saphad-

verb. to understand

A verb attested only in the form usaphda “he understood”, an aorist inflection with the 3rd person masculine pronominal prefix u- (SD/421). Archaically its aorist form underwent phonetic changes to become †saptha, but it was later reformed to be consistent with other inflections of the verb (such as the past tense ✱sapphada).

Derivations

• √Ad. SAPHAD “understand” ✧ SD/421

Element in

• Ad. sapthân “wise man, wizard”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√Ad. SAPHAD > usaptha	[usapʰda] > [usapʰtʰa] > [usapʰθa] > [usafθa]	✧ SD/421

henia-

verb. to understand

Cognates

• ᴹQ. hanya- “to understand, know about, be skilled in dealing with” ✧ Ety/KHAN

Derivations

• ᴹ√KHAN “understand, comprehend” ✧ Ety/KHAN

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√KHAN > henio	[kʰanja-] > [xanja-] > [xania-] > [xenia-] > [henia-]	✧ Ety/KHAN