Quenya 

luhta-

to enchant

luhta- (1) vb. "to enchant" (LUK, VT45:29)

luhta-

to bow

luhta- (2) vb. "to bow" (VT47:35); this intransitive verb can be distinguished from luhta- "enchant" above, since #1 is transitive and will always have a direct object, something #2 never has.

luhta-

verb. to bow

Derivations

  • ✶luʒu “*bow” ✧ VT47/35

Elements

WordGloss
luʒu“*bow”
-ta“causative verb suffix”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶luʒu > luhta[luɣta-] > [luxta-]✧ VT47/35

Variations

  • luhta ✧ VT47/35

lúva

bow, bight; bend, bow, curve

lúva noun "bow, bight; bend, bow, curve" (Appendix E, PE17:122, 168). The reference is to a "bow" as part of written characters and other uses, but "not for shooting" (a bow used to shoot arrows is called quinga, possibly also cú if the latter term is used as in Sindarin).

caw-

bow

#caw- vb. "bow" ("k")(1st pers aorist cawin "I bow") (LT1:257; cf. cauca, cauco). In Tolkien's later Quenya, a verbal stem with w in this position does not seem to fit the general phonology well; intervocalic w would become v. We should perhaps read *cav*- whereever the second consonant of the root follows a vowel, but the nasal-infixed past tense could be canwë with the original quality of the consonant preserved. (Compare such a past tense form as anwë, q.v.) However, Tolkiens later verb luhta**- may be preferred for intransitive "bow".

cuv-

verb. bow

Quenya [PE 22:102] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

quinga

bow

quinga ("q")noun "bow" (for shooting) (KWIG, LT1:256)

Sindarin 

cû

noun. bow, bow; [N.] arch, crescent; [G.] waxing or waning moon

Cognates

  • Q. cúma “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/122

Derivations

  • ✶kūma ✧ PE17/122
    • √KU(H) “bow, [ᴱ√] bend”

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
✶kūma > cû(f)[kūma] > [kūm] > [kūv] > [kū]✧ PE17/122

Variations

  • cû(f) ✧ PE17/122
  • Cú ✧ S/209
  • cú ✧ SA/cú
Sindarin [PE17/122; S/209; SA/cú] Group: Eldamo. Published by

peng

bow

(i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing)

lútha-

verb. to enchant

@@@ David Salo proposed luitha-: compare to nuitha- and gruitha-; the form lútha- requires a variant (Doriathrin?) phonetic evolution

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUK “magic, enchantment”

Element in

  • ᴺS. lúthad “enchantments, sorcery”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

eilian

rainbow

(pl. eiliain). Archaic elianw (so the coll. pl. may be eilianwath).

cov-

verb. to bow

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kuv- “to bow”

Derivations

  • √KU(H) “bow, [ᴱ√] bend”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

cû

bow

(i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui)

cû

bow

1) (noun) cû (i gû, o chû) (arch, crescent), pl. cui (i chui), 2) (bow for shooting) peng (i beng, o pheng), pl. ping (i phing),

Telerin 

lú

noun. bow

Derivations

  • ✶lū “bow, curve” ✧ VT47/12
    • ✶luʒu “*bow” ✧ VT47/35

Variations

  • lū ✧ VT47/12

Nandorin 

cogn

noun. bow

Primitive form given as kuȜnâ, derived from KUȜ "bow" (LR:365); it is probable that ku3nâ was originally an adjective "bow-shaped", since -nâ is predominantly an adjectival ending. As for Ȝ (spirant g) becoming a plosive g, compare garma.

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (LR:365)] < KUȜ. Published by

Noldorin 

lhûtha-

verb. to enchant

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. luhta- “to enchant” ✧ Ety/LUK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUK “magic, enchantment” ✧ Ety/LUK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LUK > lhûtha[lukta-] > [luktʰa-] > [luxθa-] > [lūθa-] > [l̥ūθa-]✧ Ety/LUK

Variations

  • lhûtha ✧ Ety/LUK
  • lhútha ✧ EtyAC/LUK
Noldorin [Ety/LUK; EtyAC/LUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

peng

noun. bow (for shooting)

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

luhta-

verb. to enchant

Cognates

  • N. lhûtha- “to enchant” ✧ Ety/LUK

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUK “magic, enchantment” ✧ Ety/LUK

