núta-

set, sink

núta- vb. "set, sink" (of Sun or Moon) (NDŪ). In early "Qenya", the word was glossed "stoop, sink" (LT1:263)

quinga

bow

quinga ("q")noun "bow" (for shooting) (KWIG, LT1:256)

no

under

no prep. "under" (NŪ; all other sources give nu instead. In early "Qenya", no meant "upon"; MC:214)

nu

under

nu prep. "under" _(LR:56, Markirya, Nam, RGEO:66, MC:214; the _Etymologies alone gives no [q.v.] instead). In Mar-nu-Falmar, nuhuinenna, q.v. Prefix nú- in nútil, q.v.

andúya-

verb. to descend

núya-

verb. to descend

Cognates

• ᴺS. duia- “to descend, sink, set [of sun]”

Derivations

• ✶ndūya- “to descend” ✧ PE22/163
  • √NDU “down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, [ᴹ√] set (of Sun)” ✧ PE22/163

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ndūya > núya-	[ndūya-] > [nūya-]	✧ PE22/163

Variations

• (a)n(d)úya ✧ PE22/156

undu

down, under, beneath

undu adv. (and prep.?) "down, under, beneath" (UNU, VT46:20); prefixundu- "down", in undulávë "down-licked" = covered. (Nam)

undu

down

undu

preposition/adverb. down, under, down, under, [ᴹQ.] beneath

Derivations

• √NŪ/UNU “down, under; go down, sink”

Element in

• Q. ar lumbulë undulávë ilyë tier “and (heavy) shadow swallowed (lit. down-licked) all roads” ✧ RGEO/59
• ᴺQ. undalasar “stalactite, (lit.) down-growing stone”
• Q. undulav- “to drown, swallow, submerge, (lit.) lick down” ✧ PE17/072; PE17/072
• Q. untup- “to cover (over or up), (lit.) to cover down” ✧ PE17/073

Variations

• undu- ✧ PE17/072; PE17/072; PE17/073

lúva

bow, bight; bend, bow, curve

lúva noun "bow, bight; bend, bow, curve" (Appendix E, PE17:122, 168). The reference is to a "bow" as part of written characters and other uses, but "not for shooting" (a bow used to shoot arrows is called quinga, possibly also cú if the latter term is used as in Sindarin).

caw-

bow

#caw- vb. "bow" ("k")(1st pers aorist cawin "I bow") (LT1:257; cf. cauca, cauco). In Tolkien's later Quenya, a verbal stem with w in this position does not seem to fit the general phonology well; intervocalic w would become v. We should perhaps read *cav*- whereever the second consonant of the root follows a vowel, but the nasal-infixed past tense could be canwë with the original quality of the consonant preserved. (Compare such a past tense form as anwë, q.v.) However, Tolkiens later verb luhta**- may be preferred for intransitive "bow".

cuv-

verb. bow

nuin

preposition. under the

nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

nu

preposition. under

Derivations

• √NŪ/UNU “down, under; go down, sink”

Element in

• S. Dagor-nuin-Giliath “Battle-under-Stars” ✧ S/106
• S. Dor-nu-Fauglith “Land under Choking Ash”
• S. Emyn-nu-Fuin “Mountains of Mirkwood, (lit.) Mountains under Night” ✧ UTI/Emyn-nu-Fuin
• S. Núath “?Under Shadow”
• S. Taur-nu-Fuin “Forest under Night(shade)”

cû

bow

1) (noun) cû (i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui), 2) (bow for shooting) peng (i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing),

seidia

set aside

(appropriate to special purpose or owner) (i heidia, i seidiar) (VT42:20).  

dadbenn

downhill, sloping down

(inclined, prone [to do]), lenited dhadbenn, pl. dedbinn;

nu

under

1) (prep.) nu, followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions), 2) dî, unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

nu

under

followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions)

penia

set

penia- (i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

penia

set

(i benia, i pheniar) (fix).

penna

slant down

(i benna, i phennar)

duia-

verb. to descend, sink, set [of sun]

Cognates

• Q. núya- “to descend”

Derivations

• ✶ndūya- “to descend”
  • √NDU “down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, [ᴹ√] set (of Sun)” ✧ PE22/163

dî

under

unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

torn

down

(noun) *torn (i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”.

torn

down

(i dorn, o thorn), pl. tyrn (i thyrn). Only the pl. tyrn is attested, as part of the name Tyrn Gorthad ”Barrow-downs”. 

heria

set vigorously out to do

(i cheria, i cheriar) (have an impulse, be compelled to do something, begin suddenly and vigorously) (VT45:22)

dad

downward

;

cogn

noun. bow

Primitive form given as kuȜnâ, derived from KUȜ "bow" (LR:365); it is probable that ku3nâ was originally an adjective "bow-shaped", since -nâ is predominantly an adjectival ending. As for Ȝ (spirant g) becoming a plosive g, compare garma.

ndu

root. down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, [ᴹ√] set (of Sun)

Derivatives

• Ad. -nud “on”
• ✶ṇdūnē “sunset”
  • Q. andúnë “sunset, evening, (orig.) going down; west” ✧ PE19/077
• ✶(n)dūrā ✧ PE17/152
  • S. dûr “dark (with evil implications), gloomy, hellish” ✧ PE17/152
• ✶ndūtā- “to cause to sink”
  • Q. núta- “to lower, to lower; [ᴹQ.] to set, sink (of Sun or Moon); [ᴱQ.] to stoop”
  • ᴺS. dúda- “to lower [something]”
• ✶ndūya- “to descend” ✧ PE22/163
  • Q. núya- “to descend” ✧ PE22/163
  • ᴺS. duia- “to descend, sink, set [of sun]”
• Q. andú- “going down, setting (of sun), west”
• Q. andúnë “sunset, evening, (orig.) going down; west” ✧ PE17/064; SA/andúnë
• Q. númen “west, direction or region of the sunset, occident, (lit.) going down” ✧ Let/361; SA/andúnë
• S. annûn “sunset, west; (lit.) going down” ✧ PE17/064; SA/andúnë
• S. dûn “west” ✧ SA/andúnë
  • Ad. adûn “west, westward” ✧ PE17/018
• S. dúnad “descent”

