Quenya 

ne

that

ne (2) conj. "that" (as in "I know that you are here") (PE14:54), evidently replaced by i in Tolkiens later Quenya (see i #3).

ne

scent

ne (1) noun (or root?) "scent" (PE17:100)

ne

ne

ne (3) ??? = n- in n-alalmino (Narqelion)

-ne

i love

#-ne (4) "I", a 1st person pronominal suffix occurring in the word melánë "I love" (LR:61), but Tolkien later used -n or -nyë for this meaning (melin "I love", VT49:21). It may be that Tolkien at one point considered ne (or nye, inyë) as an independent emphatic pronoun "I", but this was struck out (VT49:49).

verb. was

was

Quenya [PE 19:48] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

was

vb. "was"; see #1. Also used as interjection "yes" when the meaning is "it was so, it was as you say/ask" (VT49:31). Pl. nér "were", dual nét (VT49:30). Nésë "he was" (VT49:29), though Tolkien elsewhere stated that did not "take any inflection of person" (VT49:31), pronominal endings rather being added to ane- (the form anes *he was" is attested). Anda né "long ago" (VT49:31).

was

vb. in pa.t. "was"; see #1.

adverb. ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)

Cognates

  • T. “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)” ✧ VT49/31

Derivations

  • -nē “past tense” ✧ VT49/30

Element in

  • Q. néya “once, at one time” ✧ VT49/31

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> [nē]✧ VT49/30

Variations

  • ✧ VT49/31

-nyë

i do

-nyë, 1st person sg. pronominal suffix "I"; also short form -n (q.v.). Carin or carinyë *"I do" (VT49:16). With object -s following in utúvienyes "I have found it" (see tuv-). It may be that Tolkien at one point considered nye (or ne, inyë) as an independent emphatic pronoun "I", but this was struck out (VT49:49).

ane-

was

#ane-, form of copula "was" when pronominal endings follow: anen "I was", anel "you were", anes "(s)he/it was" (VT49:28, 29); see #1.

nánë

was

nánë vb. "was", náner "were"; see #1

imi

in

imi prep. "in"; see mi (VT43:30)

imi

preposition. in, in, [ᴱQ.] inside

mi

preposition. in, in, [ᴹQ.] within

Cognates

  • S. mi “*in”

Derivations

  • “in, within” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30
    • MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30
  • MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ VT43/30

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> [mi]✧ PE17/092
mi > imi[imi]✧ VT43/30
mi > mi[mi]✧ VT43/30
> [mi]✧ VT47/30

Variations

  • ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30
  • ✧ RGEO/58; VT49/35
  • imi ✧ VT43/30
  • mil ✧ VT43/30 (mil)
Quenya [LotR/0377; PE17/063; PE17/071; PE17/092; RGEO/58; UT/305; UT/317; VT43/13; VT43/30; VT43/36; VT44/18; VT44/34; VT47/30; VT49/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ëa-

verb. to be, exist, to be, exist, [ᴹQ.] have being, be found extant in the real world

Derivations

  • “be, exist” ✧ PE22/147; VT49/28
  • eñ- “to exist” ✧ PE22/166; VT49/29; VT49/29
    • “be, exist”

Element in

  • Q. ar i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa tennoio “and of the One who is above all thrones for ever” ✧ UT/305
  • Q. Átaremma i ëa han Eä “our Father who art in Heaven” ✧ VT43/13; VT43/14
  • Q. “Creation, the (Material) Universe, Cosmos, World; it is, let it be, Creation, the (Material) Universe, Cosmos, †World; it is, let it be, [ᴹQ.] all that is”
  • Q. ëala “being, spirit (not incarnate)”
  • ᴺQ. ëasta “being, existence”
  • Q. Eru fai, sî, euva “*Eru (was) before, (is) now, will be (after)” ✧ PE22/147
  • Q. tambë engë i et... “as it was [in] the [beginning]...” ✧ VT43/38

