Quenya 

histë

dusk

histë noun "dusk" (LT1:255)

hísë

dusk

hísë (2) noun "dusk" (LT1:255). A "Qenya" form possibly obsoleted by #1 above.

usque

noun. dusk

dusk

Quenya [PE 18:50 PE 18:100] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

lúmë

darkness

lúmë (2) noun "darkness" (one wonders if Tolkien confused lúmë "time, hour" and lómë "night") (Markirya)

lúmë

noun. darkness

A noun in the 1960s versions of the Markirya glossed “darkness” (MC/222), perhaps derived from a root √DU as suggested by David Salo in a post to the Elfling mailing list in 2012 (Elfling/362.96).

Neo-Quenya: I’d generally use Q. huinë for “darkness” in Neo-Quenya, but that word is more for total darkness, whereas lúmë might be a less severe form of darkness, a variant of Q. lómë “night, dusk”.

Derivations

  • DU “dark”

Element in

Variations

  • lúme ✧ MC/222

usque

noun. dusk, twilight

Quenya [PE 22:51] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

Fui

night

Fui noun "Night" (PHUY) - variant Hui, which form is probably to be preferred in light of Tolkien's later insight that the related word fuinë (see below) is actually Telerin, the proper Quenya form being huinë.

Hui

night

Hui noun "Night" (PHUY), in earlier "Qenya" defined as "evening" _(MC:214) or"fog, dark, murk, night" (LT1:253)._

lómë

dusk, twilight

lómë noun "dusk, twilight", also "night"; according to SD:415, the stem is lómi- (contrast the "Qenya" genitive lómen rather than **lómin in VT45:28). According to PE17:152, lómë refers to night "when viewed favourably, as a rule, but it became the general rule" (cf. SD:414-415 regarding lōmi as an Adûnaic loan-word based on lómë, meaning "fair night, a night of stars" with "no connotations of gloom or fear"). In the battle-cry auta i lómë "the night is passing" (Silm. ch. 20), the "night" would however seem to refer metaphorically to the reign of Morgoth. As for the gloss, cf. Lómion masc. name "Child of Twilight [dusk]", the Quenya name Aredhel secretly gave to Maeglin _(SA). Otherwise lómë is usually defined as "night" (Letters:308, LR:41, SD:302 cf.414-15, SA:dú)_; the _Etymologies defines lómë as "Night [as phenomenon], night-time, shades of night, Dark" (DO3/DŌ, LUM, DOMO, VT45:28), or "night-light" (VT45:28, reading of _lómë uncertain). In early "Qenya" the gloss was "dusk, gloom, darkness" (LT1:255). Cf. lómelindëpl. lómelindi "nightingale" _(SA:dú, LR:41; SD:302, MR:172, DO3/DŌ, LIN2, TIN). _Derived adjective #lómëa "gloomy" in Lómëanor "Gloomyland"; see Taurelilómëa-tumbalemorna...

mor

darkness

mor noun "darkness" (Letters:308; probably just an Elvish "element" rather than a complete word; Namárië has mornië for "darkness")

mornië

darkness

mornië noun "darkness" (Nam, RGEO:67), "dark, blackness" (PE17:73). Early "Qenya" also has Mornië "Black Grief", "the black ship that plies between Mandos and Erumáni" (LT1:261). This is probably a compound of mor- "black" and nië "tear".

lanta

fall

lanta (1) noun "a fall" (DAT/DANT (TALÁT) ), also lantë.

lanta-

fall

lanta- (2) "fall" (DAT/DANT (TALÁT), Narqelion, VT45:26, VT49:54); lantar aorist tense pl. (Nam, RGEO:66); pl. pa.t. lantaner "fell" (pl.) (SD:246); lantier "they fell", a plural past tense of lanta- "fall" occurring in LR:47; read probably lantaner in LotR-style Quenya, as in SD:246. Also sg. lantië "fell" (LR:56); read likewise *lantanë? (The forms in -ier, - seem to be properly perfects.) Future tense lantuva, VT49:47. Participle lantala "falling" (with locative ending: lantalassë) in Markirya.

