Quenya 

caita-

lie

caita- vb. "lie" (= lie down, not "tell something untrue"), aorist tense "lies" in the sentences sindanóriello caita mornië "out of a grey land darkness lies" (Nam, RGEO:67), caitas lá/palla i sír "it is [lit. lies] (far) beyond the river" (PE17:65); the latter example demonstrates that caita can also be used of a geographical feature that "lies" in a certain place. According to PE17:72 and VT48:12-13, the pa.t. is cainë or cëantë rather than **caitanë. The "Qenya" form kakainen, translated "were lying", may seem to be related (VT27:7, 21)

furu

lie

furu noun "a lie" _(LT2:340, GL:36) _Read perhaps *huru in a LotR-compatible form of Quenya, since Tolkien decided that fu- tended to become hu-.

lie

noun. people

Quenya [PE 22:124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lie#

noun. race

race

Quenya [PE 18:71] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lië

people

lië noun "people" (LI, Narqelion, VT39:6), in Eldalië, losselië, Ornelië (q.v.); possessive #liéva in Mindon Eldaliéva (q.v.); maybe also compounded in #rohtalië, #ruhtalië (q.v.)

lië

noun. people, folk

Cognates

  • Ad. lâi “folk”
  • S. “people (of one kind or origin), people (of one kind or origin), [G.] folk, many people, crowd of folk”

Derivations

  • LI “many”

Element in

  • Q. Casallië “*Dwarf-folk”
  • Q. Eldalië “People of the Elves, Elven-folk, People of the Eldar, Elven-folk, [ᴹQ.] Elf-folk”
  • Q. Enellië “*Company of Enel”
  • ᴺQ. illië “public”
  • Q. Imillië “Company of Imin”
  • ᴺQ. liëarda “republic”
  • ᴺQ. liëmelehtëa “democratic”
  • ᴺQ. liendina “popular”
  • ᴺQ. lieraxa “a bus, coach, (lit.) people wagon”
  • ᴺQ. lietarwa “park, (lit.) people-garden”
  • ᴺQ. lietúrie “democracy”
  • Q. losselië telerinwa “*the white people of the shores of Elfland” ✧ PE16/096
  • Q. Naucalië “People of the Dwarves” ✧ PE17/045
  • Q. Nornalië “People of the Dwarves”
  • Q. olië “company, people together”
  • ᴺQ. ólië “society, (lit.) together-people”
  • ᴺQ. ólëo “society, (lit.) together-people”
  • Q. Quendelië “Elf-race”
  • Q. rohtalië “*those who trespass, (lit.) trespass-people”
  • Q. Tatalië “*Company of Tata”

Variations

  • lie ✧ PE16/096; PE17/045; VT39/06
Quenya [PE16/096; PE17/045; VT39/06] Group: Eldamo. Published by

le

you

le, pronominal element "you", (originally) the "reverential 2nd person sing" (RGEO:73, VT49:56). However, singular le was apparently altered to lye (q.v.), and le took on a plural significance (le for pl. "you" is apparently derived from de, the ancient 2nd person pl. stem, VT49:50-51). Stressed (VT49:51), dual let "the two of you" (ibid.). At certain points in Tolkiens conception, le was still sg. "thou" rather than pl. "you". It is attested as an ending in the imperative form antalë "give thou" (VT43:17); see anta-. The form ólë in VT43:29 apparently means *"with thee"; according to Tolkiens later system, it would rather mean "with you" (pl.) Compare aselyë "with thee" (sg.) in a later source (see as).

-ldë

you

-ldë (1) pronominal suffix "you", 2nd person pl. (VT49:51; carildë *"you do", VT49:16). This ending Tolkien revised from -llë in earlier sources (VT49:48, cf. PE17:69).

-llë

you

-llë (2) abandoned pronominal ending "you", 2nd person pl. (VT49:48); Tolkien later revised this ending to -ldë.