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
EŊE > [eŋa] > [eɣa] > [ea]✧ PE22/147
eŋa > ëa[eŋa] > [eɣa] > [ea]✧ PE22/166
eŋe > ëa[eŋa] > [eɣa] > [ea]✧ VT49/28
eŋe > ea[eŋa] > [eɣa] > [ea]✧ VT49/29
e-ēŋiı̯ē > ēŋie > ēiı̯ē > éye[ēŋijē] > [ēɣijē] > [ēijē] > [ējē] > [ēje]✧ VT49/29

Variations

  • ✧ PE22/147
  • ëa ✧ PE22/166
  • ea ✧ VT49/29
Quenya [PE17/074; PE22/147; PE22/152; PE22/166; S/020; UT/305; UT/317; VT39/06; VT39/07; VT43/13; VT43/14; VT43/38; VT49/28; VT49/29; VT49/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enge

adverb. ago

ago, once, in the past

Quenya [PE 19:48 PE 19:96] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

engë

was

engë vb. "was", "existed", past tense of ëa, q.v. (VT43:38, VT49:29)

ná-

verb. to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist

Changes

  • nāner ✧ VT49/09
  • nārnăr ✧ VT49/30

Cognates

  • Ad. -n “predicate suffix”
  • S. na- “to be”

Derivations

  • “be (the same as another), exist” ✧ PE17/093

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
> [nā]✧ PE17/093

Variations

  • ✧ LotR/0377; PE17/090; PE17/093; PE22/154; PE22/167; VT42/33; VT49/09; VT49/23
  • na ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT; PE17/057; PE17/074; PE17/074; PE17/090; PE17/162; VT43/13; VT43/30
  • ✧ PE17/058; RGEO/59; VT49/09 (); VT49/28; VT49/30
  • nā- ✧ PE22/166; VT49/27; VT49/28 (nā-)
  • nā̀ ✧ RGEO/58
  • ✧ RGEO/60
  • nā̆ ✧ VT49/30
  • nār ✧ VT49/30 (nār)
Quenya [LotR/0377; Minor-Doc/1955-CT; PE17/057; PE17/058; PE17/059; PE17/074; PE17/090; PE17/093; PE17/126; PE17/162; PE22/154; PE22/158; PE22/166; PE22/167; PE22/168; RGEO/58; RGEO/59; RGEO/60; VT42/33; VT42/34; VT43/13; VT43/14; VT43/15; VT43/16; VT43/23; VT43/30; VT43/34; VT44/34; VT49/09; VT49/10; VT49/19; VT49/23; VT49/27; VT49/28; VT49/29; VT49/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sana

that

Quenya [PE 22:116] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

tana

that

tana (1) demonstrative "that" (said to be "anaphoric") (TA). According to VT49:11, tana is the adjective corresponding to ta, "that" as a pronoun.

tana

that

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
ta“that, there, that, there, [ᴹQ.] it”

Variations

  • tănā ✧ VT49/11

yana

that

yana demonstrative "that" (the former) (YA)

tanya

that

tanya demonstrative "that" (MC:215; this is "Qenya", perhaps corresponding to later tana)

i, antevokaliskt in

conjunction. that

Quenya [PE 22:118] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

mi

in, within

mi prep. "in, within" (MI, VT27:20, VT44:18, 34, VT43:30; the latter source also mentions the variant imi); "in the" (Nam, RGEO:66; CO gives mi; the correct forms should evidently be mi = "in" and = mi i "in the"; VT49:35 also has with a long vowel, though the gloss is simply "in"). Used in PE17:71 (cf. 70) of people clad "in" various colours, e.g. mi mísë "in grey". Allative minna "to the inside, into" (MI), also mina (VT43:30). The forms mimmë and mingwë seem to incorporate pronominal suffixes for "us", hence ?"in us", inclusive and exclusive respectively. The pronoun -mmë denoted plural inclusive "we" when this was written, though Tolkien would later make it dual instead (see -mmë). Second person forms are also given: mil or milyë *"in you" (sg.), millë "in you" (pl.) (VT43:36). A special use of mi appears in the phrase Wendë mi Wenderon "Virgin of Virgins" (VT44:18); here mi appears superfluous to achieve the desired meaning, but this combination of singular noun + mi + plural genitive noun may be seen as a fixed idiom expressing that the initial noun represents the most prominent member of a class.

