Quenya 

no

under

no prep. "under" (NŪ; all other sources give nu instead. In early "Qenya", no meant "upon"; MC:214)

ui

no

ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare , which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.

ala

not

ala, #ála (1) imperative particle á, a combined with the negation , -la "not" to express a prohibition (VT43:22; see #1). Also with 1st person suffix -lyë (alalyë and álalyë, VT43:10, 22, VT44:8) and 1st person pl. object suffix - (alamë and álamë, "do not [do something to] us", as in ála tulya, "do not lead us", VT43:12, 22). In the essay Quendi and Eldar, negative imperatives are rather indicated by áva, q.v., but this form can well coexist with ala, #ála.

ala-

not

ala- (2) negative prefix "not", "un-", reduced to al- before a vowel (VT42:33, GALA, VT45:25), though the example Alcorin would suggest that al- can sometimes appear before a consonant as well. In a deleted entry in Etym, al(a)- was defined as "not" and said to be a "pure negative" (VT45:5). In alahasta, Alamanyar, alasaila, Alcorin.

noa

thigh

[noa (3) noun "thigh" (VT46:4)]

but

(2) conj. "but" (VT41:13)

conjunction. but

before (of time); at back (of place), before (of time); at back (of place); [ᴹQ.] yester-; [ᴱQ.] after (of place), behind; after (only of time); than

Cognates

  • Ad. nad “hind, *behind”

Derivations

  • “behind”

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ MS/01
  • ✧ VT49/32
Quenya [MS/01; VT49/32] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ono

but

ono conj. "but" (VT43:23, VT44:5/9)

ono

conjunction. but

Changes

  • anatone “*but” ✧ VT43/23

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ VT41/13
  • anat ✧ VT43/23 (anat)
  • one ✧ VT43/23
Quenya [VT41/13; VT43/23; VT44/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nosta-

beget

nosta- vb., variously glossed "beget" (SD:73) or passive "be begotten" (PE17:170); in earlier "Qenya" the gloss was "give birth" (LT1:272)

nu

under

nu prep. "under" _(LR:56, Markirya, Nam, RGEO:66, MC:214; the _Etymologies alone gives no [q.v.] instead). In Mar-nu-Falmar, nuhuinenna, q.v. Prefix - in nútil, q.v.

nay, no

interjection "nay, no"; the stem √PHŌ/Ū is itself defined as an "interjection of displeasure/dissent" (PE17:181)

interjection. nay, no

Derivations

  • PHŌ/Ū “interjection of displeasure/dissent” ✧ PE17/181

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
PHŌ/Ū > [pʰō] > [ɸō] > [fō]✧ PE17/181

il-

verb. no, *un-

il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.

la

no, not

la negation "no, not" (see ); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)

no, not

(1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.

adverb. no, not

Derivations

  • LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/153; VT42/33

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ALA > [lā]✧ PE22/153
ala > la[lā]✧ VT42/33

Variations

  • ✧ PE22/153; VT49/13
  • la ✧ PE22/154; PE22/158 (la); PE22/160; PE22/162; VT42/33; VT49/18
  • ✧ PE22/154; PE22/158; PE22/160; PE22/161; PE22/166; PE22/166; VT42/33; VT42/33
Quenya [PE22/153; PE22/154; PE22/158; PE22/160; PE22/161; PE22/162; PE22/166; VT42/33; VT49/13; VT49/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nan

but

nan conj. "but" (FS); the Etymologies also gives , nán (NDAN), but these words may be confused with forms of the verb "to be", so nan should perhaps be preferred, unless for "but" one uses the wholly distinct word mal. In Tolkien's later Quenya, it may be that he introduced new words for "but" to free up nan for another meaning (perhaps the adverb "back", compare the prefix nan-).

but, on the contrary, on the other hand

(2), also nán, conj. "but, on the contrary, on the other hand" (NDAN; the form nan, q.v., is probably to be preferred to avoid confusion with "is", *nán "I am").

onë

but

onë conj. "but" (VT43:23)

onë

conjunction. but

san

then

san (1) adv. "then" (MC:216; also twice in Narqelion), a "Qenya" term apparently replaced by in Tolkiens later conception. In his later Quenya, san would be the dative form of sa "it", hence "for it; to it".

lá-

verb. to not be

Changes

  • laminlanye ✧ VT49/13

Derivations

  • lā- “to not be” ✧ PE22/153; PE22/153; VT49/13
    • LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/153
  • LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/156; VT42/33; VT49/13

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> lanye[lanye]✧ PE22/153
lājā > laia[lājā] > [laijā] > [laija] > [laia]✧ PE22/153
(A)LA > lā-[lā-]✧ PE22/156
ala > [lā-]✧ VT42/33
ala > [lā-]✧ VT49/13
lājā > laia[lājā] > [laijā] > [laija] > [laia]✧ VT49/13

Variations

  • la ✧ PE22/154; VT43/22; VT49/15
  • lā- ✧ PE22/156
  • ✧ VT42/33; VT49/13; VT49/13
  • ✧ VT49/13
  • lamin ✧ VT49/13 (lamin)
Quenya [PE22/153; PE22/154; PE22/156; PE22/160; VT42/33; VT43/22; VT49/13; VT49/15] Group: Eldamo. Published by

anat

but

anat conj. "but" (VT43:23; possibly an ephemeral form)

ná-

verb. to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist

Changes

  • nāner ✧ VT49/09
  • nārnăr ✧ VT49/30

Cognates

  • Ad. -n “predicate suffix”
  • S. na- “to be”

