Quenya
sa
it
sa
pronoun. it
sa
it
sa
pronoun. it
a
interjection. O!
a
interjection. O!
Element in
- S. ae Adar nín i vi Menel “our Father who [art] in Heaven” ✧ VT44/22
- S. a Elbereth Gilthoniel “o Elbereth who lit the stars” ✧ LotR/0238; LotR/0729; RGEO/63; RGEO/64; RGEO/64
- S. a Hîr Annûn Gilthoniel “*oh Lady of the West, Star-kindler” ✧ LB/354
- S. a tiro nin, Fanuilos “o guard me, Elbereth” ✧ LotR/0729; RGEO/64
Variations
- A ✧ LB/354; LotR/0238; LotR/0729; LotR/0729; RGEO/63; RGEO/64; RGEO/64; RGEO/64
- a ✧ Let/279
- Ae ✧ VT44/22
Ae
interjection. O!
ae
interjection. O!
ten
pronoun. (?) it (as object)
ha
it
ha, han, hana. (The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)
ha
it
han, hana. *(The distinctions between these forms are unclear. Possibly ha is the nominative, whereas han is the accusative. Hana could be an emphatic form. It may be that these pronouns as ”N” rather than Sindarin proper.)*
ha
pronoun. it
ha
pronoun. it
Derivations
- ᴹ√S “demonstrative stem” ✧ Ety/S
Element in
- N. im Narvi hain echant “I Narvi made them” ✧ TI/182
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴹ√S > ha [sa] > [ha] ✧ Ety/S Variations
- hana ✧ Ety/S
hana
pronoun. it
hana
pronoun. it
Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!
ha
pronoun. it, subjective abstract particle
Element in
- ᴹQ. ha inya karite “I am to (have to) make it” ✧ PE22/123
- ᴹQ. ha le·nye karite “making it for me (would be kind) of you” ✧ PE22/119
- ᴹQ. ha mólome a·ndake poldórear “it is hard work to kill the strong” ✧ PE22/123
- ᴹQ. ha mólome le·nakin(ye) “it is hard work for you to kill me” ✧ PE22/120
- ᴹQ. yára Túro mante ilqa masta ha mé·ne úmahtale “old Túro’s eating of all the bread was a nuisance to us” ✧ PE22/119
the
pronoun. it
Element in
- ᴹQ. etta matie the ye úmahta “his eating it is a nuisance” ✧ PE22/119
ha
pronoun. it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun
Element in
- Eq. (h)áva “*its; 3rd sg. neut. possessive emphatic” ✧ PE14/052
- Eq. ha·matsir “one eats it, it is eaten” ✧ PE14/056; PE14/085
- Eq. (h)a·tule “it comes (some definite thing)” ✧ PE14/052
- Eq. ha·tule “it (some definite thing) comes” ✧ PE14/085
- Eq. hu·karne ha min “he did it first (i.e. either before anyone else did so, or before he did anything else)” ✧ PE14/084
- Eq. hea “it (emphatic); 3rd sg. neut. pronoun” ✧ PE14/052
- Eq. ha- “*its; 3rd sg. neut. possessive” ✧ PE14/052
- Eq. unlunke naiqe yu vaile·na ar elle ha men ambostuva “*he pulled his sword from the sheath and drove it into the breast” ✧ PE16/146
Variations
- ha- ✧ PE14/052; PE14/085
- a- ✧ PE14/052
- (h)a ✧ PE14/052
a
pronoun. it
Element in
- Eq. a kálie kulundon “it shone like gold” ✧ PE14/046
ai
interjection. o!, ha!
@@@ appears as ail in later printings vs. early printing ai!
Cognates
- G. ai “oh!”
Derivations
- ᴱ√AYA “honour, revere” ✧ QL/034
Element in
- Eq. ai lindórea Lasselanta “*oh with singing at dawn Fall” ✧ VT40/08
- Eq. ai lintuilind(ov)a Lasselanta “*oh Fall with its many swallows” ✧ VT40/08
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ᴱ√AY̯A > ai [aja] > [ajǝ] > [aj] > [ai] ✧ QL/034 Variations
- Ai ✧ VT40/08; VT40/08
a-
prefix. it; 3rd sg. neut. pronoun
sa pron. "it", 3rd person sg, corresponding to the ending -s (VT49:30). Used of inanimate things or abstracts (VT49:37; plants are considered animate; see se). For sa as object, cf. the sentence ecë nin carë sa "I can do it" (VT49:34). Stressed sá (VT49:51). Ósa "with it" (VT43:36). Also compare the reflexive pronoun insa "itself", q.v. In one text, sa is also defined as "that" (VT49:18); apparently Tolkien also at one point considered giving sa a plural significance, so that it meant *"they, them" of inanimate things, the counterpart of "personal" té (VT49:51).