lantar

fall

-r plural ending used on verbs with a plural subject (VT49:48, 50, 51), e.g. lantar "fall" in Namárië (with the plural subject lassi "leaves"), or unduláver as the pl. form of undulávë "licked down, covered" (PE17:72). The ending is sometimes missing where we might expect it; for instance, the verb tarnë "stood" has multiple subjects and yet does not appear as *tarner in PE17:71.

lantë

fall

#lantë (1) noun "fall" in Noldolantë, q.v. Also lanta.

lantë

noun. fall

The word lasselanta “leaf-fall, autumn” (LotR/1107) indicate the form this word should be lanta, which is how it appears in The Etymologies. However, the alternate lassewinta (PM/376) seems to be formed with the infinitive of the verb winta- rather than a noun, so perhaps lasselanta is a similar formation from the verb lanta- “to fall”.

The form lantë, appearing in Noldolantë “Fall of the Noldor” (S/87), more strongly resembles other Quenya nouns, which more often end in -e rather than -a. The noun atalantë “collapse, downfall” is a similar formation from the related verb [ᴹQ.] atalta-, though it could also be the past formation “downfallen” of this TALAT-stem verb.

Derivations

  • DAT “fall down, fall to ground”

Element in

night, a night

(1) noun "night, a night" (DO3/DŌ, VT45:28)

mori

night

mori noun "night" (LT1:261, in Tolkien's later Quenya mórë, morë)

mórilanta

noun. nightfall

Elements

WordGloss
morë“dark, black; darkness, night, dark, black; darkness, [ᴹQ.] blackness, [Q.] night”
lanta“fall; falling, fall; falling, [ᴱQ.] fallen”

olo

night

?olo (reading uncertain), possibly a synonym of #1, hence noun "night" (VT45:28)

sinyë

evening

sinyë (þ) noun "evening" (THIN)

vinyë

evening

[vinyë noun "evening" (VT46:21)]

Sindarin 

night

_ n. _night (when viewed favourably). Q. lóme.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:152] < _dōmē _< DOM. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

noun. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness

Sindarin [Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dimness

_ n. _dimness. >> Nanduhirion

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:37:87] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

noun. night, dimness; dim, dark, night, dimness; [N.] night-fall, late evening; [S.] dim, dark

Cognates

  • Q. lómë “night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, night, dimness, twilight, dusk, darkness, [ᴹQ.] night-time, shades of night, gloom; [ᴱQ.] shadow, cloud” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú; SA/lómë

Derivations

  • dōmē “night, twilight” ✧ PE17/152; SA/dú
    • DOM “dark, dark, [ᴹ√] faint, dim” ✧ PE17/152

Element in

  • S. Deldúwath “Deadly Nightshade, (lit.) Horror of Night-shadow” ✧ SA/dú
  • S. dúath “night shadow, dark/black shadow, night shadow, dark/black shadow, [N.] night-shade” ✧ PE17/087; PE17/152; SA/dú
  • S. dúlin “nightingale” ✧ SA/dú
  • ᴺS. dúvad “supper, dinner”
  • S. Nanduhirion “Dimrill Dale, (lit.) Vale of (the Region of) Dim Streams” ✧ PE17/037; RC/269; SA/sîr
  • S. tinnu “*twilight, [N.] (starry) twilight, dusk, early night (without moon)”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
dōmē > [dōmē] > [dūme] > [dūme] > [dūm] > [dūv] > [dū]✧ PE17/152
dōmē > [dōmē] > [dūme] > [dūme] > [dūm] > [dūv] > [dū]✧ SA/dú

Variations

  • ✧ SA/dú; SA/lómë; SA/sîr
Sindarin [NM/283; PE17/037; PE17/087; PE17/152; RC/269; SA/dú; SA/lómë; SA/sîr] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dúath

noun. darkness, shadow

Sindarin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

dúath

noun. nightshade

Sindarin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

moth

noun. dusk

Element in

aduial

noun. the evening, time of star-opening, "evendim"