Derivations

  • “be (the same as another), exist” ✧ PE17/093

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> [nā]✧ PE17/093

Variations

  • ✧ LotR/0377; PE17/090; PE17/093; PE22/154; PE22/167; VT42/33; VT49/09; VT49/23
  • na ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT; PE17/057; PE17/074; PE17/074; PE17/090; PE17/162; VT43/13; VT43/30
  • ✧ PE17/058; RGEO/59; VT49/09 (); VT49/28; VT49/30
  • nā- ✧ PE22/166; VT49/27; VT49/28 (nā-)
  • nā̀ ✧ RGEO/58
  • ✧ RGEO/60
  • nā̆ ✧ VT49/30
  • nār ✧ VT49/30 (nār)
Quenya [LotR/0377; Minor-Doc/1955-CT; PE17/057; PE17/058; PE17/059; PE17/074; PE17/090; PE17/093; PE17/126; PE17/162; PE22/154; PE22/158; PE22/166; PE22/167; PE22/168; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; RGEO/60; VT42/33; VT42/34; VT43/13; VT43/14; VT43/15; VT43/16; VT43/23; VT43/30; VT43/34; VT44/34; VT49/09; VT49/10; VT49/19; VT49/23; VT49/27; VT49/28; VT49/29; VT49/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pen-

verb. not to have, not to have, *to lack

Derivations

  • PEN “lack, be without, have not” ✧ PE17/173

Element in

  • ᴺQ. penië “lack, want, shortage”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
PEN > pen-[pen-]✧ PE17/173

ta

then

ta (4) conj., said to be a reducted form of "then", used "before each new item in a series or list"; "if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item [e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet], this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important". (PE17:70) Hence the use of arta (ar ta, "and ta") for "et cetera"; in older language ta ta or just ta.

tai

then

tai (3) adv. "then", also (which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well) (VT49:33)

tai

1lE adverb. then

then

1) adv. "then" (VT49:11). Cf. ta #4.

adverb. then

Derivations

  • TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”

Element in

  • Q. tenta “still, yet [past], still, yet [past], *up until then”

Variations

  • ✧ VT49/11; VT49/33
  • tai ✧ VT49/33
Quenya [VT49/11; VT49/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

uito

it is not that

uito interjection "it is not that" (emphatic word for "no"?) Compare ui, náto (VT49:28, 29)

uito

interjection. it is not that

ónë

beget, create

ónë one pa.t. of onta- vb. "beget, create" (the pa.t. may also be ontanë) (ONO)

onta-

beget, create

onta- (pa.t. ónë or ontanë) vb. "beget, create" (ONO, PE17:170)

tiuco

thigh

tiuco noun("k") "thigh" (TIW)

ui

interjection. no, it is n[ot]

Element in

  • Q. uito “it is not that” ✧ VT49/28

Elements

WordGloss
ui-“to not be, to not do”

canta-

verb. ?

Derivations

  • KAN “cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule, cry aloud; (Q. only) command; lead, rule; [ᴹ√] dare”

u-

not do, not be

#u- vb. "not do, not be" (1st pers. aorist uin "I do not, am not"), pa.t. úmë (UGU/UMU). A late (ca. 1968) source gives the forms uin, uin() "I am not", uil() "you are not", uis "it is not", uilmë "we are not", uir "are not" and endingless ui *"is not" (VT49:29, 36); these forms were however struck out. The example uin carë "I dont" (PE17:68) combines this negative verb with a following verb in the "simplest aorist infinitive". Compare ua in another late source. See also ui, which (despite its use as an interjection "no") seems to be the endingless 3rd person aorist.

ua-

not do, not be

ua- negative verb "not do, not be". If a verb is to be negated, ua (coming before the verb) receives any pronominal endings (and presumably also any endings for plurality or duality, -r or -t), whereas the uninflected tense-stem of the verb follows: With the ending -n for "I", one can thus have constructions like uan carë "I do not" (aorist), uan carnë "I did not" (past), uan cára "I am not doing" (present), uan caruva "I shall not do" (future). The verb ua- can itself be fully conjugated: #ua aorist (or present?), únë (past), úva "(future), #uië (perfect) (the aorist and perfect are attested only with the ending -n "I"). In "archaic Quenya" these tense-forms could be combined with an uninflected aorist stem, e.g. future *úvan carë = later Quenya uan caruva, "I shall not do". In later Quenya, only the forms ua (present or aorist) and "occasionally" the past tense form #únë were used in normal prose (únen* "I did not, was not"). (PE17:144; compare FS for úva** as a future-tense negative verb "will not")

ca

behind, at back of place

ca, cata, cana prep? "behind, at back of place" (VT43:30)

fai; afea

adverb. before (of time)

Quenya [PE 22:147] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ava-

verb. refuse, forbid

Quenya [PE 22:162n, 163f] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

avaquet-

refuse, forbid

avaquet- ("q")vb. "refuse, forbid" (KWET)

ú-

prefix. no, not, un-, in-; hard, difficult, bad, uneasy; hardly, with difficulty, ‘badly’

Cognates

  • S. ú- “no, not, negative; impossible, no, not, negative; impossible; [N.] bad-” ✧ PE17/062

Derivations

  • UG “dislike” ✧ PE22/160
  • Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not” ✧ VT42/33

Element in

  • ᴺQ. úpuhta- “to fornicate”
  • ᴺQ. úhep- “to lose, (lit.) to un-keep”
  • ᴺQ. únet- “to lose, (lit.) to un-get”
  • Q. úcalima “dim, murky, dim, murky, *not bright” ✧ PE22/156
  • Q. úcar- “*to trespass, do wrong, sin”
  • Q. úcarë “*sin, debt, trespass”
  • Q. úcárima “hard to do, difficult” ✧ PE22/156
  • Q. úcarnë “not red” ✧ PE22/152
  • ᴺQ. úcim- “disregard”
  • ᴺQ. úfailië “unrighteousness”
  • Q. úfantima “not concealable”
  • Q. úfanwëa “not veiled, unveiled”
  • ᴺQ. úhandë “unreason, incomprehension”
  • Q. úχarin “unmarred” ✧ PE17/150
  • Q. Úlairi “Ring-wraiths, (lit.) ?Un-living, Un-summer”
  • ᴺQ. úlaita- “to dishonour”
  • ᴺQ. úlévima “paralyzed, lame”
  • Q. Úmaiar “Evil Spirits”
  • Q. úmaitë “clumsy(-handed), unskilled”
  • Q. Úmaneldi “*Elves not of Aman”
  • Q. Úmanyar “Those not of Aman”
  • Q. úmara “bad, ill-used, evil, sinister” ✧ VT49/15
  • Q. úmárë “not good = evil” ✧ PE22/152
  • Q. únat “thing impossible to be or to be done”
  • Q. únehta “*atom”
  • Q. Úner “Noman” ✧ UT/211
  • Q. únotë(a) “not counted, uncounted” ✧ PE17/143; VT39/14
  • Q. únótima “numberless, innumerable, countless, difficult/impossible to count” ✧ PE17/062; PE17/063; PE17/143; PE22/156; PE22/160; VT39/14; VT42/33
  • ᴺQ. únut- “to untie”
  • Q. únyárima “impossible to recount”
  • Q. úpa “dumb [unable to speak]”
  • Q. úpahtëa “speechless”
  • ᴺQ. úpoica “unclean”
  • ᴺQ. úqua “nothing”
  • ᴺQ. úquen “nobody, no one”
  • Q. úquétima “unspeakable, impossible to say or put into words, unpronounceable”
  • Q. úsahtië “inducement to do wrong, *temptation”
  • Q. úsië “on the contrary” ✧ VT49/18
  • Q. úsir “on the contrary” ✧ VT49/18
  • ᴺQ. útancië “uncertainty”
  • ᴺQ. útulya- “to mislead”
  • ᴺQ. útúrima “unruly”
  • Q. úvana “marred”
  • Q. úvanë(a) “without beauty”
  • Q. úvanima “not fair, ugly; hard to call beautiful, hideous” ✧ PE17/143; PE22/156; VT39/14
  • Q. úvanimo “monster, corrupt or evil creature”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
UG > ú[ugu-] > [uɣu-] > [ū-]✧ PE22/160
û > ú[ū-]✧ VT42/33

