turu

wood

turu (3) noun "wood" (properly firewood, but used of wood in general) (LT1:270)

tavar

wood

tavar (1) noun "wood" (TÁWAR)

toina

adjective. wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood

A word glossed “wood” appearing in a list of “large & small” roots from around 1968 derived from primitive ✶tawĭnā (PE17/115) and hence probably an adjective “✱wooden, (made) of wood” as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (QQ/toina).

Conceptual Development: In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien instead had ᴹQ. taurina “of wood”, an adjectival form of ᴹQ. tavar “wood (material)” (Ety/TÁWAR). The word ᴹQ. toina appeared in notes on The Feanorian Alphabet from the 1940s, but was unglossed, so whether it meant “✱wooden” is unclear.

Cognates

• S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115

Derivations

• ✶tawinā “wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Elements

Word	Gloss
-ina	“adjective suffix; passive participle”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶tawĭnā > toina	[tawinā] > [toinā] > [toina]	✧ PE17/115

taur

noun. great wood, forest

eryn

noun. wood

glad

noun. wood

glad

noun. wood

A word for a “wood” in the name Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” (UT/153) and possibly also Gladuial “✱Twilight Wood” (WJ/183, 188 note #48). It resembles galadh “tree” and is probably related to it, but it cannot be derived directly from the same root ᴹ√GALAD as that would produce ✱✱gladh. It was either derived from a variant root ✱√GALAT, or was a loan word from Nandorin where the word for “tree” was Nan. galad (MR/182; PE17/50, 60).

Element in

• S. Methed-en-Glad “End of the Wood” ✧ UT/153
• S. Gladuial “*Twilight Wood”

Variations

• Glad ✧ UT/153

eryn

wood

1) (forest) eryn. No distinct pl. form. 2) glâd (i **lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid**) See FOREST. 2)

eryn

wood

. No distinct pl. form.

glâd

wood

(i ’lâd, construct glad) (small forest), pl. glaid (in glaid) See FOREST. 2)

tawar

wood

(as material) tawar (i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).

tawar

wood

(i dawar, o thawar) (forest), pl. tewair (i thewair).

taw

root. wood

Tolkien used a similar set of words for “forest” starting with the earliest versions of Elvish, but their derivation evolved somewhat over time. The earliest related root was ᴱ√TAVA “beam” with variant ᴱ√TAFA (the latter marked by Tolkien with a “?” and with no obvious derivatives) from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s as the basis for words like ᴱQ. taule “great tree”, ᴱQ. tauno “forest” and ᴱQ. tavar “dale-sprite” (QL/90). It also had derivatives in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. tavros/G. taur “forest” and G. tavor “wood fay” (GL/69).

ᴱQ. taure “forest” did not appear as an independent word until drafts of the Oilima Markirya from around 1930 (PE16/62; MC/213). Thereafter Tolkien mostly stuck with Q. taurë and N./S. taur for “forest”. In The Etymologies of the 1930s Tolkien gave the root ᴹ√TAWAR “wood, forest” (Ety/TÁWAR), though in one place it was ᴹ√TAR (EtyAC/TUR). In notes associated with the Quendi and Eldar essay from 1959-60 Tolkien gave √TAWA “wood”, and in notes on “large & small” roots from 1968 Tolkien had √TAW “wood” (PE17/115).

Derivatives

• ✶taurē “forest” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • S. taur “forest, wood, forest, wood, [N.] great wood, [G.] dense wood” ✧ PE17/115
• ✶tawinā “wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • Q. toina “wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood” ✧ PE17/115
  • S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. tauca “stiff, wooden” ✧ PE17/115
• Q. taurë “forest, (great) wood” ✧ VT39/07
• ᴺQ. tauron “forester”
• Q. táva “great tree” ✧ PE17/115
• ᴺQ. tavas “woodland”
• Q. töa “wood (as material)” ✧ PE17/115
• S. taug “firm, strong, (?withstand)” ✧ PE17/115
• S. taw “wood as material” ✧ PE17/115

Element in

• ᴺQ. taucolca “(wooden) chest”
• Q. tautamo “carpenter (carver)”

Variations

• TAWA ✧ VT39/07

tawinā

adjective. wood

Derivations

• √TAW “wood” ✧ PE17/115

Derivatives

• Q. toina “wood, wood, *wooden, made of wood” ✧ PE17/115
• S. tawen “wood (of material), ?wooden (of make), wood (of material), wooden (of make)” ✧ PE17/115

Variations

• tawĭnā ✧ PE17/115

taur

noun. great wood, forest