au-

without

au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)

ava-

without

ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)

nec-

prefix. without

Derivations

• √NEK “divide, separate, part; deprive” ✧ PE17/167

Element in

• ᴺQ. necermëa “insubstantial, immaterial”
• ᴺQ. necestel “hopelessness, despair, desperation”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√NEK > nec-	[nek-]	✧ PE17/167

ú

without, destitute of

ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.

pen

without, not having

[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]

-enca

without, -less

-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.

nec-

without, -less

nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.

uluithiad

adjective. unquenchable, without quenching

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

uluithiad

without quenching

G uluithiad (unquenchable) (SD:62), pl. ?uluithiaid if the word can be treated as a common adjective (which is uncertain, given the basic etymology).

uluithiad

without quenching

(unquenchable) (SD:62), pl. ?uluithiaid if the word can be treated as a common adjective (which is uncertain, given the basic etymology).

uluidiad

unquenchable

uluidiad (but literally perhaps ”without quenching”, u + luithiad). (SD:62) Pl. ?uluithiaid if this can the treated as a common adjective (and not as a prepositional phrase).

uluidiad

unquenchable

(but literally perhaps ”without quenching”, u** + luithiad). (SD:62) Pl. ?uluithiaid** if this can the treated as a common adjective (and not as a prepositional phrase).

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

without

(outside)

pen

without

1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

uluithiad

adjective. unquenchable

An adjective for “unquenchable” appearing in Lord of the Rings drafts of the 1940s in the name Harthad Uluithiad “Hope Unquenchable” (SD/62). Patrick Wynne suggested it might be related to Q. luita- “flood, drench” and the root √LUY (VT48/31).

Elements

Word	Gloss
ú-	“un, bad-”
luithia-	“to quench”
-ed	“gerund”

Variations

• Uluithiad ✧ SD/062