-lyë

you, thou

-l or -lyë (VT49:48, 51), pronominal endings for 2nd person sg. polite/formal "you, thou": caril or carilyë *"you do" (VT49:16), hamil "you judge" (VT42:33), anel "you were" (see #1); see -lyë for further examples. These endings may also be added to pronouns (etel/etelyë or mil, milyë; see et, mi). In one source, -l is rather used as a reduced affix denoting plural "you"; see heca! (WJ:364)

alyë

you

alyë imperative particle with ending -lyë "you"; see a #3.

ilcë

you

ilcë ("k") (2) *"you", emphatic pronoun of the 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. An alternative form incë was also listed; a query appears between the forms (VT49:48).

incë

you

incë ("k") *"you", emphatic pronoun for 2nd person pl. familiar, apparently a form abandoned by Tolkien. It is listed as an alternative to ilcë in the source, a query appearing between the forms (VT49:48, 49). The word could also be read as intë (VT49:49)

Telellië

teler-folk

Telellië noun "Teler-folk" (TELES); this is Teler + lië

cainë

lay

cainë "lay", pa.t. of caita- "lie", q.v.

cairë

lay

cairë _("k")_vb. "lay" (pa.t. of "lie") (MC:221; this is "Qenya" - in LotR-style Quenya cainë pa.t. of caita?) An word cairë with no clear definition appears in PE17:101; see cëa, cairë.

norië

race, running

norië, also normë, noun "race, running" (PE17:169)

lirilla

lay, song

lirilla noun "lay, song" (LT1:258)

tindon

lay

tindon pa.t. vb? "lay" (???) (MC:220; this is "Qenya")

tye

you, thou, thee

tye pron. "you, thou, thee", 2nd person intimate/familar (LR:61, 70, Arct, VT49:36, 55), corresponding to formal/polite lye. According to VT49:51, tye was used as an endearment especially between lovers, and (grand)parents and children also used it to address one another ("to use the adult lye was more stern"). Tyenya "my tye", used = "dear kinsman" (VT49:51). The pronoun tye is derived from kie, sc. an original stem ki with an added -e(VT49:50). Stressed tyé; dual tyet "the two of you" (VT49:51 another note reproduced on the same page however states that tye has no dual form, and VT49:52 likewise states that the 2nd person familiar "never deleloped" dual or plural forms). Compare the reflexive pronoun intyë "yourself". Possibly related to the pronominal stem KE (2nd person sg.), if tye represents earlier *kye.

lat-

verb. lie, be situated

Quenya [PE 22:126] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

-llo

you

[-llo (2) "you", dual; abandoned pronominal ending. Also written -illo. (VT49:49)]

-ndor

land

-ndor, final element in compounds: "land" (Letters:308, UT:253)

-ndë

you

[#-ndë (2) pronominal suffix for dual "you", as in carindë *"you (two) do". Tolkien changed the ending to -stë (VT49:33)]

-stë

you

-stë "you", 2nd person dual pronominal ending (VT49:51, 53), e.g. caristë "the two of you do" (VT49:16). Tolkien first wrote carindë, but changed the ending (VT49:33). The ending -stë is derived from earlier -dde (VT49:46, 51). An archaic ending of similar form could also be the third person dual, "the two of them" (but see -ttë #1).

-tyë

you

-t (3) reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" (sg.), the long form being -tyë (both endings are listed in VT49:48). See heca regarding the example hecat (WJ:364). However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form (VT49:51, 57). The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful.

-tyë

you, thou

-tyë pronominal ending "you, thou" (VT49:48, 51), 2nd person familiar/intimate: carityë *"you do" (VT49:16; the corresponding formal/polite ending is -l, -lyë, cf. PE17:135 where Tolkien states that hiruvalyë "thou shalt find" from Namárië would be hiruvatyë if the polite pronoun were replaced by the familiar one). Compare the independent pronoun tye. In VT49:51, Tolkien denies that the ending -tyë has any short form (see, however, -t # 3). Cf. natyë "you are"; see #1. Compare tye, -tya.

fur-

to conceal, to lie

fur- vb. "to conceal, to lie" (LT2:340) Read perhaps *hur- in a LotR-compatible form of Quenya, since Tolkien decided that fu- tended to become hu-.

nór

land

nór noun "land" (stem nor-, PE17:106) this is land as opposed to water and sea (nor in Letters:308). Cf. nórë.

nór

noun. land

A term for “land” as in “(dry) land as opposed to the sea”, mentioned in the Quendi and Eldar essay of 1959-60 (WJ/413) and again in notes from around 1968 (PE17/106-107).

