Quenya 

cuina

alive

cuina ("k")adj. "alive" (KUY). See coina.

coina

alive

coina _("k")_adj. "alive" (LT1:257; Tolkien's later Quenya also has cuina, though coina may still be a valid word: properly, the root of words for "life" is coi- rather than cui-, the latter referring to "awakening" instead)

Noldorin 

cuin

adjective. alive

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cuin

adjective. alive

An adjective for “alive” in The Etymologies of the 1930s based on the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s Tolkien had G. cuib “alive” (GL/27) and in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. cuif (cuiv-) “alive” (PE13/141).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. kuina “alive” ✧ Ety/KUY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” ✧ Ety/KUY

Element in

  • ᴺS. cuinas “vitality, liveliness”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KUY > cuin[kujna] > [kuina] > [kuin]✧ Ety/KUY

cuina-

verb. to be alive

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

kuina

adjective. alive

An adjective appearing as ᴹQ. kuina “alive” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” (Ety/KUY).

Conceptual Development: A similar adjective ᴱQ. koina “living, alive” appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√KOẎO “have life” (QL/48).

Neo-Quenya: Tolkien vacillated between the two roots √KOY and √KUY for “life”; I prefer to use √KOY for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, so I’d use ᴺQ. coina for “alive”. For “living” I’d using the word Q. coirëa from the 1950s (PM/399).

Cognates

  • N. cuin “alive” ✧ Ety/KUY

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUY “come to life, awake” ✧ Ety/KUY

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KUY > kuina[kuina]✧ Ety/KUY

Gnomish

cuilog

adjective. alive, lively

A word appearing as G. cuilog “alive, lively” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an adjectival form of G. cuil “life” (GL/27). Tolkien specified that this word was “usually metaph[oric]”, so probably “lively” was a better translation than “alive”.

Neo-Sindarin: For purposes of Neo-Sindarin, I’d update this word to ᴺS. cuileb “lively” using the later adjective suffix -eb, but for “alive” I’d use [N.] cuin.

Element in

cuib

adjective. alive

Derivations

Element in

  • G. cuibri “vitality” ✧ GL/27

Early Noldorin

cuif

adjective. alive

Derivations

Early Noldorin [PE13/141] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

koirea

adjective. alive, lively

Variations

  • koirëa ✧ LT1A/Koivië-néni
Early Quenya [LT1A/Koivië-néni; QL/048] Group: Eldamo. Published by