Quenya 

huo

dog

huo noun "dog" (KHUG, see KHUGAN; cf. , huan). Also roa.

-ro

he

-ro pronominal ending "he", in antaváro, q.v. In Tolkiens later Quenya, the ending -s covers both "he", "she" and "it".

essë

he

essë (2) pron? "he" (and also "she, it"?), possible emphatic 3rd sg. emphatic pronoun, attested in the sentence essë úpa nas "he is dumb" (PE17:126)

húna-

howl

[húna- 2) vb. "howl" (VT46:6)]

se

he, she, it

se (1) pron. "he, she, it" also object "him, her, it", 3rd person sg. Used "of living things including plants" (VT49:37; the corresponding inaimate pronoun is sa). The pronoun comes directly from se as the original stem-form (VT49:50). Stressed form , VT49:51, attested in object position in melin sé "I love him" (VT49:21). Ósë "with him/her", VT43:29; see ó-. Long dative/allative sena "[to/for] him" or "at him", VT49:14, allative senna "to him/her" (VT49:45, 46). Compare the reflexive pronoun insë *"himself, herself".

roa

dog

roa noun "dog" (VT47:35). Also huo.

röa

noun. dog

A word for “dog” appearing in 1968 notes on monosyllabic primitive Elvish nouns (VT47/35). Of the primitive forms, Tolkien first gave ✶wā(w) “dog” and ✶grā “bear”, but ✶wā(w) was struck through and the gloss of ✶grā was changed to “dog”, after which Tolkien wrote Q. roa “dog” (VT47/36). He seems to have been disatisfied with this derivation, however, going on to write a number of primitive animal roots in the upper margin, including ✶yarr- “dog”.

Conceptual Development: ᴱQ. roa “a wild beast” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, derived from primitive ᴱ✶raw̯a under the early root ᴱ√RAVA or ᴱ√RAẆA (QL/79).

Neo-Quenya: Giving Tolkien’s vacillations on these 1968 forms, I’d stick to the better known ᴹQ. huo as the common word for “dog” in (Neo) Quenya, which is the word used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Derivations

  • grawa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
    • GRAW “[unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart” ✧ VT47/35

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
grawa > roa[grawa] > [ɣrawa] > [ɣroa] > [roa]✧ VT47/35

Variations

  • roa ✧ VT47/35

Sindarin 

e

pronoun. he

The meaning "he" is deduced from the apparent function of this word in the so-called "King's Letter", but it also seems possible to interpret it as "indeed" (as in Q. e, LR/63, VT/45:11), used here in a way of formal address expressing the wishes or the will of the King

Sindarin [SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

e

pronoun. he

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. e “he, she, it”

Element in

Sindarin [AotM/062; SD/129] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dog

(i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

dog

(i chû, o chu, construct hu), pl. hui (i chui)

e

he

1) e (SD:128-31), 2) ho, hon, hono. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)

e

he

(SD:128-31)

ho

he

hon, hono. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ho is the nominative ”he”, whereas hon is the accusative ”him”. Hono could be an emphatic form. It may be that all of these pronouns, except e, are ”Noldorin” and were not maintained in Sindarin proper.)*

gawa

howl

(verb) gawa- (i ngawa = i ñawa, in gawar = i ñgawar)

gawa

howl

(i ngawa = i ñawa, in gawar = i ñgawar)

Adûnaic

u

pronoun. he

A well-attested pronominal prefix, the masculine singular pronoun “he” (SD/433). See the entry on pronominal-prefixes for more discussion. Tolkien said that it had another variant hu- (SD/433), but this variant was only appears in the early and rejected hunekkū, which was changed to unekkū (see nakh-). Tolkien further indicated that the form u- primitively had an initial consonant [ɣ] or [ʔ] that was lost (SD/433).

