Quenya 

otsola

week

otsola noun "week" (evidently referring to a week of seven days like our own, since otso = seven). (GL:62). Compare enquië, the Eldarin six-day week, and lemnar, a five-day week.

lemnar

week

lemnar noun "week" (of five days) (LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK). Compare enquië, otsola.

enquië

enquië

enquië noun, Eldarin six-day week, pl. enquier (Appendix D). Cf. enquë "6". Compare lemnar, otsola.

otsola

noun. (seven-day) week

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
otso“seven”

Sindarin 

lefnar

noun. week (of five days)

Sindarin [VT/45:27, X/LH, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

odlad

noun. week

Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

lefnor

week

(of five days) *lefnor, pl. lefnoer

lefnor

week

pl. lefnoer

Noldorin 

lhevnar

noun. week (of five days)

Noldorin [VT/45:27, X/LH, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhevnar

noun. week

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lemnar “(Valarin five-day) week” ✧ Ety/LEP

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶lepenar “week” ✧ EtyAC/LEP
    • ᴹ√LEPEN “five” ✧ Ety/LEP

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶lepenar > lhevnar[lepenar] > [lepnar] > [lebnar] > [levnar] > [l̥evnar]✧ EtyAC/LEP
Noldorin [Ety/LEP; EtyAC/LEP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

lepenar

noun. week

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LEPEN “five” ✧ Ety/LEP

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. lemnar “(Valarin five-day) week” ✧ EtyAC/LEP
  • N. lhevnar “week” ✧ EtyAC/LEP
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/LEP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

oglad

noun. week

ochlad

noun. week

The word for “week” in Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s was G. ochlad. It is related to the word G. odin “seven” and derived from ᴱ✶ot·g’lāta (GL/62), though its exact phonetic development is obscure. Roman Rausch speculated (HPG/2.6) that the [tgl] somehow became [ɣl] (ʒl) and then [ɣl] > [xl] (chl).

Conceptual Development: In a very early list of weekday names, this word appeared as G. oglad (PE14/16, 21), but it was altered to ochlad in the Gnomish Lexicon from the 1910s (GL/62).

Neo-Sindarin: There are no later words for a seven-day week in Noldorin or Sindarin. The closest we come is N. lhevnar for the Valarin five-day week, but this is inappropriate since it is based on the root ᴹ√LEPEN “five”.

The later Sindarin word for “seven” was odog from the root √OTOK. It is difficult but not impossible to produce initial och- from this root. Such a form appeared in S. ochui, a variant of othui “seventh”. This word probably developed from ✱✶ot’kō-yā > okkōyā > okkhuia > ochui, similar to the development of ✶etkat- > S. echad-. Perhaps ᴺS. ochlad could be derived from primitive ✱✶ot’k-galáta > okkh’lata > ochlad (“seven shining?”). However, the combination chl does not appear in later Sindarin.

The earlier (replaced) form oglad “week” is more phonetically plausible in Sindarin, since the gl does occur medially. However, this word probably reflects the Gnomish phonetic rule that [[g|[dl] became [gl]]], a rule Tolkien retained in Noldorin but abandoned in Sindarin. So perhaps a more appropriated revised form would be ᴺS. odlad, from ✱ot(ok)-g’lata > otlata > odlad, analogous to the revision of N. eglenn “exiled” >> S. edlen(n).

Changes

  • ogladochlad ✧ GL/62

Cognates

  • Eq. otsola “week” ✧ GL/62; PE14/016; PE14/021

Derivations

Elements

WordGloss
odin“seven (orig[inally] many)”

Variations

  • oglad ✧ GL/62 (oglad); PE14/016; PE14/021
Gnomish [GL/62; PE14/016; PE14/021] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

otsola

noun. week

The Early Qenya word for a seven-day “week” is otsola. It is related to the word otso “seven”, and its Gnomish cognate ochlad is derived from ᴱ✶ot·g’lāta (GL/62). The Qenya word is probably derived from ᴱ✶otso-g’lā, where the second element is a reduced form of ᴱ✶galā > kala “daytime”.

Conceptual Development: In a very early list of weekday names, this word also appeared as ᴱQ. otsan (PE14/16, 21), where its second element was probably derived from sana “day” (GL/29).

Neo-Quenya: There are a couple later words for “week” in Quenya, namely ᴹQ. lemnar and Q. enquië. These describe five- and six-day weeks, respectively and are related to ᴹQ. lempe “five” and Q. enquë “six”. The Elves used a six-day week in Tolkien’s later writing (LotR/1107). The Númenóreans added a seventh day that was adopted throughout the human kingdoms of Middle-earth, but Tolkien did not give a name to this seven-day week.

The later Quenya word for “seven” remained otso, and the later word for the six-day week is a combination of enquë “six” with the abstract-noun suffix -ië. Therefore, otsola might remain a valid Quenya word for a seven-day week, though a revised form !otsolë might fit later Quenya structure better.

Cognates

  • G. ochlad “week” ✧ GL/62; PE14/016; PE14/021

Derivations

Elements

WordGloss
otso“seven”
kala“light”

Variations

  • Otsan ✧ PE14/016
  • Otsola ✧ PE14/016
  • otsan ✧ PE14/021
Early Quenya [GL/62; PE14/016; PE14/021] Group: Eldamo. Published by

otsan

noun. week