n-alalmino

n-alalmino

n-alalmino ??? (twice in Narqelion; perhaps ne + alalmino)

savin elessar ar <u>i</u> nánë aran ondórëo

that

i (3) conj. "that". Savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo "I believe that Elessar really existed and that [he] was a king of Gondor" (VT49:27), savin…i E[lesarno] quetië naitë *"I believe that Elessars speaking [is] true" (VT49:28) Also cf. nai, nái "be it that" (see nai #1), which may seem to incorporate this conjunction.

auta

particle. ago

Quenya [PE 22:168] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

auta

adverb. ago

Derivations

  • WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE22/168

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
awa > auta[auta]✧ PE22/168

i

pronoun. that

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

sa

conjunction. that

Quenya [PE 22:119] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

ta

that, it

ta (1) pron. "that, it" (TA); compare antaróta** "he gave it" (FS); see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna "thither", talo/ "thence" and tás/tassë* "there" are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: "to that", "from that" and "in that" (place), respectively. Compare "there" as one gloss of ta (see #4).

vanwalussë

noun. past tense

A neologism coined by Luinyelle and Orondil on 2023-08-10, a combination of vanwa “past” and [ᴺQ.] lussë “(verb) tense”.

Elements

WordGloss
vanwa“gone, lost, departed, vanished, past, over, no longer to be had, passed away, dead, gone, lost, departed, vanished, past, over, no longer to be had, passed away, dead, [ᴹQ.] gone for good; [ᴱQ.] on the road”
lussë“(verb) tense”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

ned

preposition. (uncertain meaning) in, of (about time, e.g. giving a date)

[Another possible interpretation: "another, one more" (related to Q. net(e)), VT/47:40]

Sindarin [SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mi

preposition. *in

Changes

  • mivi “*in” ✧ VT50/18

Cognates

  • Q. mi “in, in, [ᴹQ.] within”

Derivations

  • “in, within”
    • MI/IMI “in, within, [ᴹ√] inside” ✧ PE17/092; VT47/30

Element in

Variations

  • vi ✧ VT50/18; VT50/19
Sindarin [PE22/165; VT44/22; VT44/27; VT50/18; VT50/19] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vi

preposition. in

Sindarin [VT/44:21,27] Group: SINDICT. Published by

vi

preposition. in

han

that

pl1. hain _pron. _that, the thing previously mentioned. Tolkien notes "hain = heinn (< san-)" (PE17:42). Im Narvi hain echant 'I Narvi made them'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:42] < pl1. _hein_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

men

pronoun. us

Sindarin [ammen LotR/II:IV, LB/354, tiro men VT/45:37] Group: SINDICT. Published by

men

pronoun. us

Changes

  • menmín ✧ VT44/28
  • mí nimín ✧ VT44/28

Derivations

  • me “1st-pl-exclusive pronoun”

Element in

Variations

  • men ✧ LB/354; PE17/038; VT44/22 (men); VT44/27
  • mín ✧ VT44/28
  • mí ni ✧ VT44/28 (mí ni)
Sindarin [LB/354; PE17/038; VT44/22; VT44/27; VT44/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

na-

verb. to be

Changes

  • dôddád ✧ VT44/22
  • dádhae ✧ VT44/22
  • haeno ✧ VT44/24

Cognates

  • Q. ná- “to be, to be, [ᴱQ.] exist”

Derivations

  • “be (the same as another), exist”

Element in

Variations

  • dôd ✧ VT44/22 (dôd)
  • dád ✧ VT44/22 (dád)
  • hae ✧ VT44/22 (hae)
Sindarin [VT44/22; VT44/24; VT50/23] Group: Eldamo. Published by

san

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • san- “that” ✧ PE17/042

Element in

Sindarin [LotR/0305; PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

min-

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

Sindarin [Minhiriath LotR/Map, VT/47:11,14] Group: SINDICT. Published by

mín

pronoun. us

Sindarin [VT/44:21,28] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ammen

pronoun. of us, for us, toward us

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV, LB/354, VT/44:21,27] an+men. Group: SINDICT. Published by

mîn

preposition. (in) between (referring to a gap, space, barrier or anything intervening between two other things)

