árë noun "day" (PM:127) or "sunlight" (SA:arien). Stem ári- _(PE17:126, where the word is further defined as "warmth, especially of the sun, sunlight"). Also name of tengwa #31; cf. also ar # 2. Originally pronounced ázë; when /z/ merged with /r/, the letter became superfluous and was given the new value ss, hence it was re-named essë (Appendix E)_. Also árë nuquerna *"árë reversed", name of tengwa #32, similar to normal árë but turned upside down (Appendix E). See also ilyázëa, ilyárëa under ilya. In the Etymologies, this word has a short initial vowel: arë pl. ari (AR1)
Quenya
ré
day
ré
noun. day (period from sunset to sunset)
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. atyenárë “anniversary”
- Q. Cormarë “Ringday” ✧ LotR/1112
- Q. enderi “middle-days”
- Q. Mettarë “last day of the year, *(lit.) end-day”
- Q. nai elen atta siluvat aurenna veryanwesto “*may two stars shine upon the day of your wedding” ✧ VT49/45
- ᴺQ. nostarë “birthday”
- ᴺQ. sendarë “sabbath, day of rest”
- Q. tuilérë “*spring-day”
- Q. yáviérë “*autumn-day”
- Q. Yestarë “first day of the year” ✧ PE17/119
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶rē > ré [rē] ✧ PE22/158 Variations
- rē ✧ PE17/119; VT49/34
ré
noun. day in calendar
árë
day
resta
noun. sown field
sown field, tilled ground, acre
resta
sown field, acre
resta noun "sown field, acre" (VT46:11 cf. RED-). The word parma-restalyanna, probably meaning *"(up)on your book-fair", seems to use #resta in the sense of "fair" (as held in a field?) Carl F. Hostetter however suggests that #resta "fair" may be related to ré "day" (VT49:39-40); if so this word is wholly distinct from resta "sown field".
Ae
day
Ae (Quenya?) noun "day" (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar [# 2] in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out.)
ar
day
ar (2) noun "day" (PE17:148), apparently short for árë, occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant (VT45:27). Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë (or ré), q.v.
pontë
back, rear
pontë (ponti-) noun "back, rear" (QL:75)
sana
day (24 hours)
sana (2) noun "day (24 hours)" (LT1:250; the later word ré is to be preferred to this early "Qenya" form)
ala
day
[ala (7) noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted (allen = al'nen) and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this (VT45:13).]
catta
noun. back
A neologism for “back” coined by Paul Strack in 2022 specifically for Eldamo, based on Q. ca(ta) “behind, at back of place”. This word can refer to the back of body as well as the back of other things.
Elements
Word Gloss ca(ta) “behind, at back of place, behind, at back of place; [ᴹQ.] after”
opto
noun. back
ré noun "day" (of the sun), a full 24-hour cycle (Appendix D) composed of aurë (day, daylight) and lómë "night" (VT49:45). Short -rë in compounds like Ringarë (q.v.). Allative rénna (VT49:45).