Possible Etymology: In the Quendi and Eldar essay this term was derived from primitive ✶ndōro, but in the aforementioned 1968 notes Tolkien clarified that its stem form was nŏr-. This means it was probably derived from ancient ✱ndŏr-, where the long vowel in the uninflected form was inherited from the Common Eldarin subjective form ✱ndōr, a phenomenon also seen in words like nér (ner-) “man”. I prefer this second derivation, as it makes the independent word more distinct from the suffixal form -ndor or -nóre used in the names of countries.

Derivations

  • ndorē “land” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
    • NDOR “land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413
  • ndōro “land” ✧ WJ/413
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ndōr > nōr[ndōr] > [nōr]✧ PE17/106
NDŌR/NDŎR- > nôr[ndōr] > [nōr]✧ PE17/107
ndōro > nór[ndōro] > [ndōr] > [nōr]✧ WJ/413

Variations

  • nōr ✧ PE17/106
  • nôr ✧ PE17/107
Quenya [PE17/106; PE17/107; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nóre

noun. land

Quenya [PE 22:116, 124] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

nórë

land

nórë noun "land" (associated with a particular people) (WJ:413), "country, land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live, race, clan" (NŌ, NDOR, BAL), also used = "race, tribe, people" (SA:dôr, PE17:169; however, the normal word for "people" is lië). Early "Qenya" hasnórë "native land, nation, family, country" (in compounds -nor) (LT1:272)

-ntyë

you

[-ntyë "you", abandonded pronominal ending for 2nd person pl. familiar (VT49:49)]

har-

verb. dwell, abide, reside permanently

Quenya [PE 22:125] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

hurulë

noun. deception

Elements

WordGloss
furu“lie”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

cupta

noun. deception, lie

Derivations

  • KUB “hide, secrete”
Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

cupta-

verb. to deceive, lie

Derivations

  • KUB “hide, secrete”

Element in

Quenya Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

Sindarin 

de

pronoun. you

Sindarin [PE17/026] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dôr

noun. land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land

Cognates

  • Q. -ndor “land, country” ✧ SA/dôr

Derivations

  • ndorē “land” ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr; WJ/413
    • NDOR “land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ndor > -dor[-ndorē] > [-ndore] > [-ndor] > [-dor]✧ PE17/164
ndor > dôr[ndorē] > [ndore] > [dore] > [dor] > [dōr]✧ SA/dôr
ndorē > dôr[ndorē] > [ndore] > [dore] > [dor] > [dōr]✧ WJ/413
ndorē > -ndor > -nor/-nnor[-ndorē] > [-ndore] > [-ndor] > [-nnor]✧ WJ/413

Variations

  • Dor ✧ Let/417; MR/200; PE17/133; S/121; S/188; SI/Doriath; UT/245; UTI/Doriath; WJ/192
  • dor ✧ Let/427; RC/384
  • -dor ✧ PE17/164
  • Dôr ✧ WJ/370
Sindarin [Let/417; Let/427; MR/200; PE17/133; PE17/164; RC/384; S/121; S/188; SA/dôr; SI/Doriath; UT/245; UTI/Doriath; WJ/192; WJ/370; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nos(s)

noun. race

_ n. _race, tribe, people. Q. nóre.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:169] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-dhir

suffix. you

{ð} 2nd pl. pron. suff. #you. Q. -ltar.See paradigm PE17:132.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38, R] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dôr

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

Sindarin [Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38, R] Group: SINDICT. Published by

-d

suffix. you

2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-dh

suffix. you

{ð} 2nd du. pron. suff. #you (two). Q. -star.See paradigm PE17:132.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-dh

suffix. you

{ð} 2nd sg. pron. suff. #you. Q. -tar.See paradigm PE17:132.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:132] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

haw-

verb. to lie

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHAW “rest, lie at ease”

delia

conceal

(i dhelia, i neliar), pa.t. daul (whence the passive participle dolen ”concealed”), later pa.t. deliant.

glaer

long lay

(i ’laer) (narrative poem), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glaer)

glîr

lay

glîr (i **lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath**;

glîr

lay

(i ’lîr, construct glir) (poem, song), no distinct pl. form except with article (in glîr), coll. pl. glíriath;

ilphen

 noun. everyone

il- (every/all) + pen (someone/somebody).