Sindarin [Minhiriath LotR/Map, VT/47:11,14] Group: SINDICT. Published by

i

that

(+ soft mutation), basically in in the plural, but often loses the n which is then replaced by nasal mutation of the next consonant (e.g. gyrth i chuinar ”dead that live [cuinar]”, Letters:417). Sometimes i (+ soft mutation) is used in the singular as well. – The form ai (following by lenition) occurs in the phrase di ai gerir ✱”those who do” (VT44:23). Possibly it is a form of the relative pronoun that is used when the previous word ends in -i. Whether ai is both sg. and pl. is unclear; in its one attestation it is followed by a plural verb that is lenited.

ia

ago

ia, io

ia

ago

io

sa

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • sa “3 sg. neuter [it], the thing, impersonal; this by me, [ᴱ√] demonstrative”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

taw

that

(demonstrative pronoun) ?taw. _Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v. _

taw

pronoun. that

Derivations

  • TA “that, there, then; demonstrative”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

taw

that

. Only the ”Old Noldorin” form is actually given in LR:389 s.v.

ne

in

ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129)

ne

in, inside

(prefix) (mid-)

ne

in, inside

ne- (prefix) (mid-)

ne

mid-

ne- (prefix) (in, inside)

ne

mid

(prefix) (in, inside)

in

unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

vi

in

(prep.) 1) vi (VT44:23), with article vin; 2) ne, ned (used of time in the source), possibly followed by hard mutation (SD:129); 3) , unstressed di (beneath, under) (VT45:37). Note: a homophone means ”bride, lady”.

vi

in

(VT44:23), with article vin

mín

us

mín, presumably usually lenited vín (which is also the genitive ”our”); see WE.

mín

us

presumably usually lenited vín (which is also the genitive ”our”); see

ammen

for us, to us, of us

nî-

verb. was

Derivations

  • “was; then, ago, before”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Telerin 

adverb. ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)

Cognates

  • Q. “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)” ✧ VT49/31

Derivations

  • -nē “past tense” ✧ VT49/30

Element in

  • T. andané “long ago, once upon a time” ✧ VT49/31

Variations

  • ✧ VT49/31

Black Speech

ishi

preposition. in, inside

Element in

Black Speech [LotR/0254; PE17/011; PE17/012] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ishi

preposition. in, inside

Usually placed after the noun in Black Speech, c.f. burzum-ishi (darkness-inside).

Black Speech [PE17/11] Published by

Adûnaic

Reconstructed

pronoun. us

A first person plural object pronoun “us” attested only in the prepositional phrase “on us” in the Lament of Akallabêth, developing though the various drafts as nēnum >> nēnu >> nēnud (SD/247, 312). Most authors identify the element as the pronoun (AAD/20, LGtAG, NBA/14), which seems likely since the prepositional element is probably -num/nu/nud related to Q. nu “under”. It is not clear whether this pronoun can also be used as a subject pronoun “we”, or if it must always be an object “us”.

Element in

Variations

  • ✧ SD/247; SD/312; SD/312
Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/312] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

ne

root. scent

A root (?) glossed “scent” appearing in notes on the words and phrases in The Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, serving in its extended form nes- “sweet smelling” as the basis for Q. alanessë and S. galanes > galenas “tobacco” = “✱sweet smelling growth” (PE17/100). It might be connected to ᴹ√NEÑ “✱nose” from The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/NEÑ-WI). Elsewhere the basis for “sweet smelling” seems to be [Q.] nis- (UT/167-8).

