skar

root. tear, rend

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “tear, rend” with derivatives like ᴹQ. harna-/N. parch “to wound” and ᴹQ. harwe/N. harw “wound” (Ety/SKAR).

Derivatives

• Ilk. esgar “wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
• ᴹ✶askarā “tearing, hastening” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • Ilk. ascar “violent, rushing, impetuous” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • ᴺQ. ascara “violent, rushing, impetuous”
  • N. asgar “violent, rushing, impetuous” ✧ Ety/SKAR
• ᴹ✶skarnā “wounded” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • ᴹQ. harna “wounded” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • N. harn “wounded” ✧ Ety/SKAR
• ᴹ✶skarwē “wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • ᴹQ. harwe “wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
  • N. harw “wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
• ᴹQ. harna- “to wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR
• ᴺS. escar “weapon”
• N. harna- “to wound” ✧ Ety/SKAR

Variations

• SKAR ✧ Ety/SKAR

skar

root. ?stop, end; limit, marge

A hastily written entry in The Etymologies of the 1930s with an unclear gloss (possibly “stop, end; limit, marge”) serving as the basis for the name Ilk. Esgaroth (also with an unclear gloss, possibly “?strand-burg”) with the element Ilk. esgar = “shore” (EtyAC/SKAR²). The name Ilk. Esgaroth was given a much clearer etymology as “Reedlake” under the entry ᴹ√ESEK “✱sedge, reed” (Ety/ESEK).

Derivatives

• Ilk. esgar “reed-bed” ✧ EtyAC/SKAR²

neinē

noun. tear

Derivations

• ᴹ√NEY “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI; EtyAC/NEI

Derivatives

• ᴹQ. nie “tear” ✧ EtyAC/NEI
• N. nîn “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI

Element in

• ᴹ✶neiniel- “tearful” ✧ Ety/NEI

Variations

• neñē ✧ EtyAC/NEI (neñē)

ney

root. tear

Tolkien used similar forms throughout his life for Elvish words connected to “tears”, the most enduring being Q. Nienna “Lady of Pity and Mourning” and S. nirnaeth as in Nirnaeth Arnoediad “[Battle of] Tears Unnumbered”. The first manifestation of this root was as ᴱ√NYE(NE) “bleat” and ᴱ√NYEHE “weep” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, though Tolkien considered moving all the derivatives of ᴱ√NYE(NE) to ᴱ√NYEHE (QL/68). Nonetheless it seems the distinction survived in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon which had both nı̯e and nı̯eχe as primitive forms (GL/59-60). Early derivatives include ᴱQ. nyé “bleat” and ᴱQ. nyéni “she-goat” along with ᴱQ. nyére/G. nîr “grief” and ᴱQ. nie/G. nîn “tear”, the last of these appearing in G. Nínin-Udathriol, the earliest name of S. Nirnaeth Arnoediad.

The root reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s as ᴹ√NEI̯ “tear” (Ety/NEI), though Tolkien considered and rejected alternate roots ᴹ√NEÑ (EtyAC/NEI) and ᴹ√NEI̯(ET) “moist” (NEI̯(ET)), the latter becoming the primitive word ᴹ✶neiti > ᴹQ. níte “moist, dewy” and N. nîd “damp, wet; tearful”. Other derivatives include ᴹQ. nie “tear”/N. nîn “tear” (same as the forms from the 1910s) as well as N. nírnaeth “lamentation” (Ety/NEI). Tolkien’s continued use of Q. Nienna (S/28) and S. nirnaeth (S/192) in later versions of the Silmarillion indicate this root’s ongoing validity.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think some of the Quenya nye- forms from the 1910s might be salvaged as abnormal vocalization from n(e)ye- < √NEY.

Changes

• NEÑ → NEI̯ ✧ Ety/NEI

Derivatives

• ᴹ✶neinē “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI; EtyAC/NEI
  • ᴹQ. nie “tear” ✧ EtyAC/NEI
  • N. nîn “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI
• ᴹ✶neiti “moist, dewy” ✧ Ety/NEI
  • ᴹQ. níte “moist, dewy, moist, dewy, *damp (of weather)” ✧ Ety/NEI
  • N. nîd “damp, wet; tearful” ✧ Ety/NEI
• ᴹ✶neñrē “tear, weeping” ✧ EtyAC/NEI
  • N. nîr “tear, weeping, weeping, [G.] grief, sorrow; [N.] tear” ✧ EtyAC/NEI
• ᴹQ. nie “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI
• ᴺQ. níta- “to weep, cry [tears]”
• ᴹQ. níte “moist, dewy, moist, dewy, *damp (of weather)” ✧ EtyAC/NEI̯(ET)
• ᴺQ. nyé “bleat, cry of goat or sheep”
• ᴺQ. nyenyë “weeping”
• ᴺQ. nyérë “grief”
• N. nîd “damp, wet; tearful” ✧ EtyAC/NEI̯(ET)
• N. nîn “tear” ✧ Ety/NEI
• ᴺS. nínia- “to weep”
• N. nîr “tear, weeping, weeping, [G.] grief, sorrow; [N.] tear” ✧ Ety/NEI

Element in

• ᴹQ. nieninqe “snowdrop, (lit.) white tear” ✧ Ety/NIK-W
• ᴺS. nída- “to weep, cry (tears)”

Variations

• NEI̯ ✧ Ety/NEI
• NEI ✧ Ety/NIK-W; EtyAC/NEI
• NEÑ ✧ EtyAC/NEI (NEÑ); EtyAC/NEI̯(ET) (NEÑ)
• NEI̯(ET) ✧ EtyAC/NEI̯(ET) (NEI̯(ET))