Variations

  • ū- ✧ PE17/062; PE17/144; PE22/152; PE22/156
  • ū ✧ PE22/156; PE22/167; VT44/04
  • ú ✧ PE22/160; VT42/33
  • Ú- ✧ UT/211 (Ú-)
Quenya [PE17/062; PE17/063; PE17/143; PE17/144; PE17/150; PE22/152; PE22/156; PE22/160; PE22/167; UT/211; VT39/14; VT42/33; VT44/04; VT49/15; VT49/18] Group: Eldamo. Published by

apa

but

apa (3) conj. "but": melinyes apa la hé "I love him but not him" (another) (VT49:15)

apa

conjunction. but

Element in

Variations

  • apa ✧ VT49/15

ciuca

noun. thigh

thigh

Quenya [PE 19:54 PE 19:107] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ea

verb. be

be

Quenya [PE 19:48] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

mal

but

mal conj. "but" (VT43:23)

mal

conjunction. but

Element in

  • Q. násië “but deliver us from evil: Amen” ✧ VT43/23

sal-

verb. ?

Quenya [PE 22:133] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lana

no, not any, not (a); none

@@@ Discord 2022-06-14; PE ✱lănā cf. √SI > ✱sĭnā, √TA > ✱tănā; Short/unstressed variants la, lá also possible, cf. si loa “this year” (PE22:168)

Derivations

  • LA “no, not; negative; not to be”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ui(y)a

no, not any, not (a); none

@@@ Discord 2022-06-14; cf. consonant-final √IL > ✱ilyā; Short/unstressed variant ú (+ nom.) also possible, cf. si loa “this year” (PE22:168), distinguished from abessive/privative ú ( + gen.) “without.”

Derivations

  • Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

no

verb. be!

Sindarin [VT/44:21,24] Group: SINDICT. Published by

û

interjection. no

adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:144] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

al-

prefix. not

pref. not. >> alfirin

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:101:146] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

en

?. ?

@@@ In VT50/13 Carl Hostetter suggested this might be an indicative passive voice marker en, vs. subjunctive passive voice marker aen.

Element in

Variations

  • en ✧ VT50/13
Sindarin [VT50/13] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

Sindarin [Ety/378, etc.] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nu

preposition. under

Derivations

  • NŪ/UNU “down, under; go down, sink”

Element in

Sindarin [S/106; UTI/Emyn-nu-Fuin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

al-

prefix. no, not

Cognates

  • Q. al(a)- “in-, un-, not; †-less, without”

Derivations

  • LA “no, not; negative; not to be”

Element in

  • S. alfirin “immortal, (lit.) not dying; a species of flower” ✧ PE17/101
  • ᴺS. alhad “nowhere”
  • ᴺS. allu “never”
  • ᴺS. alnad “nothing”
  • ᴺS. alphen “no one, nobody”
  • ᴺS. alben “no one”

Variations

  • al- ✧ PE17/101
Sindarin [PE17/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

û

adverb/interjection. no, not, no, not, [G.] nor

Derivations

  • ū “primitive negative interjection” ✧ PE17/144
    • Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not” ✧ PE17/143

Element in

  • S. ú- “no, not, negative; impossible, no, not, negative; impossible; [N.] bad-” ✧ PE17/144

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ū > û[ū]✧ PE17/144
Sindarin [PE17/144] Group: Eldamo. Published by

baw

interjection. no, don't!

Sindarin [WJ/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ingildon

place name. ?

Changes

  • IngildonBarad Nimras ✧ WJI/Barad Nimras
  • IngildonBarad Nimras ✧ WJI/Ingildon
Sindarin [WJI/Barad Nimras; WJI/Ingildon] Group: Eldamo. Published by

na-

verb. to be

Sindarin [no aer i eneth lín VT/44:21,24] Group: SINDICT. Published by

na-

verb. to be

Changes

  • dôddád ✧ VT44/22
  • dádhae ✧ VT44/22
  • haeno ✧ VT44/24

Cognates

  • Q. ná- “to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist”

Derivations

  • “be (the same as another), exist”

Element in

Variations

  • dôd ✧ VT44/22 (dôd)
  • dád ✧ VT44/22 (dád)
  • hae ✧ VT44/22 (hae)
Sindarin [VT44/22; VT44/24; VT50/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by

baw

interjection. no, do not!

Cognates

  • Ad. “don’t”
  • Q. “will not, do not, shall not” ✧ PE17/143; PE17/145; WJ/371

Derivations

  • BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ PE17/143; PE17/145; WJ/370; WJ/372

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> baw[bā] > [bǭ] > [bau]✧ PE17/143
> baw[bā] > [bǭ] > [bau]✧ PE17/145
BA > baw[bā] > [bǭ] > [bau]✧ WJ/370
> baw[bā] > [bǭ] > [bau]✧ WJ/372

Variations

  • baw ✧ PE17/143; PE17/145; WJ/371; WJ/372
Sindarin [PE17/143; PE17/145; WJ/371; WJ/372] Group: Eldamo. Published by

boda

verb. refuse, forbid

Sindarin [PE 22:161] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

nuin

preposition. under the

Sindarin [Ety/378, etc.] nu+i. Group: SINDICT. Published by

onna-

verb. to beget

Sindarin [Abonnen, Eboennin WJ/387] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ú-

prefix. no, not, negative; impossible, no, not, negative; impossible; [N.] bad-

Cognates

  • Q. ú- “no, not, un-, in-; hard, difficult, bad, uneasy; hardly, with difficulty, ‘badly’” ✧ PE17/062

