Noldorin 

puia-

verb. to spit

A verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√PIW “spit” and so probably of the same meaning (Ety/PIW).

Conceptual Development: The earliest verb with this meaning was G. crectha- “to spit” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s based on the early root ᴱ√kerek- or ᴱ√kereχ- (GL/27). In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱN. {his- >>} hist- “spit” from primitive ᴱ✶pṣt- or ᴱ✶sṣt- (PE13/147, 163), where the initial p became h as was often the case in the 1920s.

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. piuta- “to spit” ✧ Ety/PIW

Derivations

  • On. puia- “to spit” ✧ Ety/PIW
    • ᴹ√PIW “spit” ✧ Ety/PIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. puióbe > puio[puia-]✧ Ety/PIW

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

piuta-

verb. to spit

An apparent verb in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from the root ᴹ√PIW “spit” and so probably of the same meaning (Ety/PIW).

Conceptual Development: The earliest verb for “spit” was ᴱQ. retye- from the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s under the early root ᴱ√RET͡YE (QL/79). In the Early Qenya Grammar of the 1920s Tolkien had ᴱQ. piste “spit” from primitive ᴱ✶pṣt- (PE14/58), a verb that also appeared in the contemporaneous Early Noldorin Dictionary as a cognate of ᴱN. hist- “spit” (PE13/163). The next “spit” verb was ᴹQ. piuta- in The Etymologies of the 1930s (see above), and in the 1948 Quenya Verbal System Tolkien had ᴹQ. pise from the root ᴹ√PITH “spit” (PE22/103).

Neo-Quenya: For purposes of Neo-Quenya, I prefer 1930s ᴹQ. piuta- “spit”, in part because it is better known that 1948 pith- but also because it has a Noldorin cognate N. puia- and is thus part of a more complete paradigm.

Cognates

  • On. puia- “to spit” ✧ Ety/PIW
  • N. puia- “to spit” ✧ Ety/PIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PIW “spit” ✧ Ety/PIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PIW > piuta[piuta-]✧ Ety/PIW

Variations

  • piuta ✧ Ety/PIW

pis-

verb. to spit

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PITH “spit” ✧ PE22/103

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PITH > pithe > pise[pitʰe] > [piθe] > [pise]✧ PE22/103
ᴹ√PITH > pitte[pintʰe] > [pittʰe] > [pitte]✧ PE22/103

Old Noldorin 

puia-

verb. to spit

Changes

  • puitapuióbe ✧ Ety/PIW

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. piuta- “to spit” ✧ Ety/PIW

Derivations

  • ᴹ√PIW “spit” ✧ Ety/PIW

Derivatives

  • N. puia- “to spit” ✧ Ety/PIW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√PIW > puióbe[piwja-] > [piuja-] > [pūja-] > [puia-]✧ Ety/PIW

Variations

  • puita ✧ EtyAC/PIW (puita)
Old Noldorin [Ety/PIW; EtyAC/PIW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

crectha-

verb. to spit

Changes

  • craitha-craitho- ✧ PE13/111

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KEREKE “*spit” ✧ GL/27

Element in

  • G. agrectha- “to despise, contemn” ✧ GL/17; GL/27

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√kerek- > crectha-[kerekta-] > [krekta-] > [krekθa-] > [krekθa-]✧ GL/27

Variations

  • craitho- ✧ PE13/111
  • craitha- ✧ PE13/111 (craitha-)
Gnomish [GL/17; GL/27; PE13/111] Group: Eldamo. Published by

craitho-

verb. to spit

Early Noldorin

hist-

verb. to spit

Changes

  • hishist ✧ PE13/147

Cognates

  • Eq. pist- “to spit” ✧ PE13/163
  • Eq. histe- “to hiss” ✧ PE13/163

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶pṣt- “spit” ✧ PE13/147
  • ᴱ✶sṣt- “*hiss” ✧ PE13/163

Variations

  • his ✧ PE13/147 (his)
  • hist ✧ PE13/163
Early Noldorin [PE13/147; PE13/163] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

retye-

verb. to spit

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RETYE “*spit” ✧ QL/079

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√RET͡YE > retye-[retʲe-]✧ QL/079
Early Quenya [QL/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pist-

verb. to spit

Cognates

  • En. hist- “to spit” ✧ PE13/163

Derivations

  • ᴱ✶pṣt- “spit” ✧ PE13/163; PE14/058

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶pṣt- > piste[pṣt-] > [pist-]✧ PE13/163
ᴱ✶pṣt > pastie[pṣ̄tie-] > [pastie-]✧ PE14/058
ᴱ✶pṣt > pastye[pṣ̄tʲe-] > [pastʲe-]✧ PE14/058
ᴱ✶pṣt > piste[pṣt-] > [pist-]✧ PE14/058
Early Quenya [PE13/163; PE14/058] Group: Eldamo. Published by