Sindarin [LotR/D] ad + uial "second twilight". Group: SINDICT. Published by

dant

noun. fall

Sindarin [MR/373] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fuin

noun. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness

Sindarin [Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431] Group: SINDICT. Published by

danna

fall

_ v. _fall. Q. lanta-.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:66] DAN-TA. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

danna-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

Sindarin [Ety/354, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

môr

noun. darkness, dark, night

Sindarin [Ety/373, Letters/382] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lant

noun. fall

Sindarin [Lanthir S/406, PM/349] Q lanta. Group: SINDICT. Published by

lant

fall

_(noun) _1) #lant (pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lant

fall

(pl. laint, coll. pl. lannath). This is apparently a Quenya borrowing, dant being the native Sindarin word. Note: a homophone means ”clearing in forest”. 2) pend (i bend, o phend; construct pen) (declivity), pl. pind (i phind), coll. pl. pennath. 3)

lanthir

waterfall

(no distinct pl. form). Coll. pl. lanthiriath.

morn

night

(i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).

thîn

evening

†*thîn (no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. thíniath). The form cited in LR:392 s.v. __ is not marked as containing a long vowel (“thin”).

thîn

evening

(no distinct pl. form; coll. pl. thíniath). The form cited in LR:392 s.v. THIN is not marked as containing a long vowel (“thin”).

night

1) (i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) morn (i vorn) (darkness), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word is also used as an adjective ”dark, black” (Letters:386).

dusk

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

late evening

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

darkness

1) (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302), 2) fuin (gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form. 3) môr (i vôr, construct mor), pl. mŷr (i mŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)

darkness

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, dusk), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

nightfall

(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

nightfall

(i dhû) (night, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

late evening

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

late evening

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

late evening

(i dhû) (night, nightfall, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

night

(i dhû) (nightfall, dusk, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302)

dúath

nightshade

(i dhúath) (dark shadow), pl. dúaith (i núaith).

moth

dusk

1) moth (i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read *môth with a long vowel. 2) (i dhû) (night, nightfall, late evening, darkness), pl. dui (i nui) (SD:302).

moth

dusk

(i voth), pl. myth (i myth). David Salo would read ✱môth with a long vowel.

tinnu

dusk

tinnu (i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

tinnu

dusk

(i dinnu, o thinnu) (twilight, starlit evening, early night without a moon, starry twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

daw

nighttime

(i dhaw) (gloom), pl. doe (i noe), coll. pl. ?dawath or ?doath.

dant

fall, falling

(i dhant) (autumn), pl. daint (i naint), also (and maybe particularly when the meaning is "autumn") dannas (i dhannas), pl. dannais (i nannais) (PM:135)

dath

steep fall

(i dhath) (hole, pit, abyss), pl. daith (i naith) (VT45:8).

fuin

darkness

(gloom, night, dead of night, nightshade). No distinct pl. form.

fuin

night, nightshade, dead of night

(gloom, darkness). No distinct pl. form.

danna

fall

(verb) ?danna- (i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

danna

fall

(i dhanna, i nannar), pa.t. dant, past participle ("fallen") dannen, pl. dennin.

tinnu

starlit evening

(i** dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, twilight, early night without a moon), pl. tinny (i** thynny) if there is a pl. Verb

tinnu

early night without a moon

(i dinnu, o thinnu) (dusk, twilight), pl. tinny (i thynny) if there is a pl.

môr

darkness

(i vôr, construct mor), pl. m**ŷr (i m**ŷr) if there is a pl. (Letters:382); 4 morn (i vorn) (night), pl. myrn (i myrn). Note: the word môr, morn is also used as an adjective ”dark, black”. (Letters:386)

thinna

grow toward evening

(fade).

Black Speech

burzum

noun. darkness

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
búrz“dark”
-um“particularizing suffix”
Black Speech [LotR/0254; PE17/011; PE17/012] Group: Eldamo. Published by

burzum

noun. darkness

Black Speech [PE17/11] Published by

Primitive elvish

us(u)kwē

noun. dusk

Derivations

  • USUK “dusk, evening, *reek, smoke; dusk, evening” ✧ PE18/100; PE21/71

Derivatives

  • Q. usquë “dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] reek, *smoke; [Q.] dusk, dim light, [ᴹQ.] twilight; [ᴱQ.] fog” ✧ PE18/100; PE21/71

Variations

  • uskwē ✧ PE18/100
  • usukwē ✧ PE21/71
Primitive elvish [PE18/100; PE21/71] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

noun. nightfall, late evening, night, dimness

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430, VT/45:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

noun. night, night-fall, late evening

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. “night, a night” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
  • ᴹQ. lóme “night, night-time, shades of night, gloom” ✧ SD/302