Derivations

  • UG “dislike” ✧ PE22/160
  • Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not” ✧ VT42/33

Element in

  • S. ú-chebin estel anim “I have kept no hope for myself” ✧ LotR/1061
  • S. Udalraph “Stirrupless” ✧ UT/313
  • ᴺS. úgan(n) “gutless, faint-hearted, diffident”
  • S. úgarol “not now doing or making, idling” ✧ PE17/144
  • S. úgarth “trespass, *(lit.) misdeed” ✧ VT44/28
  • ᴺS. úgethiol “boring, (lit.) not interesting”
  • S. uin gar “I do not make” ✧ PE17/145
  • ᴺS. úlam “dumb, unable to speak, (lit.) untongued”
  • S. úlan(n) “narrow, (lit.) not broad” ✧ PE17/144
  • S. Úmarth “Ill-fate”
  • S. únodui “countless” ✧ PE17/144

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
û > ú[ū-]✧ VT42/33

Variations

  • ū- ✧ PE17/062; PE17/144; PE17/144
  • ú ✧ PE17/145; PE22/160; VT42/33; VT44/28 (ú)
  • U- ✧ UT/313
  • ū ✧ WJ/369
Sindarin [LotR/1061; PE17/062; PE17/144; PE17/145; PE22/160; UT/313; VT42/33; VT44/28; WJ/369] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ú

prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)

Sindarin [WJ/369, LotR/A(v)] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

Sindarin [VT50:15] Group: Subject of debate. Published by

ach

conjunction. but

[it] appears that ach is the contrastive coordinating conjunction 'but'.

Sindarin [VT50:15] Group: Subject of debate. Published by

ach

conjunction. *but

Element in

Variations

  • ach ✧ VT50/15

dha

?. ?

Changes

  • nođa ✧ PE22/165

Element in

  • S. inn dha v’im “I have a good mind (to do so), (lit.) there is an ‘inn’ in me” ✧ PE22/165

Variations

  • đa ✧ PE22/165
  • no ✧ PE22/165 (no)
Sindarin [PE22/165] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tŷg

noun. thigh

A neologism for “thigh” coined by Paul Strack in 2018 specifically for Eldamo, the Sindarin equivalent of [ᴹQ.] tiuko “thigh” from the root ᴹ√TIW “fat, thick”.

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TIW “fat, thick”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

baw!

no

! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix

baw!

no

(don’t!) Prefix

no, not

also ú

al

not

al- (prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

al

not

(prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

law

adverb. not

Derivations

  • LA “no, not; negative; not to be”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

ú

not

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”I do not keep”) (without). Verb

ú

not

u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin

na

be

: The verb ”to be” is poorly attested. Apparently the root is na-. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund *”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps *leben tail brand i annon.

na

be

. The imperative is attested as no, and nad (used = ”thing”) may be seen as an original gerund ✱”a being”. It seems that the copula ”is, are” (and ”was, were”?) can be omitted altogether, as in the ”Noldorin” sentence lheben teil brann i annon ”five feet high [is] the door” (AI:92), in Sindarin perhaps ✱leben tail brand i annon.

nu

under

1) (prep.) nu, followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salos reconstructions), 2) , unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

nu

under

followed by lenition (with article nuin ”under the”, followed by ”mixed mutation” according to David Salo’s reconstructions)

no, not

-, also ú-

ava

will not

(i ava, in avar).

ont

adverb/adjective. no, none

Derivations

  • UMU “not, expressing privation, not, expressing privation; [ᴹ√] negative stems”
    • Ū “denial of fact, privation, negative element, denial of fact, privation, negative element, [ᴱ√] not”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

lae-

verb. to not be

Derivations

  • lā- “to not be”
    • LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/153
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

onna

beget

onna- (i onna, in onnar), also prefixed edonna- (i edonna, in edonnar), passive participle ?edonnen.

onna

beget

(i onna, in onnar), also prefixed edonna- (i edonna, in edonnar), passive participle ?edonnen.

said

not common

(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (separate, private, excluded) (VT42:20)

under

unstressed di (beneath, in) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

adel

behind

(adv. and prep) adel; as prep. probably followed by soft mutation.

adel

behind

; as prep. probably followed by soft mutation.

Telerin 

aba-

prefix. not

Cognates

  • Q. ava- “negation (refusing or forbidden)” ✧ WJ/370

Derivations

  • BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ WJ/370

Element in

Variations

  • aba- ✧ WJ/371

abá

don’t

Cognates

  • Q. áva “don’t, negative imperative” ✧ WJ/371

Element in

Adûnaic

particle. don’t

A particle glossed “don’t” in the phrase bâ kitabdahê “Don’t touch me!”. It may be a derivative of the Elvish root ᴹ√AB “refuse, deny, say no”, as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL/Adûnaic). Carl Hostetter and Patrick Wynne suggested (VSH/25, AAD/13) it is an example of the optative mood mentioned by Tolkien SD/439, where “optative” is an expression of a desire or wish. If so, it expresses a negative wish. A positive wish might be expressed by the particle du.

Cognates

  • Q. “will not, do not, shall not”
  • S. baw “no, do not!”
  • T. “I will not, Do not!”

Derivations

  • BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart”

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ SD/250

Primitive elvish

adverb. behind

Derivatives

  • Q. “before (of time); at back (of place), before (of time); at back (of place); [ᴹQ.] yester-; [ᴱQ.] after (of place), behind; after (only of time); than”
  • ᴺS. nui “before (of time); [G.] afterwards, again, later”
Primitive elvish [VT47/34] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lā-

verb. to not be

Derivations

  • LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/153

Derivatives

  • Q. lá- “to not be” ✧ PE22/153; PE22/153; VT49/13
  • ᴺS. lae- “to not be”

Element in

Variations

  • la ✧ PE22/140
  • ✧ PE22/153
Primitive elvish [PE22/140; PE22/153; VT49/13] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nō/ono

root. beget, give birth to; be born, beget, give birth to; be born; [ᴱ√] become

This root was associated with Elvish words for “birth” for most of Tolkien’s life. It first appeared as ᴱ√ “become, be born” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. nosta- “give birth to; cause” and ᴱQ. nosse “folk, kin, people” (QL/66). Likewise in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon there was G. nosta- “am born” and G. nothri “family, kinship” (GL/61), and in the Name Lists for to The Fall of Gondolin (NFG), G. nos was used as the equivalent of ᴱQ. nosse (PE15/22, 24). Both Q. nossë and S. nos(s) appeared regularly in Tolkien’s later writings.

