arta

across, athwart

arta (4) prep. "across, athwart" (LT2:335), perhaps rather olla in Tolkiens later Quenya.

atta

across, over, lying from side to side

atta (ata-) (4) prep. "across, over, lying from side to side" (VT49:32; it is not quite clear whether this is a Quenya word or not)

langa-

to cross, go over, pass over

langa- vb. "to cross, go over, pass over" (VT49:65)

athra-

prefix. across

athra-

verb. to cross

v. to cross (to and fro).

athra-

prefix. athra-

pref. >> athrabeth athrad, athragardh, athragared

athra-

verb. to cross (to and fro)

Derivations

• ✶(a)tata “two” ✧ PE17/014
  • √ATATA “two, two; [ᴹ√] again, back” ✧ VT42/27
• ✶aþra- “to cross (to and fro)” ✧ PE17/014
  • √THAR “*across, beyond, [ᴹ√] across, beyond” ✧ PE17/014

Element in

• ᴺS. athrabed- “to discuss, exchange words”
• S. athrabeth “conversation, debate, (lit.) interchange of words” ✧ PE17/014
• S. athrad “ford, crossing” ✧ PE17/014
• S. athragared “interaction” ✧ PE17/014

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶atta- > athra	[attara-] > [attʰara-] > [aθθara-] > [aθθra-] > [aθra-]	✧ PE17/014
✶aþra- > athra-	[atʰra-] > [aθra-]	✧ PE17/014

Variations

• athra ✧ PE17/014 (athra)
• athra- ✧ PE17/014; PE17/014

athra-

verb. to treat medically

A Sindarin verb appearing in rough notes from 1969 as {garthra, garthur >>} arthra, arthur “to treat medically” derived from √HATH “treat kindly/make easy, (help to) cure”, where last few characters of the second form {g}arthur are unclear (PE22/166 note #109-110). The removal of the initial g may reflect uncertainty on the primitive form or the exact Sindarin phonetic developments, or possibly both.

Changes

• gathra → athra ✧ PE22/166
• gathur → athur ✧ PE22/166

Derivations

• √HATH “treat kindly/make easy, (help to) cure” ✧ PE22/166

Variations

• gathra ✧ PE22/166 (gathra)
• gathur ✧ PE22/166 (gathur)
• athra ✧ PE22/166
• athur ✧ PE22/166 (athur)

thar-

prefix. across, athwart, over, beyond

thar-

across

_ pref. _across, over, properly 'athwart'. Original S. form þara-. See also the rejected glose in PE17:34.

thar

adverb. across

adv. & prep. across. . This gloss was rejected.

athar

across

(preposition) *athar (beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)

athar

across

(beyond). Suggested correction of the reading "athan" in SD:62. As prep. probably followed by soft mutation. – Also (as adverbial prefix) ath- (on both sides), athra-, thar- (athwart, over, beyond)

aþra-

verb. to cross (to and fro)

Derivations

• √THAR “*across, beyond, [ᴹ√] across, beyond” ✧ PE17/014

Derivatives

• S. athra- “to cross (to and fro)” ✧ PE17/014

ath-

prefix. on both sides, across

thar-

prefix. across, athwart, over, beyond

iath

preposition. across

Derivations

• ᴹ✶yatta “across” ✧ EtyAC/YAT
  • ᴹ√YAT “join” ✧ Ety/YAT

Element in

• N. iathrad “crossing, ford” ✧ EtyAC/YAT (iathrad)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶yatta > iath	[jatta] > [jattʰa] > [jaθθa] > [jaθθ] > [jaθ]	✧ EtyAC/YAT