Sindarin [Realelvish.net] Group: Neologism. Published by

cauth

noun. deception, lie

Derivations

  • KUB “hide, secrete”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

cútha-

verb. to deceive, lie

Derivations

  • KUB “hide, secrete”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

galadhrim

people of the trees

(Elves of Lórien)

bâr

land

(dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

dôr

land

1) dôr (i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413), 2) bâr (dwelling, house, home, family; earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds.

dôr

land

(i nôr, construct dor) (dwelling place, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr), coll. pl. dorath (WJ:413)

nûr

race

(group of related people) nûr (construct nur, pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”sad” and ”deep”.

nûr

race

(construct nur, pl. nuir). Note: homophones mean ”sad” and ”deep”.**

dortha

dwell

dortha- (i northa, i ndorthar) (stay)

dortha

dwell

(i northa, i ndorthar) (stay)

nand

wide grassland

(construct nan) (valley), pl. naind, coll. pl. **nannath **(VT45:36);

caeda-

verb. to lie; to lay (down)

Cognates

  • Q. caita- “to lie (down)”
  • Q. caita-to lay (transitive), to lay (transitive); [ᴱQ.] to place, lie down”

Derivations

  • KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/reconstructions. Published by

doltha

conceal

(i dholtha, i noltar). Pa.t. †daul, an archaic form that was maybe replaced by dolthant later. Passive participle dolen (see

gwaith

people

gwaith (i **waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith**).

gwaith

people

(i ’waith) (manhood, manpower, troop of able-bodied men, host, regiment, region; wilderness), no distinct pl. form except with article (in gwaith).

iathrim

people of doriath

(”Fence-people”) (WJ:378);

denwaith

people of denwe

(WJ:385);

haradrim

people of the south

(southerners, southrons);

rohirrim

people of rohan

(Gondorian pronunciation of Rochirrim; see

gwathuirim

people of dunland

(”shadowy people”) (PM:330);

parth

enclosed grassland

(i barth, o pharth) (field, sward), pl. perth (i pherth);

Telerin 

de

pronoun. you

Derivations

  • le “you (sg.)” ✧ VT49/50

Nandorin 

dóri-

noun. land

Isolated from Lindórinan. The independent form of the word may differ; it is unclear where the i of the compound Lindórinan comes from. In the Etymologies, the Eldarin words for "land" are derived from a stem NDOR "dwell, stay, rest, abide" (LR:376).

No Nandorin word is there listed, but Sindarin dor is derived from primitive ndorê. Notice, however, that Tolkien many years later derived the Eldarin words for "land" from a stem DORO "dried up, hard, unyielding" (WJ:413). However, this later source does confirm that the Primitive Quendian form was ndorê, now thought to be formed by initial enrichment d > nd. This is defined as "the hard, dry land as opposed to water or bog", later developing the meaning "land in general as opposed to sea", and finally also "a land" as a particular region, "with more or less defined bounds".

Whether dóri- actually comes from ndorê is highly doubtful (this would rather yield *dora in Nandorin), but it must be derived from the same set of stems.

Nandorin [H. Fauskanger (LR:376, WJ:413)] < Lindórinan. Published by

Adûnaic

thâni

noun. land

A noun translated “land” (SD/435) appearing in the Adûnaic names for the Blessed Realm: Amatthâni and thâni’nAmân. Its Primitive Adûnaic form was also ✶thāni, though its primitive was glossed “realm" (SD/420).

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • thāni ✧ SD/435

zâyan

noun. land

An Adûnaic word for “land” (SD/423). It has an irregular plural form zâin which is the result of the phonetic change (SD/423): [[pad|medial [w] and [j] vanished before [u] and [i]]]. Thus, the archaic plural changed from †zâyîn > zâîn > zâin.

Conceptual Development: In earlier names this word appeared as zen (SD/378, 385).

