Quenya 

-nna

to

-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of - "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).

ana

to

ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_

na

to, towards

na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).

-nna

to, at, upon

-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.

Sindarin 

an

preposition. to, towards, for

With suffixed article and elision in aglar'ni Pheriannath

Sindarin [LotR/II:IV, UT/39, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

an

to

_ prep. _to, for. naur an edraith ammen! 'fire [be] for rescue/saving for us'. aglar an|i Pheriannath  'glory to all the Halflings'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:38:102:147] < _ana _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

na

to

e _ prep. _to, towards (of spacetime). n' before vowels. >> nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _nā _< ANA/NĀ to, towards – added to, plu-. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

na

preposition. to

prep. to Na-chaered palan-díriel lit. "To-distance (remote) after-gazing" >> na-chaered, nan 2

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:20-1:25] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

hel-

verb. to freeze

Cognates

  • ᴺQ. hel- “to freeze (of water)”

Derivations

  • KHEL “ice, [ᴹ√] freeze”

Element in

an

to

(prep.) an (+ nasal mutation), with article ni "to the" (+ nasal mutation in plural).

an

to

(adverbial prefix) an-. 3)

Black Speech

u

preposition. to

Element in

Black Speech [LotR/0445; PE17/078; PM/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

heltha-

verb. to strip

The form helta- in the Etymologies is a misreading according to VT/46:14

Noldorin [Ety/386, VT/46:14] Group: SINDICT. Published by

heltha-

verb. to strip, to strip, *flay, peel skin; *to despoil, make bare

Changes

  • halthaheltha “strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Cognates

  • ᴺQ. helta- “to strip, bar, peel; *to despoil, denude”

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶skelta- “to strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL
    • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • On. skhalta- “to strip” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL
    • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶skelta- > heltha[skelta-] > [skeltʰa-] > [skelθa-] > [sxelθa-] > [xelθa-] > [helθa-]✧ Ety/SKEL
On. skhalta- > haltha[sxalta-] > [sxaltʰa-] > [sxalθa-] > [xalθa-] > [halθa-]✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Variations

  • heltha ✧ Ety/SKEL
  • helta ✧ EtyAC/SKEL
  • haltha ✧ EtyAC/SKEL (haltha)
Noldorin [Ety/SKEL; EtyAC/SKEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Old Noldorin 

skhalta-

verb. to strip

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Derivatives

  • N. heltha- “to strip, to strip, flay, peel skin; to despoil, make bare” ✧ EtyAC/SKEL

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√SKAL > skhalta-[skalta-] > [sxalta-]✧ EtyAC/SKEL
Old Noldorin [EtyAC/SKEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skhelta- Reconstructed

verb. to strip

Middle Primitive Elvish

skelta-

verb. to strip

Derivations

  • ᴹ√SKEL “*strip” ✧ Ety/SKEL

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. helta- “to strip, bar, peel; *to despoil, denude”
  • N. heltha- “to strip, to strip, flay, peel skin; to despoil, make bare” ✧ Ety/SKEL
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/SKEL] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

heltha-

verb. to freeze, congeal (tr.)

A transitive verb in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “freeze, congeal (tr.)”, apparently a transitive variant of G. hel- “freeze” (GL/48).

Cognates

  • Eq. hilk- “to freeze”

hel-

verb. to freeze

The verb G. hel- “freeze” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s as derivative of primitive χele-k (GL/48), based on the early root ᴱ√HELE as suggested by Christopher Tolkien (LT1A/Helkar; QL/39).

Neo-Sindarin: Since √KHEL appeared in later writings with glosses like “freeze” (Ety/KHEL) and “ice” (PE17/116), I think ᴺS. hel- “to freeze” can salvaged for Neo-Sindarin.

Cognates

  • Eq. hilk- “to freeze” ✧ LT1A/Helkar

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HELE “*freeze” ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar

Element in

  • G. helfingl “icicle” ✧ GL/48
  • G. helon “frozen” ✧ GL/48
  • G. heltha- “to freeze, congeal (tr.)” ✧ GL/48
  • G. helfileg “frost on panes, etc.” ✧ GL/48
  • G. heloth “frost” ✧ GL/48; LT1A/Helkar

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√χele-k > hel-[xel-] > [hel-]✧ GL/48
Gnomish [GL/48; LT1A/Helkar] Group: Eldamo. Published by

to

proper name. To

Cognates

  • Eq. Tombo “Gong (of the Children)” ✧ PE15/07

Early Noldorin

gwath-

verb. to strip

Variations

  • gwath ✧ PE13/146
Early Noldorin [PE13/146] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

hilk-

verb. to freeze

A verb in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s appearing as ᴱQ. hilkin “it freezes” based on the early root ᴱ√HḶKḶ, a variant of ᴱ√HELE (QL/39).

Neo-Quenya: Since there is no sign of ᴱ√HḶKḶ in Tolkien’s later writings, I think it is best is adapt this verb as ᴺQ. hel- “freeze” based directly on the later root √KHEL of ice words. Since the root is ice-related, I’d limit the meaning of this verb to the freezing of water and similar substances. For freezing weather, I’d use Q. nicu-.

Cognates

  • G. hel- “to freeze” ✧ LT1A/Helkar
  • G. heltha- “to freeze, congeal (tr.)”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√HELE “*freeze” ✧ LT1A/Helkar; QL/039

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√HḶKḶ > hilkin[xḷk-] > [xilk-] > [hilk-]✧ QL/039
Early Quenya [LT1A/Helkar; QL/039] Group: Eldamo. Published by