Derivations

  • ᴹ√DOƷ “night” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; Ety/DYEL; Ety/DOMO
  • ᴹ✶dōmi “night, twilight, gloom” ✧ SD/302
    • ᴹ√DOM “faint, dim” ✧ Ety/DOMO

Element in

  • N. Delduthling “Ungoliant, *(lit.) Horror Night Spider” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
  • N. Deldúwath “Deadly Nightshade” ✧ Ety/DYEL
  • N. dú(w)ath “night-shade” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
  • N. dúlin(n) “nightingale” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; SD/302
  • N. Mordu “*Black Night”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√DOƷ/DÔ > [dō] > [dū]✧ Ety/DOƷ
ᴹ✶dōmi > dūmh > [dōmi] > [dōme] > [dūme] > [dūm] > [dūv] > [dū]✧ SD/302

Variations

  • ✧ Ety/DYEL ()
  • ✧ SD/302
Noldorin [Ety/DOƷ; Ety/DYEL; EtyAC/DOMO; SD/302] Group: Eldamo. Published by

dúath

noun. darkness, shadow

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

dúath

noun. nightshade

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

dúwath

noun. darkness, shadow

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

dúwath

noun. nightshade

Noldorin [Ety/354, S/430] Either the collective plural of dû, or a compound dû+gwath "night shade" (hence dúwath). Group: SINDICT. Published by

tindu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tindu

noun. starry twilight

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

daw

noun. night-time, gloom

Noldorin [Ety/354] Group: SINDICT. Published by

fuin

noun. night, dead of night, gloom, darkness

Noldorin [Ety/354, Ety/382, S/431] Group: SINDICT. Published by

dant-

verb. to fall

Written dant- in the Etymologies

Noldorin [Ety/354, X/Z] Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinnu

noun. dusk, twilight, early night (without Moon)

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

tinnu

noun. starry twilight

Noldorin [Ety/355, Ety/393, X/ND2] tinu+dû. Group: SINDICT. Published by

môr

noun. darkness, dark, night

Noldorin [Ety/373, Letters/382] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gwîn

noun. evening

Changes

  • gweingwîn “evening” ✧ EtyAC/WIN

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. vinye “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶winyē “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN
    • ᴹ√WIN(I)D “pale blue” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶winyā > gwein[winjā] > [winja] > [gwinja] > [gwenja] > [gwenia] > [gweni] > [gwein]✧ Ety/WIN
ᴹ✶winyā > gwîn[winji] > [winji] > [gwinji] > [gwenī] > [gwini] > [gwin] > [gwīn]✧ Ety/WIN
ᴹ✶winyē > gwîn[winjē] > [winje] > [gwinje] > [gwinie] > [gwini] > [gwin] > [gwīn]✧ EtyAC/WIN

Variations

  • gwein ✧ Ety/WIN (gwein)
  • gwîn ✧ EtyAC/WIN (gwîn)
Noldorin [Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thîn

noun. evening

Noldorin [Ety/392, VT/46:18] Group: SINDICT. Published by

thîn

noun. evening

Changes

  • sînthîn ✧ Ety/THIN

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. sinye “evening” ✧ Ety/THIN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√THIN “*grey” ✧ Ety/THIN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√THIN > thîn[tʰinje] > [θinje] > [θinie] > [θini] > [θin] > [θīn]✧ Ety/THIN

Variations

  • thin ✧ EtyAC/THIN (thin)
  • sîn ✧ EtyAC/THIN (sîn)
Noldorin [Ety/THIN; EtyAC/THIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Ancient telerin

uso

noun. dusk

Derivations

  • USUK “dusk, evening, *reek, smoke; dusk, evening” ✧ PE21/71

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
usuk > uso[usuk] > [usu] > [uso]✧ PE21/71
Ancient telerin [PE21/72] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive adûnaic

kalab

root. fall

A Primitive Adûnaic root gloss “fall” (SD/416) appearing as an element in the name Akallabêth (PM/158) and also most likely the basis for the verb kalab- “to fall (down)”.