Elements

WordGloss
LUK“magic, enchantment”
-ta“causative”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LUK > luhta-[lukta-] > [luxta-]✧ Ety/LUK

Variations

  • luhta ✧ EtyAC/LUK
Qenya [Ety/LUK; EtyAC/LUK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kuv-

verb. to bow

Cognates

  • ᴺS. cov- “to bow”

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KU(Ʒ) “bow” ✧ PE22/102

Element in

  • ᴹQ. kukumba- “to nod repeatedly, (lit.) keep on bowing”
  • ᴹQ. kúvima “flexible”
  • ᴹQ. kúvula “flexible, pliant”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KUB > kuve[kub-] > [kuβ-] > [kuv-]✧ PE22/102

kú

noun. bow, bow; [ᴱQ.] crescent moon

Cognates

  • N. cû “arch, crescent” ✧ Ety/KUƷ

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶kuu̯ “bow” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
    • ᴹ√KU(Ʒ) “bow” ✧ Ety/KUƷ

Element in

  • ᴺQ. cungandë “violin, (lit.) bow-harp”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶kuu̯ > kú[kuɣ] > [kū]✧ Ety/KUƷ

Middle Primitive Elvish

ku(ʒ)

root. bow

The root ᴹ√KU(Ʒ) “bow” appeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KUƷ), most likely a later version of ᴱ√KUVU “bend, bow” from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/49). One notable derivative in both periods was G. cû “bow, crescent” and N. cû “arch, crescent”, which regularly appeared as S. cû “bow” in later writings, for example in S. Laer Cú Beleg “Song of the Great Bow” (GL/27; Ety/KUƷ; S/209).

The probably-related root ᴹ√KUB “bow” appeared in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s (PE22/102); ᴹQ. nukumna “humbled (?under-bowed)” from this period may also be related (SD/246). In notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s Tolkien gave ✶kūma, Q. cúma and S. cû(f) next to Q. lúva “bow, bight (not for shooting)” < √LUB “bend”, so presumably cúma/cû was “bow (for shooting)” (PE17/122). Finally Q. cúna “bent, curved” appeared in notes associated with the version of the Q. Markirya poem from the late 1960s, along with a verb form cúna- “to bend” (MC/222-223).

These variations make it difficult to determine what Tolkien intended the root to mean, but for purposes of Neo-Eldarin I would assume a base root of √KU(Ʒ) or √KU(H) with perhaps a verbal variant √KUB based on its use in the 1940s, and with the primitive sense “bow, bend”.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶kuʒnā “bowed, bow-shaped, bent” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
    • Ilk. caun “bowed, bow-shaped, bent” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
    • Dan. cogn “bowed, bow-shaped, bent” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
    • N. cûn “bowed, bow-shaped, bent, bowed, bent, bow-shaped, [G.] concave” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
  • ᴹ✶kuu̯ “bow” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
    • ᴹQ. kú “bow, bow; [ᴱQ.] crescent moon” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
    • N. cû “arch, crescent” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
  • ᴹQ. kuv- “to bow” ✧ PE22/102

Element in

  • ᴹ✶kuʒnā “bowed, bow-shaped, bent”
  • ᴹQ. nukumna “humbled”

Variations

  • KUƷ ✧ Ety/KUƷ; EtyAC/KWIG
  • KU ✧ Ety/KWIG
  • KUB ✧ PE22/102
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KUƷ; Ety/KWIG; EtyAC/KWIG; PE22/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kub

root. bow

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

kuu̯

noun. bow

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KU(Ʒ) “bow” ✧ Ety/KUƷ

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. kú “bow, bow; [ᴱQ.] crescent moon” ✧ Ety/KUƷ
  • N. cû “arch, crescent” ✧ Ety/KUƷ

Variations

  • kuw ✧ EtyAC/KUƷ
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KUƷ; EtyAC/KUƷ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

quing

noun. bow

cwing

noun. bow

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • Quing ✧ PE13/104; PE13/104
Gnomish [GL/28; LT2A/Teld Quing Ilon; PE13/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

qinga

noun. bow

Derivations

  • ᴱ√QINGI “*bow” ✧ QL/077

Element in

  • Eq. iluqinga “rainbow” ✧ LT1A/Ilweran

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√QINGI > qinga[kʷiŋgā] > [kʷiŋga]✧ QL/077
Early Quenya [LT1A/Ilweran; PME/077; QL/077] Group: Eldamo. Published by