Quenya 

hyarma

left hand

hyarma noun "left hand" (VT47:6, VT49:12). Compare hyarmaitë, hyarya. Once with definite article directly prefixed (ihyarma, VT49:22), but i hyarma in other versions of the same text.

hyarma

noun. left hand

Cognates

  • S. harvo “left hand, left side” ✧ VT47/06

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
hyar-“left-hand, south”
má“hand”
Quenya [VT47/06; VT49/12; VT49/22] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hyarya

left

hyarya adj. "left" (opposite of right). (KHYAR). Compare hyarma.

hyar

plough

hyar noun "plough" (LT2:342)

lendë

left, went

lendë vb. "left, went" (pa.t. of lelya- "go") (FS, LR:47, SD:310, WJ:362), or, according to the Etymologies, the pa.t. of lenna- "go" and lesta- "leave" (LED, ELED. In the Etymologies as printed in LR, lenna- was misread as "linna-"; see VT45:27)

hyar

noun. plough

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SYAD “shear through, cleave (through)”

Sindarin 

hair

noun/adjective. left (hand)

Sindarin [Ety/365, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

harvo

noun. left hand

Sindarin [VT/47:6] har-vaw, har-+maw. Group: SINDICT. Published by

harvo

noun. left side

Sindarin [VT/47:6] har-vaw, har-+maw. Group: SINDICT. Published by

hair

left

(adj.) hair (lenited chair; no distinct pl. form); also used as noun

hair

left

HAND (*hair, o chair, i chair, no distinct pl. form even with article; cited in archaic form heir, LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). Adj. LEFT also crom (lenited grom, pl. crym), with corresponding noun

hair

left

(lenited chair; no distinct pl. form); also used as noun

hair

left hand

o chair, i chair, no distinct pl. form even with article; cited in archaic form heir, LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). Adj.

hâr

left

(noun, the direction) hâr (i châr) (south).

hâr

left

(i châr) (south).

crom

left

(lenited grom, pl. crym), with corresponding noun

crûm

left hand

crûm (i grûm, o chrûm, construct crum), pl. cruim (i chruim), coll. pl. crummath. Also *hair (i chair), no distinct pl. form (not even with article). Note: hair is also used = ”left” as adjective. Cited in archaic form heir (LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). PALM (or

crûm

left hand

crûm (i grûm, o chrûm, construct crum), pl. cruim (i chruim), coll. pl. crummath.

crumguru

having a cunning left hand

lenited grumguru, pl. crumgyry (or crymgyry if the entire word is umlauted, but this may be unlikely) (VT45:24)

Noldorin 

hargam

noun. left-handed

Noldorin [Ety/365] Group: SINDICT. Published by

crom

noun. left

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

crom

adjective. left

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶krumbā “*left” ✧ Ety/KURÚM
    • ᴹ√KURUM “*left” ✧ Ety/KURÚM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶krumbā > crom[kurúmbā] > [krumba] > [krumba] > [kromba] > [kromb] > [kromb] > [kromm] > [krom]✧ Ety/KURÚM
Noldorin [Ety/KURÚM] Group: Eldamo. Published by

crum

noun. left hand

Changes

  • crum → crum “wile, guile” ✧ Ety/KURÚM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUR “craft” ✧ Ety/KUR
  • ᴹ✶krumbē “*left hand” ✧ Ety/KURÚM
    • ᴹ√KURUM “*left” ✧ Ety/KURÚM
  • ᴹ√KURUM “*left” ✧ EtyAC/KUR

Element in

  • N. crumguru “wiley, sinister, guilty” ✧ EtyAC/KUR
  • N. crumui “left-handed” ✧ Ety/KURÚM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶krumbē > crum[kurúmbē] > [krumbē] > [krumbe] > [krumbe] > [krumb] > [krumb] > [krumm] > [krum]✧ Ety/KURÚM
Noldorin [Ety/KUR; Ety/KURÚM; EtyAC/KUR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

crum

noun. left hand

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

heir

noun/adjective. left (hand)

Noldorin [Ety/365, X/EI] Group: SINDICT. Published by

crumui

adjective. left-handed

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

khyar

root. left hand

A root given as {ᴹ√KHAR >>} ᴹ√KHYAR “left hand” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, associated with ᴹQ. hyarmen/N. harad “south” (Ety/KHYAR). These words for “south” reappeared in The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115), and the connection between “south” and “left” was reaffirmed in Tolkien’s discussion of the Ambidexters Sentence from the late 1960s, since the Elves aligned the cardinal directions by facing west towards Aman (VT49/6-8).

Changes

  • KHAR → KHYAR ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Derivatives

  • Q. hyar- “left-hand, south”
  • ᴹQ. hyarmen “south, left hand” ✧ Ety/KHYAR; Ety/KHYAR
  • ᴹQ. hyarya “left (hand)” ✧ Ety/KHYAR; Ety/KHYAR
  • N. heir “left (hand)” ✧ Ety/KHYAR
  • N. harad “south” ✧ Ety/KHYAR
  • N. harfen “*south-region” ✧ Ety/KHYAR
  • S. harn “south, southern”
  • N. harn “southern” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Element in

  • ᴹQ. hyarmen “south, left hand” ✧ Ety/MEN

Variations

  • KHAR ✧ Ety/KHYAR (KHAR)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KHYAR; Ety/MEN; Ety/PHOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

hyarma

noun. plough

hyar

noun. plough

A noun appearing as ᴱQ. hyar (hyarm-) “a plough” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√HYAŘA [HYAÐA] “plough through” (QL/41). In the contemporaneous Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa it appeared only as its stem form hyarm- “plough” (PME/41). Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s had ᴱQ. hyarma “a plough” (PE16/144).

Neo-Quenya: The form hyarma conflict with the later word Q. hyarma “left hand”. However, since the later root ᴹ√SYAD had a similar meaning “shear through, cleave” in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/SYAD), I think ᴺQ. hyar “plough” can be salvaged for purposes of Neo-Quenya derived from a primitive form like ✱syadĕ.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HYAÐA “plough through” ✧ LT2A/Gurtholfin; QL/041

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√HYAŘA > hyar[θʲaðmǝ] > [θʲaðm] > [θʲazm] > [θʲarm] > [sjarm] > [j̊arm] > [j̊ar]✧ QL/041

Variations

  • hyarma ✧ PE16/144
Early Quenya [LT2A/Gurtholfin; PE16/144; PME/041; QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by