Quenya 

parmahentië

noun. (book) reading

Variations

  • parmahentie ✧ PE17/077

parma

noun. book

book, writing, composition

Quenya [PE 18:51 PE 18:101] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

parma

book

parma noun "book", also name of tengwa #2 (PAR, Appendix E). In early "Qenya", the gloss was "skin, bark, parchment, book, writings" (LT2:346); Tolkien later revisited the idea that parma basically is a noun "peel" and refers to bark or skin (as primitive writing materials, PE17:86): "peel, applied to bark or skin, hence "book", bark (literally skinning, peeling off), parchment, book; a book (or written document of some size")" (PE17:123). In the meantimeTolkien had associated the word with a root PAR meaning "compose, put together" (LR:380); the word loiparë "mistake in writing" (q.v.) may also suggest that the root PAR at one point was to mean "write", so that a parma was a "written thing". Instrumental form parmanen "with a book" or "by means of a book" (PE17:91, 180), parmastanna "on your book" (with the endings -sta dual "your", -nna allative) (VT49:47), parmahentië noun "book reading" (PE17:77). Other compounds: parmalambë noun "book-language" = Q[u]enya (PAR), #parma-resta noun "book-fair", attested with the endings -lya "thy" and the allative ending -nna (parma-restalyanna *"upon your book-fair") (VT49:38, 39). Parma as the name of the tengwa letter for P occurs compunded in parmatéma noun "p-series", labials, the second column of the Tengwar system (Appendix E).

henta-

to eye, to examine (with the eyes), scan; to read (silently)

henta- vb. "to eye, to examine (with the eyes), scan; to read (silently)" (for "read aloud", et-henta is used). Forms cited: Aorist henta, present continuative hentëa, "aorist past" hentanë, perfect ehentanië. Gerund #hentië "reading", isolated from parmahentië "book reading" (PE17:77, 156).

Sindarin 

parf

book

parf (i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath

parf

book

(i barf, o pharf), pl. perf (i pherf), coll. pl. parvath

Telerin 

parma

noun. book

Cognates

  • Q. parma “book, writing, composition, written document of some size, book, writing, composition, written document of some size; [ᴱQ.] skin, bark; parchment”

Derivations

  • PAR “learn; arrange, [ᴹ√] compose, put together”

Noldorin 

parf

noun. book

Noldorin [Ety/380] Group: SINDICT. Published by

parf

noun. book

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivations

  • On. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
    • ᴹ✶parmā “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
    • ᴹ√PAR “compose, put together, arrange” ✧ Ety/PAR

Element in

  • ᴺS. parlas “parchment, document”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. parma > parf[parma] > [parm] > [parv]✧ Ety/PAR
On. parma > perf[parmi] > [permi] > [perm] > [perv]✧ Ety/PAR
Noldorin [Ety/PAR; EtyAC/PAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

parma

noun. book

Cognates

  • On. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
  • N. parf “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶parmā “book” ✧ Ety/PAR; PE18/051; PE21/61
    • ᴹ√PAR “compose, put together, arrange” ✧ Ety/PAR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶parmā > parma[parmā] > [parma]✧ Ety/PAR
ᴹ✶parmā > parma[parmā] > [parma]✧ PE18/051
ᴹ✶parmānĕ > parmān > parman[parmāne] > [parmān] > [parman]✧ PE21/61
Qenya [Ety/PAR; EtyAC/PAR; PE18/051; PE21/08; PE21/58; PE21/59; PE21/60; PE21/61; PE22/018; PE22/019; PE22/022; PE22/046; PE22/050; PE22/061; PE22/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

parma

noun. book

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶parmā “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
    • ᴹ√PAR “compose, put together, arrange” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivatives

  • N. parf “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶parmā > parma[parmā] > [parma]✧ Ety/PAR
Old Noldorin [Ety/PAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

parmā

noun. book

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PAR “compose, put together, arrange” ✧ Ety/PAR

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR; PE18/051; PE21/61
  • On. parma “book” ✧ Ety/PAR
    • N. parf “book” ✧ Ety/PAR

Variations

  • parmă ✧ PE21/64
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/PAR; PE18/051; PE21/58; PE21/61; PE21/64] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

tekka

noun. book

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TEKE “make marks” ✧ QL/090

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TEKE > tekka[tekkā] > [tekka]✧ QL/090
Early Quenya [QL/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tekte

noun. book

Derivations

  • ᴱ√TEKE “make marks” ✧ QL/090

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√TEKE > tekte[tekti] > [tekte]✧ QL/090
Early Quenya [QL/090] Group: Eldamo. Published by