In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave ᴹ√NŌ/ONO “beget” as an invertible root, with derivatives of the inverted form including ᴹQ. onta- “beget, create” and N. odhron “parent” (Ety/NŌ, ONO). The invertible root appeared regularly in Tolkien’s later writings, usually with the sense “beget” but in one place also glossed “be born” (PE17/170).

Derivatives

  • nōrē “kindred, race” ✧ PE17/026; PE17/106; PE17/107; PE17/169; WJ/413
    • Q. nórë “land, country; †people, race, tribe, land, country, [ᴹQ.] region where certain people live, [ᴱQ.] nation; [Q.] †people, race, tribe, [ᴹQ.] folk, [ᴱQ.] family” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107; PE17/169; WJ/413
  • nōse “race, tribe, people” ✧ PE17/169
    • Q. nos(së) “kindred, family, kindred, family, [ᴹQ.] clan, ‘house’, [ᴱQ.] folk, kin, people”
  • ᴺQ. “design”
  • Q. nóna “born”
  • Q. nos(së) “kindred, family, kindred, family, [ᴹQ.] clan, ‘house’, [ᴱQ.] folk, kin, people” ✧ PE17/111
  • Q. nosta- “to beget, be begotten, to beget, [ᴱQ.] give birth to; [Q.] to be begotten, *be born [impersonal]; [ᴱQ.] to cause” ✧ PE17/111; PE17/170
  • Q. nostar “parent, begetter, *ancestor; parent, begetter” ✧ PE17/111
  • Q. onna “child, child, *offspring; [ᴹQ.] creature” ✧ PE17/170; PE17/170
  • Q. onta- “to beget, to beget, *conceive (a child); [ᴹQ.] to create” ✧ PE17/170
  • ᴺS. enia- “to be born, be generated, result”
  • S. nos(s) “family, kindred, clan, house; race, tribe, people” ✧ PE17/169
    • Wes. nas “people” ✧ PM/320
  • S. onna- “*to birth, give birth to” ✧ WJ/387

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/026; PE17/168
  • ONO/NŌ ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107; PE17/170; PE17/171
  • ONO ✧ PE17/111; WJ/387; WJ/413
  • NO/NŌ ✧ PE17/168
  • (o)nō ✧ PE17/169
  • ON/NO ✧ PE17/170
  • on/no ✧ VT48/25
Primitive elvish [PE17/026; PE17/106; PE17/107; PE17/111; PE17/168; PE17/169; PE17/170; PE17/171; VT48/25; WJ/387; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ala

root. no, not; negative; not to be

la

root. no, not; negative; not to be

An invertible root, √LA or √ALA, used for negation. Its earliest iteration was as the primitive negative prefix ᴱ✶ḷ- from the 1910s (GL/50; PE12/11; QL/97). Its first appearance as ᴹ√LA “no, not” was in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LA), and it regularly appeared in documents from the 1930s, 40s and 50s. Tolkien then abandoned this form of negation in 1959 (PE17/143), but restored it again around 1969 (PE22/160) only to abandon it again shortly after (VT44/4). For a full history of Tolkien’s shifting conceptions of negation in Elvish, see the Quenya entry on the negative.

Derivatives

  • lā- “to not be” ✧ PE22/153
    • Q. lá- “to not be” ✧ PE22/153; PE22/153; VT49/13
    • ᴺS. lae- “to not be”
  • Q. al(a)- “in-, un-, not; †-less, without” ✧ PE22/153; VT42/33
  • Q. ala- “to deny”
  • Q. la- “not, in-, un-”
  • Q. lá- “to not be” ✧ PE22/156; VT42/33; VT49/13
  • Q. “no, not” ✧ PE22/153; VT42/33
  • ᴺQ. lana “no, not any, not (a); none”
  • S. al- “no, not”
  • ᴺS. lad “nothing, zero”
  • ᴺS. law “not”

Variations

  • AL ✧ PE17/143 (AL); PE17/146; PE22/140
  • al ✧ PE18/088; PE22/140; VT42/32 (al)
  • la ✧ PE18/088; VT42/32 (la)
  • ✧ PE22/140
  • ✧ PE22/153
  • ALA ✧ PE22/153
  • (A)LA ✧ PE22/156
  • ala ✧ VT42/33; VT49/13
  • al/la ✧ VT48/25
Primitive elvish [PE17/143; PE17/146; PE17/158; PE18/084; PE18/088; PE22/140; PE22/153; PE22/156; VT42/32; VT42/33; VT48/25; VT49/13] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

interjection. no

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ “no, not” ✧ Ety/MŪ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ > [mū]✧ Ety/MŪ
Noldorin [EtyAC/MŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

no

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

Noldorin [Ety/378, etc.] Group: SINDICT. Published by

no

preposition. under

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. nu “under” ✧ Ety/NU

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NU/UNU “*down, under” ✧ Ety/NU

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NŪ̆ > no[nu] > [no]✧ Ety/NU

noun. thigh

A word for “thigh” in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in the (deleted) entry for the root ᴹ√ÑGŌ̆W (EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. noa “thigh” ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W

Derivations

  • On. ñgoe “thigh” ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W
    • ᴹ√ÑGOW “*thigh” ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. ñgoe > [ŋgoe] > [nō]✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W

Variations

  • ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W ()
Noldorin [EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nu

preposition. under

With suffixed article, see also nuin

Noldorin [Ety/378, etc.] Group: SINDICT. Published by

al-

prefix. no, not

Noldorin [Ety/367] Group: SINDICT. Published by

al-

prefix. no, not

@@@ the phrase “the only place in Noldorin where the primitive prefix is preserved” was deleted (EtyAC/AR²)

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. il- “no, not” ✧ Ety/LA

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶al “without”
    • ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ Ety/AR²
  • ᴹ✶la- “no, not, negative prefix” ✧ Ety/LA
    • ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA

Element in

  • N. Alchorin “Not-of-Kôr” ✧ Ety/LA

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶la- > al[la-] > [al-]✧ Ety/LA

Variations

  • al ✧ Ety/LA

nuin

preposition. under the

Noldorin [Ety/378, etc.] nu+i. Group: SINDICT. Published by

edonna-

verb. to beget

Noldorin [Ety/379] ed+*onna-. Group: SINDICT. Published by

adel

preposition. behind, in rear (of)

Noldorin [Ety/392] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Undetermined

bel

place name. ?

