Quenya 

róma

horn

róma (1) noun "horn" (WJ:368 - this refers to a "horn" as an instrument rather than as part of an animal; see rassë, tarca_)._Loose compound Oromë róma "an Oromë horn", sc. "one of Orome's horns (if he had more than one)" (WJ:368).

róma

noun. horn, horn; [ᴹQ.] loud sound, trumpet-sound, *blare

Derivations

  • ROM “horn noise, horn noise; [ᴹ√] loud noise”

Element in

róma

loud sound, trumpet-sound

róma (2) noun "loud sound, trumpet-sound" (ROM). In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, róma was also the name of tengwa #30, which letter Tolkien would later call silmë nuquerna instead.

róma

shoulder

róma (3) noun "shoulder" (LT2:335; evidently obsoleted by # 1 and # 2 above.)

romba

horn, trumpet

romba noun "horn, trumpet" (ROM)

rassë

horn

rassë, also rasco, noun "horn" (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains) (RAS/VT46:10, PM:69)

rassë

noun. horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]

A noun appearing as ᴹQ. rasse “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√RAS “stick up” along with a variant form rasko (Ety/RAS). In that document Tolkien said it was used “especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains”. The word rasse “horn” reappeared on a (rejected) page of verb forms from 1948 (PE22/127 note #152), and again in notes from the 1950s or 60s discussing the mountain name S. Caradhras (PE17/36).

Cognates

  • S. rass “horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]” ✧ PE17/036

Derivations

  • RAS “horn, horn; [ᴹ√] stick up”

Element in

Variations

  • rasse ✧ PE17/036

tarca

horn

tarca ("k")noun "horn" (TARÁK)

taru

horn

taru noun "horn" (LT2:337, 347; Tolkien's later Quenya has tarca)

Sindarin 

rom

noun. horn, trumpet

Sindarin [Ety/384, WJ/400, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ras

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

Sindarin [Ety/383, VT/46:10, LotR/E, S/436, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rasg

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rass

horn

_ n. _horn. >> Caradhras

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:36] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

rass

noun. horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]

A noun for “horn” appearing in notes on the name Caradhras “Redhorn” from the 1950s or 60s (PE17/36). This word was an element in other names as well, such as Methedras “Last Peak” and Nimras “White Horn”.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared as N. rhas “horn” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√RAS “stick up” (Ety/RAS). Christopher Tolkien gave it as rhaes in The Etymologies as published in The Lost Road (LR/383), but Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne corrected this to rhas in their Addenda and Corrigenda to the Etymologies (VT46/10). In The Etymologies it appeared beside an alternate form N. rhasg, equivalent to ᴹQ. rasko (Ety/RAS; EtyAC/RAS).

Neo-Sindarin: Some Neo-Sindarin writers adapt its variant form as ᴺS. rasg, but I recommend sticking to attested S. rass for a “horn” of both animals and mountains.

Cognates

  • Q. rassë “horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]” ✧ PE17/036

Derivations

  • RAS “horn, horn; [ᴹ√] stick up”

Element in

Sindarin [PE17/036; SA/ras] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rom

horn

1) rom (trumpet), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath. (Cf. also romloth ”horn-flower”, tobacco.) 2) rass (mountain peak), pl. #rais** (idh rais). The pl. is attested in the name Ered Nimrais. Side-form rasc, rasg. 3) rafn (wing, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn); 4) tarag (i darag, o tharag), pl. teraig (i theraig**). The word may be used of a ”steep mountain peak” (VT46:17; ”steep mountain path” in LR:391 is a misreading).

rom

horn

(trumpet), pl. rym (idh rym), coll. pl. rommath. (Cf. also romloth ”horn-flower”, tobacco.)

rafn

horn

(wing, extended point at the side), pl. raifn (idh raifn)

rasg

noun. horn

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

rass

horn

(mountain peak), pl. #rais (idh rais). The pl. is attested in the name Ered Nimrais. Side-form rasc, rasg.

sound of horns

pl. rui (idh rui), also romru, pl. remry (idh remry) for archaic römry

noun. loud sound, trumpet-sound

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

tarag

horn

(i darag, o tharag), pl. teraig (i theraig). The word may be used of a ”steep mountain peak” (VT46:17; ”steep mountain path” in LR:391 is a misreading).

amoth

noun. shoulder

Derivations

  • AM “go up, go up, [ᴹ√] up”

till

sharp horn

(i dill, o thill, construct til; also -dil, -thil at the end of compounds) (tine, point, sharp-pointed peak), no distinct pl. form except with article (i thill). Archaic †tild.

