Quenya 

linga-

hang, dangle

linga- vb. "hang, dangle" (LING/GLING, VT45:15, 27)

lingwë

fish

lingwë (stem *lingwi-, given the primitive form ¤liñwi) noun "fish" (LIW)

lingwë

noun. fish

A word for “fish” appearing in its plural form lingwi “fish” in notes on The Lands and Beasts of Númenor from 1965 (NM/336) and appearing as ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi under the root ᴹ√LIW in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIW).

Conceptual Development: Tolkien had ᴱQ. ingwe “fish” under the early root ᴱ√IWI “fish” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/43), and this word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43). The word {engwe >>} ingwe appeared unglossed in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145). ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” with initial l first emerged in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish”

Element in

nixi

name. fish

Quenya [PE 22:125] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Sindarin 

Golodhbaeth

Ling

{ð} n. Ling. #'Speech of the Noldor'. Also paeth Golodhrim or paeth e Ngolodhrim.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:126] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

andaith

noun. Ling

n. Ling. Q. andatehta.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:123] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

téw

Ling

pl1. tíw {ē, ī}_ n. Ling. _letter. >> tew

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:43:122] < S. _teŋw_ pl1. _tiŋw_ < _tekmā _pl. _tekmī_ (<_ tekmāi_). Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lim

noun. fish

Sindarin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

glinga

hang

*glinga- (i **linga, in glingar**) (dangle). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)

glinga

hang

(i ’linga, in glingar) (dangle). Cited as ”gling” in the source (LR369 s.v. LING)

lim

noun. fish

Element in

  • ᴺS. limmeg “young fish, small fry”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

hâl

fish

(noun) hâl (i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

hâl

fish

(i châl, o châl, construct hal), pl. hail (i chail) (VT45:20); also lim (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. limmath). Note: a homophone means ”clear, sparkling, light”.

Noldorin 

gling-

verb. to hang, dangle

Noldorin [Ety/359, Ety/369, VT/45:15,27] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhim

noun. fish

Noldorin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhim

noun. fish

A noun appearing as N. lhim “fish” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi of the same meaning (Ety/LIW), where the labialized velar ñw (&gt; ñgw) became the labial m (&lt; mb) and the initial l unvoiced to lh.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien had G. ing “fish” (GL/51), cognate to ᴱQ. ingwe of the same meaning (QL/43). In Gnomish labialized velars only became labials in limited circumstances, so the primitive ng survived.

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. lim “fish” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Element in

  • N. lhimlug “fish-dragon, sea-serpent” ✧ Ety/LOK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶liñwi > lhimb > lhim[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [limbe] > [limb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imb] > [l̥imm] > [l̥im]✧ Ety/LIW
Noldorin [Ety/LIW; Ety/LOK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lhimb

noun. fish

Noldorin [Ety/369, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hâl

noun. fish

Noldorin [VT/45:20] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hâl

noun. fish

A noun for “fish” appearing on the front page of The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶khala (EtyAC/KHAL¹). As such, it was probably based on the root ᴹ√KHAL “(small) fish” (Ety/KHAL¹), but may have transferred to ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” when Tolkien revised that root (Ety/SKAL²).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶skala “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
    • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

  • N. heledir(n) “kingsfisher, (lit.) fish-watcher”
  • ᴺS. torchal “shark or other large predatory fish”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶khala > hâl[kʰala] > [xala] > [xal] > [xāl] > [hāl]✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
Noldorin [EtyAC/KHAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

lingwe

noun. fish

Cognates

  • N. lhim “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • Ilk. líw “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶liñwi > lingwe[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋge]✧ Ety/LIW

Doriathrin

líw

noun. fish

A Doriathrin noun for “fish” derived from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi (Ety/LIW). It is the clearest example of how [[ilk|[ŋg] vanished before [w] lengthening the preceding vowel]], as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Doriathrin/líw). @@@ same development in ᴱN hiw PE13/147

Conceptual Development: This word first appeared as rejected ling (EtyAC/LIW), probably reflecting Tolkien’s uncertainty on the development of [-ŋgw-] in Ilkorin.