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
Ad. zāyīn > *zāīn > zâin[zājīn] > [zāīn] > [zāin]✧ SD/423

Variations

  • zāyan ✧ SD/423
Adûnaic [SD/423; SD/429; SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

kay

root. lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell

Tolkien used this root for “lie (down)” for most of his life. It appeared as ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/46), but in that document there was another root ᴱ√KAMA “lie down”, with the derivative ᴱQ. kama- “to lie down” (QL/44). There is no sign of ᴱ√KAMA¹ being used this way after the 1910s, and in the 1920s Early Qenya Grammar, the verb for “lie down” was kaita- (PE14/58), which in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s had the transitive sense “to place” (QL/44).

The root ᴹ√KAY “lie down” reappeared in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/KAY), and it appeared again in the Quenya Verbal System of the 1940s as the basis for the verb ᴹQ. kaita- “to lie (down)” (PE22/126). The root and associated Quenya verb continued to appear in Tolkien’s later writings all the way up through the late 1960s, always with the sense “lie” (PE17/72; PE22/156).

Derivatives

  • Ad. khay- “to lie (down)”
  • kainu- “to lie down” ✧ PE22/136
    • ᴺQ. cainu- “to lie down, *bend down; [with locative] to endure, suffer (from)”
  • kaita- “to lie, be on the ground” ✧ PE22/136
  • Aq. caia- “[unglossed]”
  • Q. cairë “[unglossed]” ✧ PE17/101
  • Q. caita- “to lie (down)” ✧ PE17/072; PE22/156
  • Q. caita-to lay (transitive), to lay (transitive); [ᴱQ.] to place, lie down”
  • Q. cëa “*hedge” ✧ PE17/101
  • ᴺS. caeda- “to lie; to lay (down)”
  • S. caer “*flat isle on a river, [N.] flat isle on a river” ✧ PE17/101
  • S. cai “hedge” ✧ PE17/101

Element in

  • ᴺS. osgaef “surroundings, environs, milieu”

Variations

  • KAYA ✧ PE17/101
  • KAJ ✧ PE22/136
Primitive elvish [PE17/072; PE17/101; PE17/156; PE22/136; PE22/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndorē

noun. land

Derivations

  • NDOR “land; hard, firm; [ᴹ√] dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
    • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding”
  • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Derivatives

  • Q. -ndor “land, country” ✧ SA/dôr
  • Q. nór “land” ✧ PE17/106; PE17/107
  • Q. nórë “land, country; †people, race, tribe, land, country, [ᴹQ.] region where certain people live, [ᴱQ.] nation; [Q.] †people, race, tribe, [ᴹQ.] folk, [ᴱQ.] family” ✧ PE19/076
  • S. dôr “land, land, [N.] region where certain people live, [ᴱN.] country; [G.] people of the land” ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr; WJ/413

Element in

  • etlā-ndŏrē “Eglador” ✧ VT42/04; VT42/04
  • mbar-ndor “home land, native land” ✧ PE17/164
  • Q. Endórë “Middle-earth, (lit.) Middle Land” ✧ Let/384
  • Q. Valandor “Land of the Valar” ✧ WJ/413
  • S. Ennor “Middle-earth” ✧ Let/384
  • S. Eriador “Lonely Land” ✧ VT42/04
  • S. Thonador ✧ VT42/04

Variations

  • (n)dor ✧ Let/384
  • ndōr ✧ PE17/106
  • NDŌR/NDŎR- ✧ PE17/107
  • ndor ✧ PE17/164; SA/dôr
  • ndōrē ✧ PE19/076; VT42/04
Primitive elvish [Let/384; PE17/106; PE17/107; PE17/164; PE19/076; SA/dôr; VT42/04; WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ndōro

noun. land

Derivations

  • DOR “hard, tough, dried up, unyielding” ✧ WJ/413

Derivatives

  • Q. nór “land” ✧ WJ/413
Primitive elvish [WJ/413] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kait-a

verb. lie, be on the ground

Primitive elvish [PE 22:136] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

kaita-

verb. to lie, be on the ground

Derivations

  • KAY “lie, lie, [ᴹ√] lie down; [ᴱ√] rest, dwell” ✧ PE22/136

Derivatives

Variations

  • káit-ă ✧ PE22/136
Primitive elvish [PE22/136] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

glaer

noun. long lay, narrative poem

Written glær (with ae-ligature) in the Etymologies, rectified here according to VT/45:15