Changes

  • ~ene ✧ PE17/100

Derivatives

  • nes- “sweet smelling” ✧ PE17/100

Variations

  • ne ✧ PE17/100
  • ~e ✧ PE17/100 (~e)
Primitive elvish [PE17/100] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adverb. was; then, ago, before

Derivatives

  • ᴺS. nî- “was”
Primitive elvish [PE22/131; VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-nē

preposition. past tense

Derivatives

  • Q. “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)” ✧ VT49/30
  • ᴺS. “once, at one time; was”
  • T. “ago, behind (earlier time); yes (it was so)” ✧ VT49/30

Element in

  • ᴺQ. nessë “past tense, (lit.) nē-ness”

Variations

  • -nē̆ ✧ PE18/101
  • n-ē̆ ✧ PE18/101
  • ✧ PE18/106; VT49/30
  • n-ē ✧ PE22/131
Primitive elvish [PE18/101; PE18/106; PE22/131; VT49/30] Group: Eldamo. Published by

imi

root. in

san-

noun. that

Derivatives

  • S. san “that” ✧ PE17/042
Primitive elvish [PE17/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ne

root. *in

Noldorin 

ne-

prefix. in

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NE “*in”

Element in

  • N. neledh- “*to go in, enter”
  • N. nestag- “to insert, stick in” ✧ Ety/STAK
  • ᴺS. nethan- “to inspire, kindle inside”
Noldorin [Ety/STAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nedh-

prefix. in, inside, mid-

See also the preposition ned , and the noun ened for a discussion of this form

Noldorin [Ety/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nedh-

prefix. mid-

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(E)NED “centre, middle” ✧ Ety/NÉD

Element in

  • ᴺS. nedhor “mid-day, noon”
  • ᴺS. nedhwad “lunch, (lit.) middle-meal”
  • ᴺS. nepheg “mid-point, (lit.) mid-spot”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NÉD > nedh-[ned-] > [neð-]✧ Ety/NÉD
Noldorin [Ety/NÉD] Group: Eldamo. Published by

di

preposition. in

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DI “in” ✧ EtyAC/NDI

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NDI/DI > di[ndi] > [di]✧ EtyAC/NDI
Noldorin [EtyAC/NDI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

men

pronoun. us

Noldorin [ammen LotR/II:IV, LB/354, tiro men VT/45:37] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ia

adverb. ago

Noldorin [Ety/399] Group: SINDICT. Published by

io

adverb. ago

Noldorin [Ety/399] Group: SINDICT. Published by

io

adverb. ago

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. “formerly, ago” ✧ Ety/YA

Derivations

  • ᴹ√YA “there, over there; (of time) back, ago” ✧ Ety/YA

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YA > io[jā] > [jǭ] > [jou] > [jau] > [jo]✧ Ety/YA

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

adverb. ago

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ “was; then, ago” ✧ PE22/096

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶nḗ > [nē]✧ PE22/096

in

pronoun. that

to

preposition. in

Element in

ea-

verb. to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ “be” ✧ PE19/048
  • ᴹ✶eʒ- “to be” ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122
    • ᴹ√ “be”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ > ea[eɣa] > [ea]✧ PE19/048
ᴹ✶e-ñ-ʒe > eñge[eŋɣe] > [eŋge]✧ PE22/122
ᴹ✶ē̆ʒā > ëa[eɣa] > [ea]✧ PE22/122
ᴹ✶eʒyā > ëa[eɣja] > [eja] > [ea]✧ PE22/122

Variations

  • ea ✧ PE19/048; PE22/123
  • ëa ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122
Qenya [PE19/048; PE22/119; PE22/122; PE22/123; PE22/124] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ye-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ “to be” ✧ PE22/123

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√YE > [jē]✧ PE22/123

Variations

  • ✧ PE22/123 ()
Qenya [LR/072; PE22/011; PE22/107; PE22/115; PE22/117; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ná-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NĀ/ANA “be, exist” ✧ Ety/NĀ²
  • ᴹ✶ “was; then, ago” ✧ PE22/096

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NĀ² > [nā]✧ Ety/NĀ²
ᴹ✶nḗ > [nē]✧ PE22/096