Khuzdûl

inbar

noun. horn

Element in

Khuzdûl [PE17/035; TI/174] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

ras

root. horn, horn; [ᴹ√] stick up

This root first appeared as ᴹ√RAS “stick up (intr.)” in The Etymologies of the 1930s with derivatives like ᴹQ. rasse and N. rhas or rhasg “horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)” (Ety/RAS; EtyAC/RAS). It reappeared as ᴹ√RASA “stick up” on an rejected page of roots in the Quenya Verbal System from the 1940s (PE22/127). Finally, √RAS “horn” appeared in Common Eldarin: Noun Structure of the early 1950s, but that was merely the last appearance of the root in Tolkien’s published writings. Q. rassë and S. rass “horn” continued to appear regularly as an element in mountain names in the 1950s and 60s.

Derivatives

  • aras(sō) “hart” ✧ PE21/82
    • ᴺQ. arasso “hart, stag, (male) deer”
    • S. aras “deer, deer, hart, *stag”
  • rass “horn”
  • Q. ras- “to stick out”
  • Q. rassë “horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]”
  • S. rass “horn, horn [of both animals and mountains]”
  • S. ras(t) “cape, shore”

Element in

Primitive elvish [PE21/82] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rass

noun. horn

Derivations

  • RAS “horn, horn; [ᴹ√] stick up”

Element in

Primitive elvish [SA/caran] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

rhom

noun. horn, trumpet

Noldorin [Ety/384, WJ/400, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhas

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

The form rhaes in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:10

Noldorin [Ety/383, VT/46:10, LotR/E, S/436, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhasg

noun. horn (especially on living animal, but also applied to mountains)

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhasg

noun. horn

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAS “stick up (intr.)” ✧ Ety/RAS

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√RAS > rhasg[raske] > [rask] > [r̥ask] > [r̥asg]✧ Ety/RAS

tild

noun. horn, point

Noldorin [Ety/393] Group: SINDICT. Published by

till

noun. horn, point

Noldorin [Ety/393] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tarag

noun. horn

Noldorin [Ety/391, VT/46:17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

till

noun. horn

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. tilde “spike, horn” ✧ Ety/TIL

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TIL “point, horn” ✧ Ety/TIL

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√TIL > tild > till[tilde] > [tilðe] > [tilð] > [till]✧ Ety/TIL

rhû

noun. loud sound, trumpet-sound

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. róma “loud sound, trumpet-sound” ✧ Ety/ROM

Derivations

  • On. rūma “loud sound, trumpet-sound” ✧ Ety/ROM
    • ᴹ√(O)ROM “loud noise, horn blast” ✧ Ety/ROM

Element in

  • N. rhomru “sound of horns” ✧ Ety/ROM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. rūma > rhû[rūma] > [rūm] > [r̥ūm] > [r̥ūv] > [r̥ū]✧ Ety/ROM

tarag

noun. steep mountain peak

Noldorin [Ety/391, VT/46:17] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Rohirric

horn

masculine name. Horn

Rohirric [LotRI/Horn; WRI/Horn] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

róma

noun. loud sound, trumpet-sound

Cognates

  • On. rūma “loud sound, trumpet-sound” ✧ Ety/ROM
  • N. rhû “loud sound, trumpet-sound” ✧ Ety/ROM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(O)ROM “loud noise, horn blast” ✧ Ety/ROM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ROM > róma[rōma]✧ Ety/ROM
Qenya [Ety/ROM; EtyAC/ROM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rasko

noun. horn

Old Noldorin 

rūma

noun. loud sound, trumpet-sound

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. róma “loud sound, trumpet-sound” ✧ Ety/ROM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(O)ROM “loud noise, horn blast” ✧ Ety/ROM

Derivatives

  • N. rhû “loud sound, trumpet-sound” ✧ Ety/ROM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ROM > rūma[rōma] > [rūma]✧ Ety/ROM

Variations

  • rúma ✧ EtyAC/ROM
Old Noldorin [Ety/ROM; EtyAC/ROM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

rôma

noun. shoulder

A noun for “shoulder” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, related to G. ram “wing” (GL/64, 66) and so probably derived from the early root ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward”.