Derivatives

  • Ad. kalab- “to fall (down)”

Element in

Primitive adûnaic [PM/158; SD/416] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

núre

noun. night

Derivations

  • ᴹ√NDŪ “go down, sink, set (of Sun)”

Element in

hui

proper name. Night

A name for (Primordial?) Night appearing in The Etymologies from the 1930s as a derivative of the root ᴹ√PHUY, along with its (archaic?) variant Fui (Ety/PHUY).

Conceptual Development: This name is most likely a remnant of the name ᴱQ. Fui from the earliest Lost Tales, where it was another name for the goddess ᴱQ. Nienna (LT1/66, LT1A/Fui). According to the Qenya and Gnomish Lexicons from the 1910s, this earlier version of the name is derived from the root ᴱ√ǶUẎU (GL/36, QL/38).

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PHUY “*darkness” ✧ Ety/PHUY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PHUY > Fui > Hui[pʰui] > [ɸui] > [hui]✧ Ety/PHUY

lanta

noun. fall

Derivations

  • ᴹ√DAT “fall down” ✧ Ety/DAT; Ety/TALÁT

Element in

  • ᴹQ. lasselanta “leaf-fall, autumn; October” ✧ Ety/DAT

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√DANT > lanta[danta] > [lanta]✧ Ety/DAT
ᴹ√DAT > lanta[danta] > [lanta]✧ Ety/TALÁT
Qenya [Ety/DAT; Ety/TALÁT] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sinye

noun. evening

Cognates

  • N. thîn “evening” ✧ Ety/THIN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√THIN “*grey” ✧ Ety/THIN

Element in

  • ᴺQ. sinyemat “dinner, evening meal”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√THIN > sinye[tʰinje] > [θinje] > [sinje]✧ Ety/THIN

vinye

noun. evening

Changes

  • vinyavinye “evening” ✧ EtyAC/WIN

Cognates

  • N. gwîn “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN
  • Ilk. gwine “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶winyē “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN
    • ᴹ√WIN(I)D “pale blue” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶winyā > winya > vinya[winjā] > [winja] > [vinja]✧ Ety/WIN
ᴹ✶winyē > vinye[winjē] > [winje] > [vinje]✧ EtyAC/WIN

Variations

  • vinya ✧ Ety/WIN (vinya)
Qenya [Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

ungol

noun. darkness

A noun for “darkness” developed from the root ᴹ√UÑG (Ety/UÑG), perhaps from a primitive form ✱✶uñglē̆ [uŋglē̆] as suggested by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/ungol): after the [[ilk|primitive final [e] was lost]], the resulting [[ilk|final [l] would become syllabic and develop into [-ol]]].

Derivations

  • ᴹ√UÑG “*gloom” ✧ Ety/UÑG

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√UÑG > ungol[uŋgle] > [uŋgl] > [uŋgol]✧ Ety/UÑG
Doriathrin [Ety/UÑG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwine

noun. evening

A noun for “evening” derived from primitive ᴹ✶winyā [winjā], but it was rejected along with its root ᴹ√WIN (Ety/WIN). It is the clearest example of the Ilkorin phonetic development whereby [[ilk|final [j] became [i]]] and then became [e], since Tolkien indicated the intermediate forms before rejecting the word.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. vinye “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶winyē “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN
    • ᴹ√WIN(I)D “pale blue” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶winyā > gwini > gwine[winjā] > [winja] > [gwinja] > [gwinj] > [gwini] > [gwine]✧ Ety/WIN
Doriathrin [Ety/WIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

môr

noun. night

A noun for “night” derived from primitive ᴹ✶mǭri (EtyAC/MOR), where the primitive [[ilk|[ǭ] became [ō]]].

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. móre “blackness, dark, night” ✧ Ety/MOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶mǭri “blackness, dark, night” ✧ EtyAC/MOR
    • ᴹ√MOR “*black, dark” ✧ Ety/MOR

Element in

  • Ilk. myrilind “nightingale” ✧ Ety/MOR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶mǭri > môr[mǭri] > [mǭre] > [mōre] > [mōr]✧ EtyAC/MOR
Doriathrin [Ety/MOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

danta-

verb. fall

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶danta- “fall” ✧ PE21/58
    • ᴹ√DAT “fall down”