Derivations

  • √Ad. ƷU “he”

Variations

  • u-/hu- ✧ SD/433

raba

noun. dog

A noun translated “dog” and fully declined as an example of a Strong II noun (SD/437). It is also used as an example of a common-noun that can be altered to masculine and feminine forms rabô “male dog” and rabê “bitch” (SD/434).

Adûnaic [SD/434; SD/437] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

ngwaw

root. howl

grawa

noun. dog

Derivations

  • GRAW “[unglossed], [ᴹ√] dark, swart” ✧ VT47/35

Derivatives

  • Q. röa “dog” ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

wā(w)

noun. dog

Changes

  • wā(w)grā “dog” ✧ VT47/35
Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

yarr-

noun. dog, dog; *growl, snarl

In the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, Tolkien gave the root ᴱ√YAPA “snarl, snap, bark ill-temperedly” (QL/105). It had no derivatives in QL, but in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon the words G. gab- “bark, bay (of dogs)” and G. gôbi “a large hound” were clearly related (GL/36). There were no similar forms for many years, but then primitive ✶yarr- “dog” appeared in notes from 1968 (VT47/36). This later primitive was likely related to Q. yarra- “growl, snarl” from the Q. Markirya poem of this same period (MC/223), perhaps from a root ✱√YAR.

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. yarra “️growl, snarl”
  • Q. yarra- “to growl, snarl”
Primitive elvish [VT47/36] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

noun. dog

Noldorin [Ety/364] Group: SINDICT. Published by

noun. dog

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. huo “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHUG > [kʰugo] > [xugo] > [xuɣo] > [xuɣ] > [xūɣ] > [xū] > [hū]✧ Ety/KHUGAN
Noldorin [Ety/KHUGAN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ho

pronoun. he

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ho

pronoun. he

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶sū̆/sō̆ “masc., he” ✧ Ety/S
    • ᴹ√S “demonstrative stem” ✧ Ety/S

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶sū̆/sō̆ > ho[so] > [ho]✧ Ety/S

Variations

  • hon ✧ Ety/S
  • hono ✧ Ety/S

hon

pronoun. he

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

hon(o)

pronoun. he

hono

pronoun. he

Noldorin [Ety/385, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gaw-

verb. to howl

Noldorin [Ety/377, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Primitive adûnaic

ʒu Reconstructed

root. he

A Primitive Adûnaic form attested as u “he” (SD/435), but given the later Adûnaic pronoun Ad. u or hu “he”, the actual primitive pronoun may have been ✱ƷU [ɣu], ✱ʔU or ✱HU [xu], as Tolkien indicated in a footnote (SD/433, note #7). The suffix -u was also a common feature of Classical Adûnaic masculine-nouns.

Derivatives

  • Ad. u “he”

Variations

  • u ✧ SD/435
Primitive adûnaic [SD/435] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

hu

noun. howl

Changes

  • ñōnhu “growl [deleted], groan” ✧ EtyAC/ÑŌ²

Cognates

  • N. ûn “howl; groan” ✧ EtyAC/ÑŌ²

Derivations

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ÑŌ²/ÑONO > hu[ŋu] > [ɣu] > [hu]✧ EtyAC/ÑŌ²

Variations

  • ñōn ✧ EtyAC/ÑŌ² (ñōn)
Qenya [EtyAC/ÑŌ²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

huo

noun. dog

A noun in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “dog” derived from the root ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” (Ety/KHUGAN). It is probably one of the better known words for “dog” in Quenya, and was widely used in Helge Fauskanger’s NQNT (NQNT).