Element in

Variations

  • bel ✧ RC/018 (S. bel)
  • Bel- ✧ UT/247
Undetermined [RC/018; UT/247; VT42/15] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive adûnaic

nak

root. ?

An otherwise unexplained root that Tolkien used to illustrate the processes of Primitive Adûnaic word formation (SD/422-3). It may have no real meaning. Even if it were, certainly only a few of its derivatives could be real words in Classical Adûnaic.

Variations

  • NAK- ✧ SD/422
Primitive adûnaic [SD/422; SD/423] Group: Eldamo. Published by

asad

root. ?

An otherwise unexplained root Tolkien gave to illustrate a pronunciation example (SD/421). It may not be a real root. If it is real, it is either a biconsonantal-root with vowel-prefixion or a triconsonantal-root with a lost initial consonant such as ] or ].

Derivatives

  • Ad. asdi “[unglossed]” ✧ SD/421
Primitive adûnaic [SD/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sapad

root. ?

An otherwise unexplained root Tolkien gave to illustrate a pronunciation example. It may not be a real root.

Derivatives

  • Ad. sapda “[unglossed]” ✧ SD/421
Primitive adûnaic [SD/421] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

no

preposition. under

noa

noun. thigh

A word for “thigh” in The Etymologies of the 1930s appearing in the (deleted) entry for the root ᴹ√ÑGŌ̆W (EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W).

Cognates

  • N. “thigh” ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W
  • On. ñgoe “thigh” ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ÑGOW “*thigh” ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÑGŌ̆W > noa[ŋgowa] > [ŋgoa] > [ŋoa] > [noa]✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W

Variations

  • noa ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W (noa)
Qenya [EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nu

preposition. under

Cognates

  • N. no “under” ✧ Ety/NU

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NU/UNU “*down, under” ✧ Ety/NU

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NŪ̆ > no[nu] > [no]✧ Ety/NU

Variations

  • no ✧ Ety/NU
  • nau ✧ EtyAC/NU
Qenya [Ety/NU; EtyAC/NU; LR/047; LR/056; SD/246; SD/310] Group: Eldamo. Published by

il-

prefix. no, not

Cognates

  • N. al- “no, not” ✧ Ety/LA

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶la- “no, not, negative prefix” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA
    • ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA

Element in

  • ᴹQ. ilfirin “immortal”
  • ᴹQ. Ilkorin “Not of Kôr” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA (Ilkorin)

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶la- > il[ḷ-] > [il-]✧ Ety/LA
ᴹ✶la > > > il[ḷ-] > [il-]✧ EtyAC/LA

Variations

  • il ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA (il)
Qenya [Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lala

adverb. no, not

adverb. no, not

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LA > [lā]✧ Ety/LA

Variations

  • ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA ()
  • lala ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA (lala)
  • la ✧ PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/122
Qenya [Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/122] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lá-

verb. to not be

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ PE22/126

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ > [lā-]✧ PE22/126

Variations

  • la ✧ PE22/121; PE22/126; PE22/127
  • ✧ PE22/126
Qenya [PE22/106; PE22/119; PE22/121; PE22/126; PE22/127] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ná-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “be, exist” ✧ Ety/NĀ²
  • ᴹ✶ “was; then, ago” ✧ PE22/096

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NĀ² > [nā]✧ Ety/NĀ²
ᴹ✶nḗ > [nē]✧ PE22/096

Variations

  • ✧ Ety/NĀ²
Qenya [Ety/NĀ²; PE22/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tiuko

noun. thigh

Cognates

  • ᴺS. tŷg “thigh”

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶tiukō “thigh” ✧ Ety/TIW
    • ᴹ√TIW “fat, thick” ✧ Ety/TIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶tiu̯kō > tiuko[tiukō] > [tiuko]✧ Ety/TIW

ye-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ “to be” ✧ PE22/123

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YE > [jē]✧ PE22/123

Variations

  • ✧ PE22/123 ()
Qenya [LR/072; PE22/011; PE22/107; PE22/115; PE22/117; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lau(me)

adverb. no, no indeed not, on the contrary

Elements

WordGloss
“no, not”
um-“to not be, to not do”

Variations

  • lau ✧ Ety/LA
  • laume ✧ Ety/LA

kiuka

noun. thigh

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶kiukā “thigh” ✧ PE19/054
    • ᴹ√KIWIK “*thigh” ✧ PE19/054

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶kiukā > ciuca[kiukā] > [kiuka]✧ PE19/054

Variations

  • ciuca ✧ PE19/054

tyúka

noun. thigh

Old Noldorin 

ñgoe

noun. thigh

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. noa “thigh” ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ÑGOW “*thigh” ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W

Derivatives

  • N. “thigh” ✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÑGŌ̆W > ñgoe[ŋgōw] > [ŋgoe]✧ EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W
Old Noldorin [EtyAC/ÑGŌ̆W] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

root. no, not

Changes

  • GŪ/GUMU ✧ Ety/GŪ

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶gū̆- “no, not” ✧ Ety/GŪ
    • ᴹQ. ú- “not, un-, in-” ✧ Ety/GŪ; Ety/UGU
    • N. ú- “un, bad-” ✧ Ety/UGU
  • ᴹ√UMU “negative stems” ✧ Ety/UGU; Ety/GŪ
    • ᴹ✶gū̆- “no, not” ✧ Ety/UGU
    • ᴹQ. ú- “not, un-, in-” ✧ Ety/GŪ; Ety/UGU
    • N. ú- “un, bad-” ✧ Ety/UGU
    • ᴹQ. um- “to not be, to not do” ✧ Ety/LA; Ety/UGU
    • ᴹQ. úmea “evil” ✧ EtyAC/UGU
    • ᴺS. ummas “evil”
  • ᴹQ. ú- “not, un-, in-” ✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ
  • ᴹQ. um- “to not be, to not do” ✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ
  • N. “no” ✧ Ety/MŪ