Noldorin [Ety/359, VT/45:15] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nûr

noun. race

Noldorin [Ety/378] Group: SINDICT. Published by

nûr

noun. race

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. nóre “land, country, region where certain people live; clan, race, folk, kindred” ✧ Ety/NŌ

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NŌ/ONO “beget” ✧ Ety/NŌ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ > nûr[nōre] > [nūre] > [nūr]✧ Ety/NŌ

Variations

  • nûr ✧ Ety/NŌ

dortha-

verb. to dwell, stay

Noldorin [Ety/376] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dor

noun. land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live

The form dor in the Etymologies is a misreading, see VT/45. In composition and in toponyms, the word is nevertheless reduced to Dor

Noldorin [Ety/376, S/430, WJ/413, Letters/417, VT/45:38, R] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

nas

noun. people

Cognates

  • Q. nos(së) “kindred, family, kindred, family, [ᴹQ.] clan, ‘house’, [ᴱQ.] folk, kin, people” ✧ PM/320

Derivations

  • S. nos(s) “family, kindred, clan, house; race, tribe, people” ✧ PM/320
    • NŌ/ONO “beget, give birth to; be born, beget, give birth to; be born; [ᴱ√] become” ✧ PE17/169

Element in

Qenya 

lie

noun. people, folk

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LI “many; large people” ✧ Ety/LI

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LI > lie[lie]✧ Ety/LI
Qenya [Ety/LI; PE22/108; PE22/124] Group: Eldamo. Published by

le

pronoun. you

Element in

Variations

  • le ✧ PE22/106; PE22/118; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/124; PE22/127
  • ✧ PE22/124
Qenya [PE22/106; PE22/118; PE22/119; PE22/120; PE22/123; PE22/124; PE22/127] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kaita-

verb. to lie

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KAY “lie (down)” ✧ PE22/126

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KAY > kaita-[kaita-]✧ PE22/126
Qenya [PE22/126; VT27/07] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

dôr

noun. land

A Doriathrin noun for “land” (EtyAC/NDOR) apparently from primitive ᴹ✶ndorē (Ety/NDOR). If its primitive form indeed had a short [o], then this word may be an example of how short vowels sometimes lengthened in monosyllables in Ilkorin.

Cognates

  • N. dôr “land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live” ✧ Ety/NDOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶ndorē “land, dwelling-place, region where certain people live” ✧ Ety/NDOR
    • ᴹ√NDOR “dwell, stay, rest, abide” ✧ Ety/NDOR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶ndorē > dôr[ndorē] > [ndore] > [ndor] > [ndōr] > [dōr]✧ Ety/NDOR

Variations

  • Dor ✧ Ety/THŌN
Doriathrin [Ety/THŌN; EtyAC/NDOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

noun. land

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. “land, region” ✧ PE21/38

Variations

  • mā- ✧ PE21/38
Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/38] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dub

root. lie, lie heavy, loom, hang over oppressively (of clouds)

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “lie, lie heavy, loom, hang over oppressively (of clouds)” with derivatives like ᴹQ. lumna “burdensome, oppressive, ominous” and N. dofn “gloomy” (Ety/DUB). In later writings, the similar Quenya word Q. lumba “gloomy” was derived from the root √LUM/LUB “shadow, darkness”, but the root ᴹ√LUM “✱shadow” coexisted with ᴹ√DUB in The Etymologies, so perhaps it also survived later as an independent root (or was the result of d/l variation with √LUB).

Derivatives

  • Ad. dubud- “to fall (under influence/cover of)”
  • ᴹQ. lumna “lying heavy, burdensome, oppressive, ominous” ✧ Ety/DUB
  • ᴹQ. lumna- “to lie heavy, be heavy” ✧ Ety/DUB
  • ᴺS. dov- “to lie heavy”
  • N. dofn “gloomy” ✧ Ety/DUB
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/DUB; EtyAC/LUB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

fûr

noun. lie

Cognates

  • Eq. furu “lie” ✧ GL/36; LT2A/Gar Thurion

Derivations

  • ᴱ√FURU “*conceal” ✧ LT2A/Gar Thurion
Gnomish [GL/36; LT2A/Gar Thurion] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hau-

verb. to lie

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶haw- ✧ GL/48; GL/48
    • ᴱ√HAWA ✧ GL/48