Cognates

  • N. “dog” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHUG “bark, bay” ✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Element in

  • ᴺQ. huolë “litter (of pups, cubs, etc.)”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHUG > huo[kʰugo] > [xugo] > [xuɣo] > [xuo] > [huo]✧ Ety/KHUGAN

Middle Primitive Elvish

ñgaw

root. howl

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. nauro “werewolf” ✧ Ety/ÑGAW
  • ᴹQ. naule “wolfhowl” ✧ Ety/ÑGAW
  • N. gaul “wolfhowl” ✧ Ety/ÑGAW
  • N. gaur “werewolf” ✧ Ety/ÑGAW
  • N. gaw- “to howl” ✧ Ety/ÑGAW
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/ÑGAW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

noun. dog

Changes

  • hûa “dog” ✧ GL/49
  • hûehûa “dog” ✧ GL/49

Cognates

Derivations

Element in

  • G. cuithos hû le mui “a cat and dog life” ✧ GL/27; GL/49
  • G. hûbi “hound” ✧ GL/49 (hûbi)
  • G. huil “bitch, *female dog” ✧ GL/49
  • G. hûn ar hû “between the dog and his bone” ✧ GL/49

Variations

  • hûa ✧ GL/49 (hûa)
  • hûe ✧ GL/49 (hûe)
Gnomish [GL/27; GL/49] Group: Eldamo. Published by

o-

conjunction. he

Element in

  • G. o·gwath lemp nin “he beckons, (lit.) he wags a finger at me” ✧ GL/53 (o·gwath lemp nin*)

Variations

  • ✧ GL/53 ()

on

pronoun. he

Element in

Gnomish [GL/51; GL/62] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

fan(d)

noun. dog

Cognates

  • Eq. fan “dog”

Derivations

Variations

  • fand ✧ PE13/143
  • fan ✧ PE13/143
Early Noldorin [PE13/143] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

swandǝ

noun. dog

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SAẆA “*dog” ✧ QL/082

Derivatives

  • Eq. fan “dog” ✧ PE12/026; QL/082

Variations

  • swǝnd- ✧ QL/082
Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/026; QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

hu

pronoun. he; 3rd sg. masc. pronoun

Element in

  • Eq. (h)úva “*his; 3rd sg. masc. possessive emphatic” ✧ PE14/052
  • Eq. hu·karne ha min “he did it first (i.e. either before anyone else did so, or before he did anything else)” ✧ PE14/084
  • Eq. hu·mate “he eats” ✧ PE14/085
  • Eq. húyo “he (emphatic); 3rd sg. masc. pronoun” ✧ PE14/052
  • Eq. hwa- “his; 3rd sg. masc. possessive” ✧ PE14/052
  • Eq. tára·kasse Taniqetildo, tára·kasisse hu·sórie “on the high top of Taniqetil, on the high peaks he sat” ✧ PE14/078
  • Eq. wingildin o silqelosseën “the foam-maidens with blossom-white hair” ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/104

Variations

  • o ✧ MC/216; PE16/100; PE16/100; PE16/104
  • hu- ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
  • u- ✧ PE14/052
Early Quenya [MC/216; PE14/052; PE14/053; PE14/054; PE14/078; PE14/084; PE14/085; PE16/100; PE16/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

huan

noun. dog

@@@ reflects older sw- > hu-

Changes

  • hwanhuan “dog” ✧ PE12/026
  • huanfan “dog” ✧ PE12/026
  • huanFan ✧ QL/037

Cognates

  • G. “dog”

Element in

Variations

  • hwan ✧ PE12/026 (hwan)
Early Quenya [PE12/026; PE16/132; QL/037] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tu

pronoun. he

Changes

  • tuhu “he” ✧ PE14/078

Element in

Variations

  • tu ✧ PE14/046; PE14/079 (tu)
Early Quenya [PE14/046; PE14/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

u-

prefix. he; 3rd sg. masc. pronoun

o-

prefix. he; 3rd sg. masc. pronoun

fan

noun. dog

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶swandǝ “dog” ✧ PE12/026; QL/082
    • ᴱ√SAẆA “*dog” ✧ QL/082

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶swandǝ > fan[swandǝ] > [swand] > [fand] > [fan]✧ PE12/026

Variations

  • Fan ✧ QL/037
Early Quenya [PE12/026; QL/037; QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by