Variations

  • ✧ Ety/NĀ²
Qenya [Ety/NĀ²; PE22/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sana

adjective. that

Element in

i

pronoun. that

Element in

Variations

  • i ✧ PE22/118; PE22/124; PE22/124; VT27/07
  • in ✧ PE22/118
Qenya [PE22/118; PE22/124; VT27/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sa

pronoun. that

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish

ne

root. *in

A rejected root in The Etymologies of the 1930s with a strengthened form ✱ndē̆ serving as the basis for the prefix in N. nestag- “insert”, possibly related to ᴹ√NED “middle” (EtyAC/NĒ̆). The strengthened form may have been replaced by the root ᴹ√(N)DI “in” (EtyAC/NDI), but in later writing ✶ndī was given the meaning “beneath, not touching, under” (PE17/95). Despite the rejection of the root, the verb N. nestag- “insert” remained unmodified under the root ᴹ√STAK (Ety/STAK), and there is further evidence for the ne- prefix in the verb N. neledh- “enter” appearing on the 1936 draft of Thror’s Map from this same time period (TAI/150).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I think it is worth retaining this (Noldorin and Sindarin-only?) prefix ne- “in”.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶ndē̆- “in, inside” ✧ EtyAC/NĒ̆
  • N. ne- “in”

Element in

  • On. nestak- “to insert, stick in” ✧ EtyAC/NĒ̆ (ne-stak-)

Variations

  • NĒ̆ ✧ EtyAC/NĒ̆ (NĒ̆)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/NĒ̆] Group: Eldamo. Published by

adverb. was; then, ago

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ná- “to be” ✧ PE22/096
  • ᴹQ. “ago” ✧ PE22/096

Element in

  • ᴹ✶-nē “past suffix” ✧ PE22/096

Variations

  • nḗ ✧ PE22/096
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/096] Group: Eldamo. Published by

suffix. ?genitive

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ENE “?genitive” ✧ PE21/59
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/59] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ene

root. ?genitive

A root mentioned in Primitive Quendian Structure: Final Consonants from 1936 as the basis for the 1930s genitive suffix ᴹQ. -n. In later writings, the Quenya genitive suffix became Q. -o, and the dative suffix -n was given a new etymology from √NA/ANA, so likely ᴹ√ENE fell out of Tolkien’s favor for this particular use.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶ “?genitive” ✧ PE21/59
  • ᴹQ. -n “genitive suffix” ✧ PE21/59
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/59] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndē̆-

prefix. in, inside

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NE “*in” ✧ EtyAC/NĒ̆
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/NĒ̆] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ē

root. to be

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

(n)di

root. in

Derivatives

  • N. di “in” ✧ EtyAC/NDI

Variations

  • NDI/DI ✧ EtyAC/NDI
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/NDI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

imi

root. in

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

root. to be

Changes

  • YEĒ “to be” ✧ PE22/122

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ye- “to be” ✧ PE22/123
  • ᴹQ. -ie “stative suffix” ✧ EtyAC/YĒ

Variations

  • Ī ✧ EtyAC/YĒ
  • I ✧ PE18/060
  • YE ✧ PE18/084 (YE); PE22/123 (YE)
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/YĒ; PE18/060; PE18/084; PE22/123] Group: Eldamo. Published by

eʒ-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ “be”

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. ea- “to be; to exist, have being, be found extant in the real world” ✧ PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122; PE22/122

Variations

  • eʒe ✧ PE22/122
  • eñe ✧ PE22/122
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/122] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mī/imi

root. in, inside

Derivatives

  • ᴹ√IMBE “dell, deep vale”
    • ᴹQ. imbe “dell, deep vale, ravine, glen” ✧ EtyAC/IMBE
    • N. imm “dell, deep vale” ✧ EtyAC/IMBE
  • ᴹQ. imbe “in(wards)” ✧ EtyAC/IMÍ
  • ᴹQ. mi “in, within” ✧ Ety/MI
  • ᴹQ. minna “into, to the inside” ✧ Ety/MI
  • ᴹQ. mir “to the inside, into” ✧ Ety/MI
  • ᴹQ. mitta “inwards, (?into)” ✧ EtyAC/MI
  • ᴹQ. mitya “interior” ✧ Ety/MI
  • N. minna- “to enter” ✧ EtyAC/MI

