lamba

tongue

lamba (1) noun "tongue" (physical tongue, while lambë = "language") (WJ:394, LAB; according to VT45:25, Tolkien first wrote lambe, but as noted, this alternative form is rather used for "tongue" in the sense of "language")

lambe

noun. tongue

lambë

tongue, language

lambë noun "tongue, language" (the usual word for 'language' in non-technical use) (WJ:368, 394, ÑGAL/ÑGALAM), "the language or dialect of a particular country or people...never used for 'language' in general, but only for particular forms of speech" (VT39:15); also name of tengwa #27 (Appendix E). (In early "Qenya", lambë was defined as "tongue" of body, but also of land, or even = "speech" [LT2:339]. In LotR-style Quenya lambë only means "tongue = speech", whereas the word for a physical tongue is lamba.) Lambë Valarinwa "Valarin tongue" (WJ:397), lambë Quendion "the language of the Elves" (PM:395), Lambengolmor pl. noun "Loremasters of Tongues", a school founded by Fëanor (WJ:396); sg. #Lambengolmo. Spelt Lambeñgolmor in VT48:6.

quetil

tongue, language

quetil ("q")noun "tongue, language" (KWET)

lammas

noun. account of tongues

lammas

proper name. Account of Tongues

A book by Pengolodh describing the Elvish languages, translated “Account of Tongues” (MR/415, WJ/393). It is a combination of lam “language” with the abstract-noun suffix -as.

Conceptual Development: Tolkien wrote an excerpt from this book in the 1930s, first titled Lammas but soon revised to N. Lhammas (LR/167), because [[n|initial [r-], [l-] were unvoiced]] in his conception of the languages during this time period. Later the name changed back to S. Lammas when Tolkien abandoned this particular phonetic development.

Elements

Word	Gloss
lam	“(physical) tongue; language, (physical) tongue; language, [G.] speech”
-as	“abstract noun”

rammas

noun. (great) wall

lam

noun. physical tongue

lam

tongue

_ n. _tongue. Q. lambe. >> lammen

lâf

verb. (he) licks

galadhad

noun. the Two Trees of Valinor

falathrim

noun. people of the Falas

lôd

verb. (he) floats

Lossoth

noun. the Snowmen

dagorath

noun. all the battles

anfangrim

noun. the Longbeards (a tribe of Dwarves)

anglennatha

verb. (he) will approach

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

avo

verb. don't!

Used as a negative adverb before an imperative: avo garo "don't do it!". Sometimes used as prefix: avgaro

avon

verb. I won't

cuio

verb. live!

ónen

noun. I gave

Written onen in some editions of LotR. In the Qenyaqetsa, Qenya anta- is marked as having an irregular past tense áne. Assuming the same sound-shifts as observed in other words, this would indeed lead to onen in Sindarin, see PE/12:31 and TT/14:48-49

drúwaith

noun. the wilderness of the Drû-men (q.v.)

pêd

verb. (he) says

rochirrim

noun. horse-lords, the people of Rohan

noro

verb. run! ride!

Untranslated in LotR, but written nora-lim and rendered as "ride on" in RS/196 (not a literal translation) and later translated as "run swift" in RC/195. A verb nor- is attested in the old Gnomish lexicon, PE/11:61, with the meaning "to run, roll"

lammas

account of tongues

lammas

account of tongues

Lammas

lam

tongue

(both body-part and = ”dialect, language”) lam (pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.

lam

tongue

(pl. laim, coll. pl. lammath). (WJ:394, 416) Not: lam is also used = ”echo, voice, echoing voice”.

lammen

my tongue

.

lammas

noun. linguistic history

lhammas

noun. account of tongues

lhammas

proper name. Account of Tongues, Linguistic History

Changes

• Lammas → Lhammas “Account of Tongues” ✧ LR/167
• Lhammas → Lammas ✧ WJI/Lammas

Element in

• N. Lammasethen “Shorter Account of the Elvish Tongues” ✧ WJI/Lammas

Elements

Word	Gloss
lham(b)	“tongue”
-as	“abstract noun”

Variations

• Lammas ✧ LR/167
• lhammas ✧ PE22/034

lham

noun. physical tongue

lhamb

noun. physical tongue

blâb

verb. (he) flaps, beats

The Etymologies seem to list this word as a noun, but it is clearly the third person singular of the verb

lamben

place name. Tongue

A transient name for the Naith in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s, glossed “Tongue” (TI/280). It seems to be an elaboration or variant form of N. lham(b) “tongue”.

Elements

Word	Gloss
lham(b)	“tongue”

lhâf

verb. (he) licks

lham(b)

noun. tongue

Cognates

• ᴹQ. lamba “tongue” ✧ Ety/LAB

Derivations

• ᴹ✶lambe
  • ᴹ√LAB “lick” ✧ Ety/ÑGAL
• ᴹ√LAB “lick” ✧ Ety/LAB

Element in

• N. Lamben “Tongue”
• N. Lhammas “Account of Tongues, Linguistic History”
• N. Lhamthanc “Forked Tongue”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√LAB > lham(b)	[lambe] > [lamb] > [l̥amb] > [l̥amb] > [l̥amm] > [l̥am]	✧ Ety/LAB

Variations

• lham ✧ PE22/035
• lhamb ✧ PE22/035 (lhamb)

thia

verb. it appears

síla

verb. (he) shines white

lhôd

verb. (he) floats

osgar

verb. (he) cuts, amputates

tôg

verb. (he) leads, brings

tôl

verb. (he) comes

According to WJ/301, the expression tôl acharn "vengeance comes" was later changed to tûl acharn by Tolkien

orthor

verb. (he) masters, conquers

sôg

verb. (he) drinks