yelwa

loathsome

yelwa (1) adj. "loathsome" (DYEL; according to VT45:11, Tolkien changed this word from yelva.)

orco

orc

orco ("k") noun "Orc", pl. orcor or orqui (WJ:390, ÓROK; pl. Orcor also in WJ:12, MR:74, 194). If the pl. form orqui is preferred, the word should be assigned the stem-form orcu-. Early "Qenya" has orc ("k") (orqu-) ("q") "monster, demon" (LT1:264; in LotR-style Quenya, no word can end in -rc.)

orco

noun. Orc

This word was adapted from its Sindarin cognate orch, since the Noldor did not encounter orcs until they returned to Middle-earth (WJ/390). There are two attested plurals for this word, orqui and orcor. One possible scenario is that the word was at first treated as a u-stem noun by analogy with urco (urcu-), but later as the two words were disassociated, the declension of orco was regularized and treated as an ordinary vocalic noun.

This is the theory followed here, so that orcor is considered the regular plural and orqui archaic, probably active only in the First Age. If you use the orqui plural, you should also treat this as a u-stem noun (orcu-). @@@

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
• Bs. uruk “Orc” ✧ PE17/047
• Wes. orka “orc” ✧ PE17/047

Derivations

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
  • ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389
  • ✶urkā “horrible” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Variations

• orko ✧ WJ/390
• Orko ✧ WJI/Orc(s)

urco

orc

urco ("k"), stem *urcu- and pl. urqui, noun: an old word used in the lore of the Blessed Realm for anything that caused fear to the Elves during the March; by the Exiled Noldor the word was recognized as the cognate of Sindarin orch and used to mean "Orc". The Sindarin-influenced form orco was also used. (WJ:390)

glamog

noun. an Orc, "a yelling one"

glamog

noun. orc

Element in

• S. Glamdring “Foe-hammer” ✧ WJ/391
• S. Glamhoth “Orcs, (lit.) Din-horde, Host of Tumult” ✧ WJI/Glamhoth

Variations

• Glamog ✧ WJI/Glamhoth

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs

orch

Orc

pl1. yrch, pl2. orchoth** ** n. Orc. Nand. ūriſ.

orch

noun. Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin

Cognates

• Ad. uruk “orc, goblin” ✧ WJ/390
• Bs. uruk “Orc” ✧ WJ/390; Let/178; PE17/052
• Kh. rukhs “Orc” ✧ WJ/390
• Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
• Nan. urch “Orc” ✧ PE17/054

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389
• ✶urkā “horrible” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Derivatives

• Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390

Element in

• ᴺS. erchion “orchish”
• S. Orcrist “Orc-cleaver”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶urkō > orch	[urkō] > [urko] > [urkʰo] > [urxo] > [orxo] > [orx]	✧ WJ/390
✶urkā > orch	[urkā] > [urka] > [urkʰa] > [urxa] > [orxa] > [orx]	✧ WJ/390
✶urkō > Yrch	[urkī] > [urki] > [urkʰi] > [urxi] > [orxi] > [urxi] > [yrxi] > [yrx]	✧ WJ/390

Variations

• Orch ✧ WJ/390; WJI/Orc(s)

urug

noun. Orc (rarely used)

urug

noun. "bogey", anything that caused fear to the Elves, any dubious shape or shadow, or prowling creature

orchoth

noun. the Orcs (as a race)

glam

body of orcs

(i ’lam) (din, uproar, tumult, confused yelling of beasts; shouting, confused noise), pl. glaim (in glaim), coll. pl. glammath

glamhoth

host of tumult

(a term for Orcs, also translated ”Yelling-horde”). (UT:54, MR:109, 195;

orch

orc

orch (pl. yrch**, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms: 1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i **lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

orch

orc

(pl. yrch, archaic †yrchy, coll. pl. orchoth). (RGEO:66, Names:171, Letters:178, MR:195; WJ:390-91, VT46:7). Other terms:  1) urug (monster, bogey), pl. yryg, 2) glamog (i ’lamog), pl. glemyg (in glemyg) (WJ:391), 3) ”

urch

noun. Orc

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ PE17/054

urc

noun. Orc

pl. yrc. In the Etymologies, the primitive form of this word is given as órku (defined as "goblin"), derived from an undefined stem ÓROK (LR:379).

This stem may be understood as a vowel-prefixed variant of the stem ROK "horse", assuming that this originally referred to the steed of the monstrous "dark Rider upon his wild horse" that haunted the Elves by Cuiviénen, assuming that the stem ROK was originally associated with Melkor's creatures. However, Tolkien later derived the Elvish words for "Orc" from a stem RUKU having to do with fear (WJ:389) and listed tentative primitive forms: urku, uruku, urkô. Since primitive final -u is lost in Nandorin (cf. Utum from Utubnu), the forms urku and uruku would evidently be capable of yielding Green-elven urc (while urkô would rather come out as *urca; cf. golda "Noldo" from ñgolodô). The plural form yrc clearly shows umlaut caused by the lost Primitive Quendian plural ending -î; cf. the umlaut caused by the primitive adjectival ending -i, primitive lugni "blue" yielding lygn.

ūriʃ

noun. orcs

uruk

noun. Orc

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ WJ/390; Let/178; PE17/052
• Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Element in

• Bs. Uruk-hai “Orc-folk” ✧ WJI/Uruk

Variations

• Uruks ✧ LotR/0324; LotRI/Uruks
• uruks ✧ SD/033
• Uruk ✧ WJI/Uruk

rukhs

noun. Orc

Cognates

• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ WJ/390

Derivations

• ✶urku/urkō “orc” ✧ WJ/390
  • √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Variations

• Rukhs ✧ WJ/391
• Rúkhs ✧ WJI/Rúkhs

urku/urkō

noun. orc

Derivations

• √RUK “terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, terrible shapes and the fear they inspire, [ᴹ√] demon” ✧ WJ/389

Derivatives

• Ad. uruk “orc, goblin” ✧ WJ/390
• Bs. uruk “Orc” ✧ WJ/390
• Kh. rukhs “Orc” ✧ WJ/390
• Q. urco “bogey, orc” ✧ WJ/390
• S. orch “Orc, Orc, [N.] goblin” ✧ WJ/390
  • Q. orco “Orc” ✧ PE17/047; WJ/390
• S. urug “bogey” ✧ WJ/390

Variations

• uruk ✧ WJ/390
• urku/uruku ✧ WJ/390
• urkō ✧ WJ/390

glamhoth

noun. barbaric host of Orcs