Variations

  • MI ✧ Ety/MI; EtyAC/MI
  • IMÍ ✧ EtyAC/IMÍ
  • ✧ EtyAC/IMÍ; EtyAC/MI
  • imi ✧ EtyAC/NDI
  • mi ✧ EtyAC/NDI
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/MI; EtyAC/IMÍ; EtyAC/MI; EtyAC/NDI] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ī

root. to be

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

ta

root. that

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶tad “thither” ✧ Ety/TA
    • ᴹQ. tar “thither, beyond” ✧ Ety/TA; PE19/052; PE21/58
    • On. “thither” ✧ PE19/052; PE21/58
  • ᴹQ. ta “that, it” ✧ Ety/TA
  • ᴹQ. tana “that (anaphoric)” ✧ Ety/TA
  • On. “thither” ✧ Ety/TA

Element in

  • ᴹ√TAN “*show” ✧ PE18/033; PE18/060
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/TA; PE18/033; PE18/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

ba

preposition. in

Cognates

  • Eq. ve “as, like” ✧ GL/21

Variations

  • b- ✧ GL/21
  • bi- ✧ GL/21
  • b’ ✧ GL/21

bi

preposition. in

Element in

  • G. bin “into” ✧ GL/22 (bin)
  • G. bir “in, within, inside” ✧ GL/22 (bir)
Gnomish [GL/20; GL/22] Group: Eldamo. Published by

na-

verb. to be

Changes

  • nithi ✧ GL/58

Cognates

  • Eq. ná- “to be, exist”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ “be, exist”

Element in

Variations

  • na-¹ ✧ GL/58
  • ni ✧ GL/58 (ni)
Gnomish [GG/09; GL/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

root. in

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

seke

root. mid

A root form indicated in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s by an element in primitive ᴱ✶sek’·ðana “midday” > G. saidhon “noon” (GL/66), with further derivatives like G. seg “point, middle point” and G. sectha- “aim at” given later in the document (GL/67). It might be a variant of ᴱ√MEKE the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon of similar meaning (QL/60). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing.

Derivatives

  • G. seg “point, middle point”
  • G. sectha- “to aim at”

Element in

Variations

  • sek’ ✧ GL/66 (sek’)
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/66] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

ne

conjunction. that

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/052; PE14/054; PE14/085] Group: Eldamo. Published by

e-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴱ√Ī “be” ✧ PE16/140

Element in

Early Quenya [PE14/051; PE14/054; PE14/057; PE16/062; PE16/066; PE16/140; PE16/141; PE16/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mi

preposition. *in

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IMI “in, into”

Element in

Early Quenya [QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by

iye

adverb. ago

imi

adverb. in, inside

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IMI “in, into” ✧ QL/042

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√IMI² > imi[imī] > [imi]✧ QL/042
Early Quenya [QL/042] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luin

adverb. ago

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LUHU “*time” ✧ QL/056

Element in

  • Eq. luina “ago” ✧ QL/056

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LUHU > luin[luxin] > [luɣin] > [luin]✧ QL/056
Early Quenya [QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ná-

verb. to be, exist

Cognates

  • G. na- “to be”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ “be, exist” ✧ QL/064

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ > [nā-]✧ QL/064

Variations

  • ✧ QL/064
Early Quenya [PE15/32; PE16/141; QL/064; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luina

adjective. ago

Early Quenya [QL/056] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sanda

adjective. that

Changes

  • santasanda ✧ PE14/055

Element in

Variations

  • santa ✧ PE14/055 (santa)
  • tanda ✧ PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060; PE16/060
Early Quenya [PE14/055; PE16/056; PE16/057; PE16/060] Group: Eldamo. Published by

santo

pronoun. that

Early Quenya [PE14/055] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tanya

adjective. that

Element in

Early Quenya [MC/215; PE16/090; PE16/092] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ó-

verb. to be

Derivations

  • ᴱ√Ō “be, exist” ✧ QL/069

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√Ō > ō-[ō-]✧ QL/069

Variations

  • ō- ✧ QL/069
Early Quenya [QL/069] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yú-

prefix. ago

Element in

  • Eq. yúye “long ago” ✧ PE15/68

Variations

  • yū- ✧ PE15/68
Early Quenya [PE15/68] Group: Eldamo. Published by