Element in

  • ᴹ√UMU “negative stems” ✧ Ety/UGU; Ety/UGU

Variations

  • ✧ Ety/MŪ; Ety/UGU
  • GŪ/GUMU ✧ EtyAC/GŪ (GŪ/GUMU)
  • ƷŪ ✧ EtyAC/ƷŪ (ƷŪ)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GŪ; Ety/MŪ; Ety/UGU; EtyAC/GŪ; EtyAC/ƷŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gū̆-

interjection. no, not

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ “no, not” ✧ Ety/GŪ
  • ᴹ√UMU “negative stems” ✧ Ety/UGU
    • ᴹ√ “no, not” ✧ Ety/UGU; Ety/GŪ

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ú- “not, un-, in-” ✧ Ety/GŪ; Ety/UGU
  • N. ú- “un, bad-” ✧ Ety/UGU

Variations

  • ugu/gū ✧ Ety/UGU
  • gū- ✧ EtyAC/GŪ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GŪ; Ety/UGU; EtyAC/GŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nō/ono

root. beget

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶onrō ✧ Ety/ONO
    • N. odhril “parent (f.)” ✧ Ety/ONO
    • N. odhron “parent” ✧ Ety/ONO
  • ᴹ✶ontā́ro “begetter, parent” ✧ Ety/ONO
    • ᴹQ. ontaro “begetter, parent” ✧ Ety/ONO
  • ᴹQ. nóre “land, country, region where certain people live; clan, race, folk, kindred” ✧ Ety/NDOR; Ety/NŌ
  • ᴹQ. nosse “clan, family, ‘house’” ✧ Ety/NŌ
  • ᴹQ. ontare “begetter, parent (f.)” ✧ Ety/ONO
  • ᴹQ. onna “creature” ✧ Ety/ONO
  • ᴹQ. onta- “to beget, create” ✧ Ety/ONO
  • N. noss “clan, family, ‘house’” ✧ Ety/NŌ
  • N. nûr “race” ✧ Ety/NŌ
  • N. onna- “?to beget, make born” ✧ Ety/ONO
  • N. ûn “creature” ✧ Ety/ONO
  • On. nūre ✧ Ety/THEL
  • On. nūro ✧ Ety/NŌ

Element in

  • ᴹ✶ednōno “firstborn” ✧ Ety/NŌ (ednōno/edenono/ennos)
  • ᴹ✶wanōrō “one of kin” ✧ Ety/TOR
  • ᴹQ. onóne “kinswoman; sister” ✧ Ety/NŌ; Ety/THEL
  • ᴹQ. onóro “kinsman; brother” ✧ Ety/NŌ
  • N. odhril “parent (f.)”
  • N. odhron “parent”

Variations

  • ✧ Ety/NŌ; Ety/ONO; Ety/TOR
  • ONO ✧ Ety/NŌ; Ety/ONO
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/NDOR; Ety/NŌ; Ety/ONO; Ety/THEL; Ety/TOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eʒ-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ “be”

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ea- “to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world” ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122

Variations

  • eʒe ✧ PE22/122
  • eñe ✧ PE22/122
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/122] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tiukō

noun. thigh

Derivations

  • ᴹ√TIW “fat, thick” ✧ Ety/TIW

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. tiuko “thigh” ✧ Ety/TIW

Variations

  • tiu̯kō ✧ Ety/TIW
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TIW; EtyAC/TIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

root. to be

Changes

  • YEĒ “to be” ✧ PE22/122

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ye- “to be” ✧ PE22/123
  • ᴹQ. -ie “stative suffix” ✧ EtyAC/YĒ

Variations

  • Ī ✧ EtyAC/YĒ
  • I ✧ PE18/060
  • YE ✧ PE18/084 (YE); PE22/123 (YE)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/YĒ; PE18/060; PE18/084; PE22/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ē

root. to be

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

ī

root. to be

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

ala

root. no, not; to be not

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

la

root. no, not; to be not

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶al “without” ✧ Ety/AR²
    • N. al- “no, not”
  • ᴹ✶la- “no, not, negative prefix” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA
    • ᴹQ. al(a)- “not, negative prefix” ✧ PE19/056
    • ᴹQ. il- “no, not” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA
    • N. al- “no, not” ✧ Ety/LA
  • ᴹQ. al(a)- “not, negative prefix” ✧ EtyAC/ALA; EtyAC/LA
  • ᴹQ. lá- “to not be” ✧ PE22/126
  • ᴹQ. “no, not” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA
  • ᴹQ. lala- “to deny” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA

Element in

  • ᴹQ. [[mq|laqe[t]-]] “[unglossed]” ✧ EtyAC/LA (laqe[t])

Variations

  • ALA ✧ EtyAC/ALA (ALA); EtyAC/LA (ALA); EtyAC/LA (ALA); PE22/126
  • ✧ EtyAC/ALA (); PE22/126
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AR²; Ety/LA; EtyAC/ALA; EtyAC/LA; PE18/060; PE22/126] Group: Eldamo. Published by

la-

prefix. no, not, negative prefix

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. al(a)- “not, negative prefix” ✧ PE19/056
  • ᴹQ. il- “no, not” ✧ Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA
  • N. al- “no, not” ✧ Ety/LA

Element in

  • N. Alchorin “Not-of-Kôr” ✧ EtyAC/LA (Alchoron)

Variations

  • ✧ Ety/LA
  • l ✧ EtyAC/LA
  • la ✧ EtyAC/LA (la)
  • ✧ PE19/056
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LA; EtyAC/LA; PE19/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

root. be

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶eʒ- “to be”
    • ᴹQ. ea- “to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world” ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122
  • ᴹQ. ea- “to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world” ✧ PE19/048
  • ᴹQ. enge “ago, once (in past), †it was” ✧ PE19/048

Variations

  • Ē ✧ PE22/122
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/048; PE22/122] Group: Eldamo. Published by

karpa

root. ?