Changes

  • ling → líw ✧ Ety/LIW

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶liñwi “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
    • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ EtyAC/LIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶liñwi > líw[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [līwe] > [līw]✧ Ety/LIW
ᴹ√LINGWI > ling[liŋwi] > [liŋgwi] > [liŋgwe] > [liŋge] > [liŋg]✧ EtyAC/LIW

Variations

  • ling ✧ EtyAC/LIW (Dor. ling)
Doriathrin [Ety/LIW; EtyAC/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

liñ

root. *twang (descriptive of plucked strings)

A root appearing in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s beside ᴹ√TAÑ of similar meaning, serving as the basis for the verb ᴹQ. linga- whose past form †linge is glossed “ring, twang — descriptive of plucked strings” (PE22/103). It probably refers back to ᴱQ. linga- “to hum like the string of a harp” from around 1930 (PE16/100), a verb used in the Earendel poem (MC/216).

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. linga- “to ring, twang, to twang, [ᴱQ.] hum like the string of a harp, *resonate; [ᴹQ.] ring” ✧ PE22/103
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE22/103] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lingi

root. hang

Middle Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

liñwi

noun. fish

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LIW “*fish” ✧ Ety/LIW

Derivatives

  • Ilk. líw “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
  • N. lhim “fish” ✧ Ety/LIW
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/LIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

(g)lingi

root. hang

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “hang” and acting as an alternate explanation of ᴹQ. Laurelin, usually interpreted as “Song of Gold” but also meaning “Hanging Flame” as reflected in its Noldorin name Glingal (Ety/GLING, LIN², LING). The continued appearance of S. Glingal in later versions of The Silmarillion indicates this root likely remained valid (S/126).

A pair of forms ᴱQ. kinka- “to hang (intr.)” and ᴱQ. kinkata- “hang (tr.)” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s imply the existence of a root ᴱ√KINIKI, which may be a precursor to ᴹ√(G)LINGI.

Changes

  • GLING → GLING “hang” ✧ Ety/GLING

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. linga- “to hang, dangle” ✧ Ety/GLING; Ety/LING; EtyAC/LING
  • ᴺQ. lingil “hanger, hook (for clothes)”
  • N. gling- “to hang, dangle” ✧ Ety/GLING; Ety/LING
  • N. Glingal “Hanging Flame” ✧ EtyAC/LING

Element in

  • ᴹQ. Laurelin “Song of Gold” ✧ Ety/LIN²

Variations

  • GLING ✧ Ety/GLING (GLING); Ety/GLING; Ety/LING
  • LING ✧ Ety/GLING; Ety/LIN²; EtyAC/LING; EtyAC/LING
  • LINGA ✧ Ety/LING
  • GILÍNG ✧ EtyAC/GLING (GILÍNG)
  • lingi ✧ PE18/066
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/GLING; Ety/LIN²; Ety/LING; EtyAC/GLING; EtyAC/LING; PE18/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skala

noun. fish

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKAL “small fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. hala “(small) fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
  • N. hâl “fish” ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹

Element in

Variations

  • khala ✧ EtyAC/KHAL¹
Middle Primitive Elvish [EtyAC/KHAL¹] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

ling

noun. small snake

A word for a “small snake” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, along a longer form G. lingos “snake” (GL/54), clearly a cognate of ᴱQ. lin (ling-) “snake” from the contemporaneous Qenya Lexicon (QL/54).

Cognates

  • Eq. lin “snake”

Derivations

Element in

ing

noun. fish

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IWI “*fish”

Element in

  • G. igli “young of fish, small fry” ✧ GL/51

Early Primitive Elvish

kḷnḷ Speculative

root. *ring

A hypothetical root serving as the basis for “bell” words in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s such as ᴱQ. kilin “bell” and ᴱQ. kalon “(large) bell” (QL/46); syllabic Ḷ would help explain the vowel variations. In Tolkien’s later writings, “bell” words were derived from ᴹ√NYEL.

Derivatives

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

kiniki Reconstructed

root. hang

Derivatives

Early Primitive Elvish Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

ingwe

noun. fish

Changes

  • engwe → ingwe ✧ PE16/145

Cognates

  • G. ing “fish”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√IWI “*fish” ✧ QL/043

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√IWI > ingwe[iŋwi] > [iŋwe] > [iŋgwe]✧ QL/043

Variations

  • engwe ✧ PE16/145 (engwe)
Early Quenya [PE16/145; PME/043; QL/043; QL/049; QL/091; QL/097] Group: Eldamo. Published by