Derivatives

Element in

Old Noldorin [PE21/58] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

doʒ

root. night

A root in The Etymologies of the 1930s glossed “night” that (along with ᴹ√DOM) was the basis for the ᴹQ. lóme/N. “night” (Ety/DOƷ). It replaced some rejected variants ᴹ√LOƷ and ᴹ√DAW (EtyAC/LOƷ). Many of the derivatives of ᴹ√DOƷ were later assigned to other roots: N. dûr “dark” became S. dûr “dark” < √NDU “under, down” in notes from the late 1950s or early 1960s (PE17/152) and ᴹQ. lóna “dark” became Q. lúna (PE17/22). There are no signs of ᴹQ. “night” and N. daw “night-time, gloom” in Tolkien’s later writing. Future derivations of Q. lómë/S. only mention the root √DOM (PE17/152; PE22/153) and thus ᴹ√DOƷ may have been abandoned.

In a message to the Elfling mailing list from July 2012 (Elfling/362.96), David Salo suggested there might be a later root ✱√DU serving as the basis for Q. lúna “dark” and Q. lúmë “darkness”, though the latter might instead be from √LUM. Such a root ✱√DU is not attested in Tolkien writings, but if it existed, it could be a later iteration of ᴹ√DOƷ. Another possible example of the root ✱√DU is primitive ✶durnŭ “dark of hue”.

Derivatives

  • Ilk. daum “night-time, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
  • ᴹ✶doʒmē ✧ Ety/DOMO
    • Ilk. daum “night-time, gloom”
    • On. doume “night-time, gloom”
    • N. daw “night-time, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
  • ᴹQ. “night, a night” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; EtyAC/LOƷ
  • ᴹQ. lóme “night, night-time, shades of night, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; Ety/LUM
    • Ad. lômi “(pleasant) night” ✧ SD/415
  • ᴹQ. lóna “dark” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
  • N. “night, night-fall, late evening” ✧ Ety/DOƷ; Ety/DYEL; Ety/DOMO
  • N. dúlin(n) “nightingale” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
  • N. dûr “dark” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
  • On. doume “night-time, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ
    • N. daw “night-time, gloom” ✧ Ety/DOƷ

Element in

  • Ilk. durgul “sorcery”
  • N. daw “night-time, gloom” ✧ EtyAC/LOƷ (daw)
  • N. Delduthling “Ungoliant, *(lit.) Horror Night Spider” ✧ Ety/DYEL; Ety/SLIG; Ety/UÑG
  • N. Dureledh “Dark-elf” ✧ Ety/MOR
  • N. Durion “Dark-elf” ✧ Ety/MOR
  • N. Magladhûr “Black-sword” ✧ Ety/MAK (DOƷ)

Variations

  • DOƷ/DÔ ✧ Ety/DOƷ
  • DOG ✧ Ety/UÑG
  • LOƷ ✧ EtyAC/LOƷ (LOƷ)
  • DAW ✧ EtyAC/LOƷ (DAW)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/DOƷ; Ety/DOMO; Ety/DYEL; Ety/LUM; Ety/MAK; Ety/MOR; Ety/NDŪ; Ety/SLIG; Ety/UÑG; EtyAC/LOƷ; EtyAC/UÑG] Group: Eldamo. Published by

danta-

verb. fall

Derivations

  • ᴹ√DAT “fall down”

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. lanta- “to fall” ✧ PE21/58; PE21/63
  • On. danta- “fall” ✧ PE21/58

Element in

Middle Primitive Elvish [PE21/58; PE21/63] Group: Eldamo. Published by

winyē

noun. evening

Changes

  • winyāwinyē “evening” ✧ EtyAC/WIN

Derivations

  • ᴹ√WIN(I)D “pale blue” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN

Derivatives

  • Ilk. gwine “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN
  • ᴹQ. vinye “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN
  • N. gwîn “evening” ✧ Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN

Variations

  • winyā ✧ Ety/WIN (winyā)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/WIN; EtyAC/WIN] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

cwelm

noun. dusk

math

noun. dusk

Cognates

  • Eq. maske “dusk” ✧ QL/059

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MAÞA “dusk” ✧ LT2A/Umboth-muilin

