Quenya 

ar(a)-

prefix. noble, high

Derivations

  • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/147; PM/344

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ARA > ar/ara/aran[ara-]✧ PE17/147
Ara- > Ara-/ar-[ara-]✧ PM/344

Variations

  • ar/ara/aran ✧ PE17/147
  • Ara-/ar- ✧ PM/344
Quenya [PE17/147; PM/344] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Ara-

noble

Ara-, ar- a prefixed form of the stem Ara- "noble" (PM:344). In the masc. names Aracáno "high chieftain", mothername (amilessë, q.v.) of Fingolfin (PM:360, cf. 344), Arafinwë "Finarfin" (MR:230)

arato

noble

arato noun "a noble" (PE17:147), in PE17:118 given as aratō and there glossed "lord" (often = "king"). Cf. aráto. The form cited in the latter source, aratō with a long final vowel, is evidently very archaic (compare Enderō under Ender); later the vowel would become short. (PE17:118)

arquen

noble

arquen noun "a noble" (WJ:372), "knight" (PE17:147)

Sindarin 

ar(a)-

prefix. noble, royal, high

Derivations

  • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal”
  • S. aran “king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person, king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person; [N.] lord (of a specific region)” ✧ Let/426
    • ARAN “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
S. aran > ara[aran-] > [ara-]✧ Let/426

Variations

  • ara ✧ Let/426; PE22/148
  • ar(a) ✧ LotR/1038
  • ara- ✧ PE17/113
  • ar- ✧ PE17/139
  • aran/ar(a) ✧ PM/193
  • Ar(a)- ✧ RC/347
Sindarin [Let/426; LotR/1038; PE17/113; PE17/139; PE22/148; PM/193; RC/347] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Sindarin [PM/363, VT/41:9] Group: SINDICT. Published by

arod

noble

1b _adj._noble. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:49] < _(a)rātā_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

adj. #noble.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:147] < _arāta_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

d adj. noble. Q. arata. >> raud

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:186] < *_arāta_ < RAT tower up. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

arod

adjective. noble

Cognates

  • Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/186
  • T. aráta “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

  • arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PE17/039; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/049
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186
  • ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

  • S. Arodreth “Noble Endurance” ✧ PE17/182
  • S. Arothir “Noble Lord”
  • S. Finrod ✧ VT41/09
  • S. Thinrod “noble member of the Thindrim” ✧ VT41/09

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
arātā > arod[arātā] > [arāta] > [arǭta] > [arauta] > [araut] > [araud] > [arod]✧ PM/363
Sindarin [PE17/039; PE17/049; PE17/147; PE17/182; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09] Group: Eldamo. Published by

arth

adjective. (unknown meaning, perhaps (?) noble, lofty, exalted)

Sindarin [Arthedain LotR] Q arta or OS *artʰa, CE *arâtâ. Group: SINDICT. Published by

arphen

noun. a noble

Sindarin [WJ/376] ar-+pen. Group: SINDICT. Published by

ar

noble

(adjectival prefix) ar- (high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

ar

noble

(high, royal). In the form ar(a)- this is an element in the names of the kings of Arnor and Arthedain.

arn

noble

(adjective) 1) arn (royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic *araud), pl. aroed. 2) brand (high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind; 3) raud (eminent, high), in compounds -rod, pl. roed. 4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arn

noble

(royal), pl. ern, also arth (lofty, exalted), pl. erth, or arod (archaic ✱araud), pl. aroed.

raud

noble

(eminent, high), in compounds -rod,  pl. roed.  4) taur (also tor-, tar- in compounds) (lofty, high, sublime; vast, masterful, mighty, overwhelming, huge, awful), lenited daur, pl. toer. Note: homophones mean ”king (of a people)” and also ”great wood, forest”. Also used as noun ”a noble”; see below.

arwen

noble woman

(pl. erwin).****

brand

noble

(high, lofty, fine), lenited vrand, pl. braind

arphen

noble

(noun, "a noble") 1) arphen, pl. erphin; 2) raud (eminent man, champion), pl.roed (idh roed), coll. pl. rodath.

arphen

noble

pl. erphin

Telerin 

aráta

adjective. noble

Cognates

  • S. arod “noble” ✧ PM/363

Derivations

  • arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PM/363
    • RĀ/ARA “noble, high, royal” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
    • RAT “tower up” ✧ PE17/186

Element in

Variations

  • arāta ✧ PM/363

Primitive elvish

arn(a)-

prefix. noble, royal

Derivations

  • ARAN “good, excellent, noble”

Element in

  • Q. Aranórë “Kingsland” ✧ Let/428
  • S. Argonath “Pillars of the Kings, (lit.) Royal Stones” ✧ Let/427