Cognates

  • Eq. ráma “wing; arm” ✧ GL/64

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RAHA “stretch forward”

Variations

  • róma ✧ LT2A/Alqarámë
Gnomish [GL/64; GL/66; LT2A/Alqarámë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

alan

noun. shoulder

Changes

  • awlanalan ✧ PE13/109

Cognates

  • Eq. almo “shoulder(s), back”

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶aldamǝ ✧ PE13/109; PE13/109
    • ᴱ√ALA “spread‽”

Variations

  • awlan ✧ PE13/109 (awlan)

târ

noun. horn

Cognates

  • Eq. taru “horn” ✧ LT2A/Taruithorn

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TARA “*horn”

Element in

  • G. socthor “a drinking-horn” ✧ GL/68
  • G. sogridâr “a drinking-horn” ✧ GL/68
  • G. tarog “ox” ✧ GL/69; LT2A/Taruithorn
  • G. taru “horned” ✧ GL/69 (taru)
Gnomish [GL/68; GL/69; LT2A/Taruithorn] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

amoth

noun. shoulder

A word appearing as ᴱN. amoth “shoulder” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of 1920s derived from ᴱ✶a-mbod-t’ (PE13/137, 159) and related to ᴱN. bost “back” (PE13/139). In these documents amoth was an element in the name ᴱN. Egallmoth “He of the Wide Shoulders” with an initial element of ᴱN. egall “very broad” (PE13/142, PE13/159).

In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, the name G. Egalmoth was glossed “Broad-back” and it contained G. alm “back, shoulders” from primitive ᴱ✶alđam- (GL/19), while in Gnomish Lexicon slips modifying this document, the word for “a shoulder” was G. {awlan >>} alan derived from ᴱ✶aldǝmā (PE13/109). These 1910s words were probably based on the early root ᴱ√ALA “spread”, from which ᴱQ. almo or aldamo “back, shoulders” was derived (QL/29).

In Tolkien’s later writings, S. Egalmoth was given an entirely new etymology as “Pointed Helm-crest” (WJ/318).

Neo-Sindarin: Despite the change in the meaning if Egalmoth, I think ᴺS. amoth “shoulder” can be retained for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, reconceived as a derivative of √AM “up” (< ✱ammots-) and perhaps originally an augmentative using the suffix -oth = “✱most up (part of the torso)”.

Cognates

  • Eq. ambos “breast” ✧ PE13/137; PE13/159

Derivations

Element in

  • En. Egallmoth “He of the Wide Shoulders” ✧ PE13/159
Early Noldorin [PE13/137; PE13/139; PE13/159] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

róma

noun. upward path, mountain side, (mountain) slope, alp

A noun in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as rōma “an upward path, mountain side, slope, alp”, derived from the root ᴱ√ (QL/80). The word rōma “mountain-slope” also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/80).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ “*rise” ✧ QL/080

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ > rōma[rōmā] > [rōma]✧ QL/080

Variations

  • rōma ✧ PME/080; QL/080
Early Quenya [PME/080; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

taru

noun. horn

Cognates

  • G. târ “horn” ✧ LT2A/Taruithorn

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DARA(MA) “batter, thud, beat” ✧ LT2A/Dramborleg; QL/089
  • ᴱ√TARA “*horn” ✧ QL/089

Element in

  • Eq. tarukka “horned” ✧ LT2A/Taruithorn; QL/089
  • Eq. tarukko “bull, ox” ✧ LT2A/Taruithorn; LT2A/Taruithorn; QL/089

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TARA² > taru[tarū] > [taru]✧ QL/089

Variations

  • taru- ✧ PME/089
Early Quenya [LT2A/Dramborleg; LT2A/Taruithorn; PME/089; QL/089] Group: Eldamo. Published by