Quenya 

yurasta

cardinal. twelve

yurasta cardinal "24" (two times #rasta "twelve") (PE14:17)

rasta

cardinal. twelve

#rasta cardinal "twelve" (isolated from yurasta_ "24", two times 12; cf. the stem RÁSAT "twelve" listed in the Etymologies). See yunquë. (PE14:17)_

yu-

verb. twi-

yu- or yú- prefix "twi-" or "both" (VT45:13, VT46:23, VT48:20; see yualë, yúcalë, yurasta below). According to PE14:84, yú can function independently as the adverb "twice".

yuncë

cardinal. twelve

yuncë ("k") cardinal "twelve", before it was altered to yunquë under the influence of minquë "eleven" (according to VT48:7, 8). The form yuncë is asterisked by Tolkien. Compare encë under enquë.

yunquë

cardinal. twelve

yunquë ("q") cardinal "twelve" (VT47:41, VT48:4, 6, 9; VT49:57; also compare the stem yunuk(w)-_ cited in VT42:24, 31). This word appears already in an early source (PE14:82)_. Some sources point to #rasta, q.v., as another word for "twelve". However, available post-LotR sources indicate that Tolkien intended yunquë as the regular Quenya word for "twelve".

yunquë

cardinal. twelve

Cognates

  • S. ýneg “twelve” ✧ PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. yúnecë “twelve” ✧ VT48/09; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08

Derivations

  • ✶yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶yūneke > yunque[jūneke] > [juŋkwe]✧ VT47/41
✶yū-(e)nekē > yunke > yunque[jūnekē] > [juŋkwe]✧ VT48/08
✶yū(e)neke > yunekwe > yunque[jūneke] > [juŋkwe]✧ VT48/09

Variations

  • yunque ✧ PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10
Quenya [PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/07; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/10] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

ui-

prefix. twi-

Derivations

  • √YU “both, both, [ᴹ√] two”

Element in

  • S. uial “twilight, evendim” ✧ LotR/1111
Sindarin [LotR/1111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yneb

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

yneg

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

Changes

  • iug → imp ✧ PE17/095

Cognates

  • Q. yunquë “twelve” ✧ PE17/095; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • T. yúnecë “twelve” ✧ VT48/09

Derivations

  • ✶yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶yūneke > ýneg[jūneke] > [ȳneke] > [ȳnek] > [ȳneg]✧ VT47/41

Variations

  • imp ✧ PE17/095 (imp)
  • iug ✧ PE17/096 (iug)
  • yneg ✧ VT48/08; VT48/09
Sindarin [PE17/095; PE17/096; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08; VT48/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

imp

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [PE/17:95] Group: SINDICT. Published by

imp

cardinal. twelve

_ card. _twelve. Q. yunque. imp << iug. >> imp. This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:95] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

inib

cardinal. twelve

Sindarin [VT/47:41, VT/48:6,8,12] Dual of *enek "six", CE yûneke, Q. yunke, T. yûnece. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ui

twi-

(adjectival prefix) ui- (two, both)

ýneg

cardinal. twelve

ýneg (VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)

ýneg

twelve

(VT47:41, VT48:6, 8, 12)

Telerin 

yúnecë

cardinal. twelve

Changes

  • yūnec(e) → iūnec(e) ✧ VT48/21

Cognates

  • Q. yunquë “twelve” ✧ VT48/09; VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08
  • S. ýneg “twelve” ✧ VT48/09

Derivations

  • ✶yūnekē “twelve, 2 sixes” ✧ VT47/41; VT48/08; VT48/09

Variations

  • yūnece ✧ VT47/41; VT48/06
  • yúnec(e) ✧ VT48/08
  • yūnec(e) ✧ VT48/09; VT48/21 (yūnec(e))
  • iūnec(e) ✧ VT48/21
Telerin [VT47/41; VT48/06; VT48/08; VT48/09; VT48/21] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

ui-

prefix. twi-

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. yú- “both” ✧ Ety/YŪ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YŪ “two, both” ✧ Ety/YŪ

Element in

  • N. uial “twilight” ✧ Ety/YŪ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YŪ > ui-[jūju] > [jūjo] > [juio] > [uio] > [ui]✧ Ety/YŪ

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

yurasta

cardinal. twenty four

Elements

WordGloss
yú-“both”
-rasta“twelve”

-rasta

suffix. twelve

Derivations

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish

rasat

root. twelve

The root ᴹ√RÁSAT “twelve” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s, and students of Elvish long supposed that its unattested derivative ✱rasta was the Quenya word for “twelve”. In later publications, however, the Quenya word for “twelve” was given as yunquë (VT47/41), derived from primitive ✶yūnekē.

This word yunquë dates back to Early Quenya, first appearing as ᴱQ. yunqe in the Early Qenya Grammar from the 1920s (PE14/82), so it is likely that the √RASAT “twelve” co-existed with ✶yūnekē when that root was introduced in the 1930s. In currently published materials, rasta only appears as a suffix in yurasta “twenty four” (twice-twelve) in a discussion of the Elvish duodecimal (base twelve) counting system, also probably from the 1930s (PE14/17). It may be that ✶yūnekē was used for the general word for “twelve”, while √RASAT was used for “groups of twelve” as part of this duodecimal system. If so, it may have only been used as a suffix in grouping words in this counting system.

Derivatives

Variations

  • RÁSAT ✧ Ety/RÁSAT
  • rasat ✧ PE14/017
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RÁSAT; PE14/017] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

yunqe

cardinal. twelve

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/049; PE14/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by