Sindarin 

dag-

verb. to slay, to slay, [ᴱN.] kill

A verb meaning “to slay” derived from the root √NDAK, best known from its passive participle dangen as in Haudh-en-Ndengin “Hill of Slain” (S/197). Tolkien wrote a set of possible past forms aðag, aðanc, aðarch in notes from 1962 (PE17/131), and the verb appeared in its (Noldorin) infinitive form degi “to slay” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√NDAK “slay” (Ety/NDAK), along with another couple of (Noldorin) past forms: danc, degant (EtyAC/NDAK). The verb form ᴱN. (n)dag- “to slay” appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s (PE13/141), but its present form dág was glossed “kills” and in the contemporaneous Early Noldorin Grammar the form dagion was likewise glossed “I kill” (PE13/130). Thus “slay” and “kill” are both viable translations.

Possible Etymology: In notes from around 1962, Tolkien gave ✶dankĭna as the primitive form of its passive participle dangen, indicating a root √DAK rather than √NDAK, which is also consistent with its nasal mutated plural form on that page: {i dengin >>} i nengin (PE17/133). The 1964 past forms aðag and aðanc also seem to indicate derivation from √DAK (PE17/131). In notes from around 1967, however, Tolkien had the mixed mutated form n(d)engin in the phrase i·m(b)air en N(d)engin, indicating √NDAK, and he consistently gave nac- for the equivalent Quenya forms, so the early 1960s flirtation with √DAK seems to have been a transient idea.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume the root is √NDAK, and hence I’d give it the past form ✱annanc “slayed” rather than aðanc.

Cognates

  • Q. nac- “to hew, cut, to hew, cut; [ᴹQ.] to kill, slay; to hate”

Derivations

  • NDAK “hew, slay, slay; hew” ✧ SA/dagor

Element in

  • S. Dagmor “?Slayer of Darkness”
  • S. dagnir “slayer, bane” ✧ PE17/097; SA/dagor
  • S. dangen “slain” ✧ PE17/133

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ndak- > Dag-[ndak-] > [dak-] > [dag-]✧ SA/dagor

Variations

  • Dag- ✧ SA/dagor (Dag-)
Sindarin [PE17/097; PE17/131; PE17/133; SA/dagor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

ndakta-

verb. to slay

Derivations

  • NDAK “hew, slay, slay; hew” ✧ PE22/156

Derivatives

  • Q. nahta- “to slay; to hurt, injure, wound, to slay, [ᴱQ.] slay cruelly; [Q.] to hurt, injure, wound” ✧ PE22/156

Variations

  • ndakta ✧ PE22/156
Primitive elvish [PE22/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

dag-

verb. to slay

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. nak- “to kill, slay; to hate”

Derivations

  • On. ndak- “to slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK
    • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. ndakie > degi[ndakie] > [dakie] > [dekie] > [deki] > [degi]✧ Ety/NDAK
Noldorin [Ety/NDAK; EtyAC/NDAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

nahta-

verb. to slay

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ PE22/102
  • ᴹ✶ndagta- ✧ PE22/115
    • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ PE22/115

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NDAG > nahta-[ndagta-] > [ndakta-] > [nakta-] > [naxta-]✧ PE22/102
Qenya [PE22/093; PE22/102; PE22/104; PE22/114; PE22/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

ndak-

verb. to slay

Derivations

  • ᴹ√(N)DAK “slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Derivatives

  • N. dag- “to slay” ✧ Ety/NDAK

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√NDAK > ndakie[ndak-]✧ Ety/NDAK
Old Noldorin [Ety/NDAK] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

ecthadra-

verb. to slay, put to the sword

A word in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s glossed “slay, put to the sword”, a verb form of G. ectha “sword” (GL/31).

Early Primitive Elvish

dak-

verb. to slay

Derivations

  • ᴱ√DAGA “*slay” ✧ PE14/065

Derivatives

  • En. dag- “to slay, kill” ✧ PE14/066
Early Primitive Elvish [PE14/066] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

mak-

verb. to slay