róna

east

róna adj.? "east" (RŌ). Compare hróna.

róna

adjective. east

rómen

east

rómen, Rómen noun "east" (RŌ, MEN, SA:men), "uprising, sunrise, east" (SA:rómen); also name of tengwa #25 (Appendix E). Possessive form rómenwa (PE17:59).Variant hrómen, PE17:18. Rómenna, a place in the eastern part of Númenor, is simply the allative "eastward" (SA:rómen), cf. also rómenna in LR:47, 56. Ablative Rómello "from the East" or "[to one] from the East", hence Tolkien's translation "to those from the East" in his rendering of Namárië (Nam, RGEO:67, PE17:59; Romello with a short o in VT49:32). Masc. name Rómendacil "East-victor" (Appendix A; cf. Letters:425). Masc. name Rómestámo, Róme(n)star "East-helper" (PM:384, 391; probably ?Rómenstar must always become Rómestar, but Tolkien cited the form as Róme(n)star to indicate the connection with rómen "east")

hrómen

east

hrómen noun "east", variant of the more common Rómen, q.v. (PE17:18)

hróme(n)

noun. east

Rómë

east

Rómë noun "east", variant of Rómen (PE17:59). Possessive romeva (read rómeva?), genitive rómeö (Ibid.)

hró-

prefix. east

róme

noun. east

Ambalar

east

Ambalar noun "East" (MC:221; this is "Qenya")

rhûn

noun. east

rhûn

noun. east

n. east. Q. hrō- uprising, sunrise, east. >> amrûn

rhûn

place name. East

The great inland sea of the East (LotR/1045), which is simply rhûn “east” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: On draft maps for the Lord of the Rings from the 1940s, this name was N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” (TI/307), also appearing as Rúnaer >> Rhúnaer in drafts of the Lord of the Rings appendices (PM/198). A similar form N. Rúnaeluin appears in the drafts of the final chapters of the Lord of the Rings, and might be a variation of this name (SD/65, 71 note #9).

Elements

Word	Gloss
rhûn	“east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”

rhûn

noun. east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising

The Sindarin word for “east”, cognate of Q. rómen (LotR/1116, 1123). It was ultimately derived from the root √RŌ/ORO “rise” (Ety/RŌ), and so likely originally meant “rising” as in “rising sun” (PE22/35).

Conceptual Development: The word N. rhûn “east” appeared in The Etymologies from the 1930s along with ᴹQ. rómen, both derived from ᴹ√RŌ (Ety/RŌ). At the time, there were no problems with this equivalence, since [[n|initial [r] was unvoiced]] in Noldorin. Tolkien went on to use both these forms in The Lord of the Rings.

Unfortunately, Tolkien later abandoned the unvoicing of initial r in Sindarin, making these two forms problematic. Tolkien considered modifying the Sindarin form to rûn (PE17/88) or the Quenya form to hrómen (PE17/18). The latter was probably derived from an s-strengthened form of the root ᴹ√SRŌ (PE22/127), where the initial sr- would become voiceless [r] in both Quenya and Sindarin. Ultimately, though, he left both forms alone. Perhaps he decided the s-strengthening of the root was a Sindarin-only variant.

Cognates

• Q. rómen “east, uprising, sunrise” ✧ LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/074; PE17/088; SA/rómen

Derivations

• √(S)RŌ “east”

Element in

• S. amrûn “sunrise, east, (lit.) of the uprising” ✧ PE17/122
• S. Rhudaur “?East Forest”
• S. Rhûn “East”
• S. Rhúnedain “*Easterlings” ✧ PE17/018
• S. rhúnen “eastern” ✧ SA/rómen
• S. Rúnavar ✧ PE17/139
• S. Rúnedhel ✧ PE17/141
• S. Rúneglon

Variations

• Rhûn ✧ PE17/074
• rûn ✧ PE17/088
• rún ✧ PE17/139; PE17/141

rûn

noun. east

n. #east. Q. rómen.

rûn

noun. east

amrûn

noun. east, orient

amrûn

noun. east

_n. _east. Q. orrō uprising, sunrise, east. >> rhûn

rhuven

noun. east

rhûn

Rhûn

The word rhûn means "east" in Sindarin. Compare Quenya rómen.

rhûn

east (the east)

Rhûn (?na Thrûn) (maybe primarily ”the East” as a region), also amrûn (sunrise, orient, uprising). The term *Rhúven (?na Thrúven) is maybe primarily ”east” as a direction; the final element means ”way”. This word is spelt ”rhufen” in the source (LR:384 s.v. RŌ), but it would seem that f here represents v. EAST (adjectival prefix) rhu- (as in Rhudaur ”Eastwood”, name of a realm: rhu- + taur ”wood”).

rhûn

east

(?na Thrûn) (maybe primarily ”the East” as a region), also amrûn (sunrise, orient, uprising). The term ✱Rhúven (?na Thrúven) is maybe primarily ”east” as a direction; the final element means ”way”. This word is spelt ”rhufen” in the source (LR:384 s.v. RŌ), but it would seem that f here represents v. –

rhu

east

*(as in Rhudaur ”Eastwood”, name of a realm: rhu- + taur ”wood”)*.

azûl

noun. east

A noun for “east” attested only in the prepositional phrase azûlada “eastward, ✱to the east” = azûl + -ada “to(ward)” (SD/247, 312).

Element in

• Ad. balîk hazad an-Nimruzîr azûlada “seven ships of Elendil [went] eastward” ✧ SD/247
• Ad. Adūnāim azūlada “The Adunai (Men of W.) eastward” ✧ SD/312

Variations

• azūl ✧ SD/247; SD/312

(s)rō Reconstructed

root. east

Derivatives

• Q. ro- “uprising, sunrise, east”
• S. rhûn “east, east, [N.] eastern; †rising”

Elements

Word	Gloss
RŌ/ORO	“up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount, up(wards); rise (up), go high, mount; [ᴹ√] high, [ᴱ√] steepness, rising”

rhûn

noun. east

rhûn

noun. east, eastern; †rising

Cognates

• ᴹQ. róna “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Derivations

• On. rōna “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ
  • ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Element in

• N. amrûn “uprising, sunrise, Orient, east” ✧ Ety/RŌ; PE22/035
• N. Elrûn “*East-star” ✧ Ety/RŌ
• N. Rhûnaer “Eastern Sea” ✧ TI/307

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
On. rōna > rhûn	[rōna] > [rūna] > [rūn] > [r̥ūn]	✧ Ety/RŌ

Variations

• rhūn ✧ PE22/035
• Rhûn ✧ TI/307; TI/434

rhûnaer

place name. Eastern Sea

Changes

• Rhúnaer/Rúnaer → Rhûn ✧ PMI/Rhûn

Variations

• Rhúnaer/Rúnaer ✧ PMI/Rhûn
• Rhûn ✧ SDI1/Rhûn; TII/Rhûn; WRI/Rhûn

amrûn

noun. east, orient

rhufen

noun. east

rhufen

adjective. east

Cognates

• ᴹQ. rómen “east” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Derivations

• ᴹ√RŌ/ORO “rise, up, high” ✧ Ety/RŌ

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√RŌ > rhufen	[rōmena] > [rūmena] > [rūmen] > [r̥ūmen] > [r̥umen] > [r̥uven]	✧ Ety/RŌ