Variations

  • arn(a) ✧ Let/427; Let/428
Primitive elvish [Let/427; Let/428] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rā/ara

root. noble, high, royal

An invertible root meaning “noble”, itself an extension of √AR (PE17/147). Given its widespread use, Tolkien did not define this root until quite late. Its first clear mention was in Notes on Names (NN) and Quenya Notes (QN), both from 1957. In NN, Tolkien introduced invertible √ARA/RĀ to give an explanation of the element rod in names like S. Rodon “Vala” and S. Finrod, where Tolkien said:

> S raud “tall, high, lofty, eminent”. √ARA, RĀ. Cf. Q aran “king”. Q arta “high” < árată. S raud < form (a)rā́tă (PE17/118).

Earlier in The Etymologies of the 1930s, the second element of N. Finrod was N. rhaud “metal” (Ety/RAUTĀ), whereas ᴹQ. haran/N. aran “king” was derived from ᴹ√ƷAR “have, hold” (Ety/ƷAR). As for the later root √ARA/RĀ, Tolkien gave a lengthier explanation in QN:

> √AR. ARI-, ARA/RĀ, ARAT/ARAN. Original sense probably seen in adverb/preposition ✱ara/ar/ra, beyond, further than. The stems ARI/ARAN/ARAT mean “good, excellent, noble” — differing from √MAN in stating that any one specimen is “good of its kind”, excels, without necessarily implying that others are bad or marred. Hence ari-, good as prefix, ar/ara/aran as prefixes of excellence especially in royal names, aran king. Q arta noble, arato a “noble”, ráta- excel, surpass. S aran, arod (arāta); or raud excellent, noble, eminent (PE17/147).

Thus all these roots, including the extensions √ARAN and √ARAT, were elaborations on the sense “beyond” from base root √AR. The simple root √AR itself had a lengthy conceptual history; see that entry for details. As for ARA/RĀ, the connection between these forms and nobility seems to be firmly established by the late 1950s and afterwards, with primitive element Ara- “noble” mentioned in The Shibboleth of Fëanor from 1968 (PM/344, 363 note #43), and numerous other mentions of derived forms in documents from this period.

Derivatives

  • Ad. Ar- “king or queen” ✧ SA/ar(a)
  • arātā “high, lofty, noble” ✧ PE17/118; PM/363
    • Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/118; PE17/186; PE17/186
    • S. arod “noble” ✧ PE17/039; PE17/186; PM/363; VT41/09
    • T. aráta “noble” ✧ PM/363
  • árātō “lord” ✧ PE17/118
    • Q. aráto “champion, eminent man, noble, lord, king” ✧ PE17/118
  • rāta “lofty, high, noble” ✧ PE17/118
    • Q. arata “high, noble, exalted, lofty” ✧ PE17/049
    • S. arod “noble” ✧ PE17/049
    • S. raud “noble, eminent; lofty, high, tall; excellent” ✧ PE17/049; PE17/118; PE17/186
  • Q. ar(a)- “noble, high” ✧ PE17/147; PM/344
  • Q. aran “king” ✧ PE17/118
  • Q. arya “excelling, *better” ✧ PE17/147
  • S. ar(a)- “noble, royal, high”
  • S. ro- “*superlative” ✧ PE17/147

Element in

  • artaurē “Realm”
  • RAT “tower up”
  • ARAT “good, excellent, noble” ✧ SA/ar(a)
  • Q. Aranórë “Kingsland” ✧ PE17/118
  • ᴺQ. artanwa “award”
  • S. Aradan “*Noble-man” ✧ SA/ar(a)
  • S. aran “king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person, king, lord, chief, (lit.) high or noble person; [N.] lord (of a specific region)” ✧ SA/ar(a)
  • S. Aredhel “Noble Elf” ✧ SA/ar(a)
  • S. Argonath “Pillars of the Kings, (lit.) Royal Stones” ✧ SA/ar(a)
  • S. Arnor “Royal Land” ✧ SA/ar(a)

Variations

  • ARA ✧ PE17/118; PE17/145; PE17/147; PE17/148
  • ✧ PE17/118; PE17/147; PE17/148; PE17/182
  • Ara- ✧ PM/344
  • ara- ✧ PM/363
  • ar(a)- ✧ SA/ar(a)
Primitive elvish [PE17/118; PE17/145; PE17/147; PE17/148; PE17/182; PM/344; PM/363; SA/ar(a)] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

ar(a)-

prefix. noble, royal

Element in


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Gnomish

mandra

adjective. noble

Derivations

  • ᴱ√MANA “*good (moral)”
Gnomish [GL/56; LT1A/Mánir] Group: Eldamo. Published by