Elements

Word	Gloss
NŪ/UNU	“down, under; go down, sink”

Variations

• ndū ✧ Let/303
• NDŪ ✧ PE17/064; PE17/169
• NDU/NDŪ ✧ PE17/167
• undu/ndu ✧ PE22/163
• ndu ✧ SA/andúnë

ndūya-

verb. to descend

Derivations

• √NDU “down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, [ᴹ√] set (of Sun)” ✧ PE22/163

Derivatives

• Q. núya- “to descend” ✧ PE22/163
• ᴺS. duia- “to descend, sink, set [of sun]”

Variations

• ndūya ✧ PE22/163

unu

root. down, under; go down, sink

nū/unu

root. down, under; go down, sink

This root and ones like it were used for Elvish words for “under” and “(going) down” for much of Tolkien’s life. Probably the first appearance of this root was ᴱ√NUHU “bow, bend down, stoop, sink” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with variant ᴱ√NŪ appearing in parenthesis, though marked by Tolkien with a “?” (QL/68). The most notable derivative of this root was ᴱQ. núme “west”, and Q. núme(n) remained the Quenya word for “west” for the remainder of Tolkien’s life. Elsewhere in the Qenya Lexicon Tolkien compared the root ᴱ√Ū “under” to the short form of this root ᴱ√NŪ, but went on to note that “Ū- = not” (QL/96), perhaps the inspiration for him later transferring the sense “under” to √NŪ. As for the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon, the root ᴱ√NŪ/NUHU had derivatives like G. nûmin “the west” and G. nunthi “downward” (GL/61). Of ᴱ√Ū¹ “under” there is no sign, though there are plenty Gnomish derivatives of ᴱ√Ū “not” (GL/73).

Indeed, by the Markiya poem of the late 1920s, Tolkien was using ᴱQ. nu for “under” (MC/214), though in the drafts he initially used no (PE16/62, 72). In The Etymologies of the 1930s he had the unglossed invertible root ᴹ√NU/UNU with derivatives like ᴹQ. nu/N. no “under” (Ety/NU). The only notable derivative of its inverted form was ᴹQ. undu “down, under, beneath” (Ety/UNU), which reemerged in the Q. Namárië poem in Q. undulav- “swallow, (lit.) down-licked” (LotR/377; PE17/72; RGEO/58).

In The Etymologies Tolkien also gave a new strengthened form of this root ᴹ√NDŪ “go down, sink, set (of Sun)”, now serving as the basis for words for “west” like ᴹQ. númen, N. dûn or N. annûn, though strictly speaking the latter was the cognate of ᴹQ. andúne “sunset” (Ety/NDŪ), a Quenya word that was also frequently used for “The West”. All these Quenya and Noldorin words reappeared in Tolkien’s later writings, with the caveat that in Sindarin Tolkien used S. nu for “under” as in S. Taur-nu-Fuin “Forest under Nightshade” (S/155). The root √NU, its inversion √UNU and its strengthened form √NDU appeared regularly in Tolkien’s later writing, consistently with senses like “under, (go) down, sink”.

Derivatives

• ✶numē-n “sunset, west” ✧ Let/303
• Q. nu “under, beneath” ✧ PE17/064
• Q. nú- “going down, setting (of sun), west”
• ᴺQ. nunya “lower (as in quality, rank or value)”
• ᴺQ. unda “lower, beneath”
• ᴺQ. undo “less”
• Q. undu “down, under, down, under, [ᴹQ.] beneath”
• ᴺS. noden “prone, face down”
• S. nu “under”
• ᴺS. nunna- “to incline head, bend face down; to assent, *agree”

Element in

• √NDU “down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, down, under, below; sink, descend, go down, [ᴹ√] set (of Sun)”
• Q. númen “west, direction or region of the sunset, occident, (lit.) going down” ✧ PE17/064

Variations

• nu ✧ Let/303
• NŪ ✧ PE17/064; PE17/169
• UNU ✧ PE17/152; PE17/188
• n(d)u/un ✧ PE18/088

nuin

preposition. under the

no

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

no

preposition. under

Cognates

• ᴹQ. nu “under” ✧ Ety/NU

Derivations

• ᴹ√NU/UNU “*down, under” ✧ Ety/NU

Element in

• N. Dagor nuin Giliath “Battle-under-Stars” ✧ Ety/NU

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NŪ̆ > no	[nu] > [no]	✧ Ety/NU

nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

peng

noun. bow (for shooting)

dad

adverb. down

Derivations

• ᴹ√DAT “fall down” ✧ Ety/DAT; EtyAC/DAT

Element in

• N. dadben “downhill, inclined, prone, downhill, inclined, prone; [ᴱN.] (figuratively) easy-going, easy, not arduous” ✧ Ety/DAT; EtyAC/DAT
• N. Rhimdad “Rushdown”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√DAT > dad	[data] > [dat] > [dad]	✧ Ety/DAT

Variations

• dad- ✧ EtyAC/DAT

dad

adverb. down, downwards