Element in

  • G. hautha- “to lay, stretch out, lay flat on ground” ✧ GL/48

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶haw- > hau[xau-] > [hau-]✧ GL/48
ᴱ✶hôwi > hui[xōui] > [xōi] > [hoi] > [hui]✧ GL/48

Variations

  • hau ✧ GL/48

redhos

noun. land

fur-

verb. to conceal; to lie

Derivations

  • ᴱ√FURU “*conceal” ✧ LT2A/Gar Thurion

Element in

  • G. furion “secret, concealed, hidden” ✧ GL/36; LT2A/Gar Thurion

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√FURU > fur-[ɸur-] > [fur-]✧ LT2A/Gar Thurion
Gnomish [GL/36; LT2A/Gar Thurion] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwaith

noun. people

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
gweg“man, male of the Elda”

Variations

  • gwaith ✧ LT1A/Bronweg
  • gweith ✧ PE13/117
Gnomish [GL/44; LT1A/Bronweg; PE13/117] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gweith

noun. people

Early Noldorin

bland

noun. deceit, lie

Element in

  • En. orvlann “without deceit” ✧ PE13/156
Early Noldorin [PE13/139; PE13/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

kaya

root. lie, rest; dwell

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶kaı̯- “to lie down”
    • Eq. kaita- “to place, lie down” ✧ PE14/058
  • Eq. (a)kainu- “to wed” ✧ QL/046
  • Eq. akaire “‘living beside’, wedded life” ✧ QL/046
  • Eq. akairis “bride, wife” ✧ QL/046
  • Eq. kaya- “to lie”
  • Eq. kaita- “to place, lie down” ✧ QL/046
  • Eq. kaima “couch, bed” ✧ QL/046
  • Eq. kaima- “to lie quiet” ✧ QL/046
  • Eq. kaime “dwelling, home” ✧ QL/046
  • Eq. kaivo “corpse”
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/046] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ẇaða

root. dwell

Changes

  • W̯AŘAẆAÐA ✧ QL/102

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶gu̯ara- “to dwell”
    • G. brann “dwelling, hall” ✧ GL/38
  • Eq. -uran(do) “town” ✧ QL/102
  • Eq. wasta- “to dwell” ✧ QL/102
  • Eq. wasto “village” ✧ QL/102
  • G. grann “strong place, fort; walled town, city” ✧ QL/102
  • G. gwadh- “to dwell” ✧ GL/46; QL/102

Variations

  • gu̯ađ ✧ GL/46 (gu̯ađ)
  • W̯AŘA ✧ QL/102 (W̯AŘA)
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/46; QL/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

furu

noun. lie

Cognates

  • G. fûr “lie” ✧ GL/36; LT2A/Gar Thurion

Derivations

  • ᴱ√FURU “*conceal” ✧ LT2A/Gar Thurion

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√FURU > furu[ɸurū] > [ɸuru] > [furu]✧ LT2A/Gar Thurion
Early Quenya [GL/36; LT2A/Gar Thurion] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lie

noun. people, folk

Cognates

  • En. lhai “folk, host, people” ✧ PE13/148
  • G. “folk, many people, ‘they’, a crowd of folk”
  • G. lieg “the folk, the citizens”

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶leyé ✧ PE13/148
    • ᴱ√ “*many”
  • ᴱ√ “*many” ✧ QL/053

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶leyé > lie[lejē] > [leje] > [leie] > [lie]✧ PE13/148
ᴱ√ > lie[liē] > [lie]✧ QL/053
Early Quenya [MC/216; PE13/148; PE15/72; PE15/76; PE16/090; PE16/092; PE16/135; PE16/143; PME/053; QL/053; VT40/08] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kay-

verb. to lie

kaya-

verb. to lie

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KAYA “lie, rest; dwell”

Element in

Variations

  • kay- ✧ PE16/132
Early Quenya [MC/221; PE16/062; PE16/065; PE16/072; PE16/074; PE16/075; PE16/077; PE16/132] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tye

pronoun. you

Element in

Variations

  • tye ✧ LFC/030
Early Quenya [LFC/030] Group: Eldamo. Published by