Element in

  • N. Math-Fuin-delos “Deadly Nightshade”
  • G. mathusgi “twilight” ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor
  • G. mathwen “evening” ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor
  • G. nuimath “‘second twilight’, first signs of dawn” ✧ GL/61
  • G. obromath “the twilight that follows the night, ‘second twilight’, just before dawn” ✧ GL/62
  • G. mathrin “dusk, dusky” ✧ GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor
Gnomish [GL/56; GL/61; GL/62; LT2A/Mathusdor; LT2A/Umboth-muilin; QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fui

noun. night

Cognates

  • Eq. hui “dark, murk, fog; night, evening” ✧ LT1A/Fui; QL/041

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ǶUẎU “*darkness” ✧ GL/36; QL/041

Element in

  • G. fuior “deadly nightshade”
  • G. Durufui “Yule, (lit.) Log-night” ✧ LT1A/Turuhalmë
  • G. Fuil “Queen of the Dark” ✧ GL/36
  • G. Tarn Fui “Door of Night” ✧ LT1A/Tarn Fui

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√fuʒu > fui¹[xʷuɣu] > [fuɣu] > [fuɣ] > [fui]✧ GL/36
ᴱ√ǶUẎU > fui[xʷui] > [fui]✧ QL/041

Variations

  • fui¹ ✧ GL/36
  • Fui ✧ LT1A/Tarn Fui; LT1A/Turuhalmë
Gnomish [GL/36; LT1A/Fui; LT1A/Tarn Fui; LT1A/Turuhalmë; QL/041] Group: Eldamo. Published by

umbath

noun. nightfall

umboth

noun. nightfall

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MBAÞA “*dusk” ✧ GL/75; LT2A/Umboth-muilin

Element in

Variations

  • umbath ✧ GL/75; LT2A/Umboth-muilin
Gnomish [GL/75; LT2A/Umboth-muilin] Group: Eldamo. Published by

morth

noun. darkness

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MORO “*black, dark” ✧ LT1A/Mornië

Element in

Gnomish [GL/58; LT1A/Mornië] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mathwen

noun. evening

Gnomish [GL/56; LT2A/Mathusdor] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

fuin

noun. night

Element in

  • En. Taur-na-Fuin “Deadly Nightshade” ✧ SM/026
  • En. urfuin “nightless” ✧ PE13/156

Variations

  • Fuin ✧ SM/026
Early Noldorin [PE13/143; PE13/156; SM/026] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

maþa

root. dusk

This root was given as ᴱ√MASA¹ “dusk” in its main entry in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, but its Gnomish form math- indicates the true root was ᴱ√MAÞA (QL/59). This was clarified in a list of roots at the end of the M-section in the Qenya Lexicon (QL/63) and its representation as maþ- in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon (GL/59). Its most notable use in the Legendarium was in the name G. Umboth-muilin “Pools (muil-plural) of Twilight (umboth)”, where G. umboth or umbath “nightfall” was derived from a strengthened form of the root, ᴱ√mbaþ- (GL/75). However, in later writings this name was reconceived as Ilk. Umboth Muilin “Veiled (muilin) Pool (umboth)”, with the first element umboth meaning “large pool” (Ety/MBOTH, MUY). The name was ultimately replaced with S. Aelin-uial (S/114), by which point the early root ᴱ√MAÞA was long abandoned.

Derivatives

  • Eq. maska “dusky, misty” ✧ QL/059
  • Eq. maske “dusk” ✧ QL/059
  • G. math “dusk” ✧ LT2A/Umboth-muilin

Element in

  • ᴱ√MBAÞA “*dusk” ✧ GL/75

Variations

  • maþ- ✧ GL/75; LT2A/Umboth-muilin
  • MASA¹ ✧ QL/059
Early Primitive Elvish [GL/75; LT2A/Umboth-muilin; QL/059; QL/063] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

histe

noun/adjective. dusk

maske

noun. dusk

Cognates

  • G. math “dusk” ✧ QL/059

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MAÞA “dusk” ✧ QL/059

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√MASA¹ > maske[maθkē] > [maθke] > [maske]✧ QL/059
Early Quenya [QL/059] Group: Eldamo. Published by

fui

noun. night

móri

noun. night

mórilanta

noun. nightfall

Elements

WordGloss
móre“night, darkness; black, dark”
lanta“fall, falling; fallen, falling”

Variations

  • mōrilanta ✧ PME/063; QL/051; QL/062
Early Quenya [PME/063; QL/051; QL/062] Group: Eldamo. Published by