Derivatives

Variations

  • karpa ✧ PE18/066
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE18/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kiukā

noun. thigh

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KIWIK “*thigh” ✧ PE19/054

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kiuka “thigh” ✧ PE19/054
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE19/054] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

no

adverb. then, next, again; then, after(wards)

Cognates

  • Eq. “after (of place), behind; after (only of time); than”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NO(WO) “ahead, in front; after of time, tomorrow”

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ GL/61
Gnomish [GL/51; GL/61] Group: Eldamo. Published by

na-

verb. to be

Changes

  • nithi ✧ GL/58

Cognates

  • Eq. ná- “to be, exist”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ “be, exist”

Element in

Variations

  • na-¹ ✧ GL/58
  • ni ✧ GL/58 (ni)
Gnomish [GG/09; GL/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ub

adjective. no, none

Derivations

  • ᴱ√Ū “not”

untha

adverb/adjective. no, none

Derivations

  • ᴱ√Ū “not”

u

adverb. no, not, nor

Derivations

  • ᴱ√Ū “not”

Element in

Variations

  • u – u ✧ GL/73
Gnomish [GL/47; GL/52; GL/53; GL/73] Group: Eldamo. Published by

a-

prefix. ?

Element in

  • G. abair “victory”
  • G. abont “back; backwards”
  • G. aglar “glory”
  • G. agrech “contempt”
  • G. agrectha- “to despise, contemn”
  • G. arog “swift, rushing, torrential”
  • G. alewthion “having fingers”
  • G. alepthog “fingered, having fingers”
  • G. amabwed “having hands”
  • G. abod “again; in return, in exchange; back”

Variations

  • ✧ GL/17

Early Noldorin

hanach

?. ?

Element in

Early Noldorin [MC/217] Group: Eldamo. Published by

túd

noun. thigh

A word for “thigh” in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶teutá (PE13/154).

Cognates

  • Eq. tyú(ta) “thigh” ✧ PE13/154
  • Et. túta “thigh” ✧ PE13/154

Derivations

Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Solosimpi

túta

noun. thigh

Cognates

  • En. túd “thigh” ✧ PE13/154

Derivations

Solosimpi [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

root. become, be born

Derivatives

  • Eq. nó- “to be born, become” ✧ QL/066
  • Eq. nóre “(native) land, nation, family, country” ✧ LT1A/Valinor; QL/066
  • Eq. nosse “folk, kin, people” ✧ LT1A/Valinor; QL/066
  • Eq. nosta “birth, birthday” ✧ LT1A/Valinor; QL/066
  • Eq. nosta- “to give birth to; to cause” ✧ LT1A/Valinor; QL/066
  • G. nosta- “to be born”
  • G. nos “kin, people”
  • G. nothri “family, kinship”
  • G. nothrin “highborn noble”
  • G. nost “birth; blood, high birth; birthday”
  • G. nuin “born”
  • G. nôs “birthday; nature”
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Valinor; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ū

root. not

Derivatives

  • G. untha “no, none”
  • G. u- “negative prefix”
  • G. û- “not to be, not to do”
  • G. u “no, not, nor”
  • G. ug- “negative verb”
  • G. ub “no, none”
  • G. unt “nothing”

Element in

  • ᴱ√UMU “*negative” ✧ QL/098

Variations

  • Ū- ✧ QL/096
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/096; QL/098] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ū

root. under

The root ᴱ√Ū⁽¹⁾ “under” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as a reduced form of {ᴱ√UGU >>} ᴱ√UƷU, with derivatives like ᴱQ. ū “beneath” and ᴱQ. umbe “dale, dell” (QL/96-97). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. um⁽⁾ “lowlying” and G. umbel “a dell” (GL/74). Tolkien noted that ᴱ√Ū also meant “not”, and contrasted ᴱ√Ū¹ “under” with ᴱ√ (ᴱ√NUHU) of similar meaning (QL/68, 96). Indeed, in Tolkien’s later writings, √NŪ/UNU was the usual basis for “under” words, and ᴱ√Ū¹ “under” seems to have been abandoned.

Changes

  • UGUUƷU ✧ QL/096

Derivatives

  • Eq. umbe “dale, dell” ✧ QL/096
  • Eq. ú “beneath” ✧ QL/096
  • Eq. úva “the under” ✧ QL/096
  • G. ûthi “outside”
  • G. uf “out of, forth, from”
  • G. um “lowlying”
  • G. ûtha- “to emit; to issue”

Variations

  • UƷU ✧ QL/096
  • UGU ✧ QL/097 (UGU)
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/096; QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ī

root. be

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶-ya “present” ✧ PE16/140
  • Eq. e- “to be” ✧ PE16/140

Variations

  • ī ✧ PE16/140
Early Primitive Elvish [PE16/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

no

preposition. under

no

adverb. then, next (of time); upon

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NO(WO) “ahead, in front; after of time, tomorrow” ✧ QL/066

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√NŌ/NOWO‽/NONO‽ > no[no]✧ QL/066

Variations

  • no ✧ MC/214; QL/067
  • (en)no ✧ PE14/059
Early Quenya [MC/214; PE14/059; QL/067] Group: Eldamo. Published by

preposition. after (of place), behind; after (only of time); than

Cognates

  • G. no “then, next, again; then, after(wards)”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NO(WO) “ahead, in front; after of time, tomorrow” ✧ QL/066

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√NŌ/NOWO‽/NONO‽ > nō̆[nō]✧ QL/066

Variations

  • no ✧ PE14/048; PE14/081; PE15/32; PE15/68; PE15/70; PE15/78
  • nō̆ ✧ QL/066
Early Quenya [PE14/048; PE14/081; PE15/32; PE15/68; PE15/70; PE15/78; QL/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nu

preposition. under

Derivations

  • ᴱ√NUHU “bow, bend down, stoop, sink”

Element in

Variations

  • no ✧ PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074 (no)
Early Quenya [MC/214; PE16/062; PE16/072; PE16/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ó-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴱ√Ō “be, exist” ✧ QL/069

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√Ō > ō-[ō-]✧ QL/069

Variations

  • ō- ✧ QL/069
Early Quenya [QL/069] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enken

adverb. then

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

entan

adverb. then

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyen

adverb. then

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

e-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴱ√Ī “be” ✧ PE16/140

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/054; PE14/057; PE16/062; PE16/066; PE16/140; PE16/141; PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tyú(ta)

noun. thigh

Cognates

  • En. túd “thigh” ✧ PE13/154

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶teutá > tyúta[teutā] > [tʲūta]✧ PE13/154
ᴱ√TYU > Tyû[tʲū]✧ QL/050

Variations

  • tyúta ✧ PE13/154
  • tyū ✧ PME/050; PME/093; QL/093
  • Tyû ✧ QL/050
Early Quenya [PE13/154; PME/050; PME/093; QL/050; QL/093] Group: Eldamo. Published by