ála

particle. do not

Element in

• Q. alalyë nattira arcandemmar sangiessemman “despise not our petitions in our necessities” ✧ VT44/08
• Q. álamë tulya úsahtienna “[and] lead us not into temptation” ✧ VT43/22; VT43/22; VT43/22

Elements

Word	Gloss
á	“imperative particle”
lá	“no, not”

Variations

• ala ✧ VT43/22; VT49/13
• Ála- ✧ VT43/22
• alā ✧ VT49/13

ala

not

ala, #ála (1) imperative particle á, a combined with the negation lá, -la "not" to express a prohibition (VT43:22; see lá #1). Also with 1st person suffix -lyë (alalyë and álalyë, VT43:10, 22, VT44:8) and 1st person pl. object suffix -më (alamë and álamë, "do not [do something to] us", as in álamë tulya, "do not lead us", VT43:12, 22). In the essay Quendi and Eldar, negative imperatives are rather indicated by áva, q.v., but this form can well coexist with ala, #ála.

ala-

not

ala- (2) negative prefix "not", "un-", reduced to al- before a vowel (VT42:33, GALA, VT45:25), though the example Alcorin would suggest that al- can sometimes appear before a consonant as well. In a deleted entry in Etym, al(a)- was defined as "not" and said to be a "pure negative" (VT45:5). In alahasta, Alamanyar, alasaila, Alcorin.

áva

don't!

áva, avá (the latter stressed on the final syllable) "Don't!", negative imperative particle (compare ala, #ála). Cf. ávan "I won't" (also ván, ványë); áva carë! ("k") "don't do it!" (WJ:371)

(a)lá

interjection. yes

Changes

• lá/alá → alá ✧ PE17/158

Derivations

• √LĀ “interjection of pleasure/assent” ✧ PE17/158; VT42/33
  • √AL(A) “good (physically), blessed, fortunate, prosperous, health(y)”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
√LĀ > lá	[lā]	✧ PE17/158

Variations

• lá ✧ PE17/158; VT42/33
• alá ✧ PE17/158
• lá/alá ✧ PE17/158 (lá/alá)
• ála ✧ PE17/158 (ála)

lá

interjection. yes

al-

prefix. not

pref. not. >> alfirin

athon

verb. yes, I will

ú

not

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”I do not keep”) (without). Verb

ú

not

u- (followed by lenition, e.g. ú-chebin ”

al

not

al- (prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

al

not

(prefix) as in alfirin "not-mortal", immortal.

ava

will not

(i ava, in avar).

law

adverb. not

Derivations

• √LA “no, not; negative; not to be”

naw

interjection. yes

Cognates

• Q. ná “yes, it is so, it is a fact”

Derivations

• √NĀ “be (the same as another), exist”

said

not common

(lenited haid; no distinct pl. form) (separate, private, excluded) (VT42:20)

aba-

prefix. not

Cognates

• Q. ava- “negation (refusing or forbidden)” ✧ WJ/370

Derivations

• √BĀ/ABA “refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), refuse, forbid, prohibit, say nay (in refusal or denial), [ᴹ√] deny; away, go away, depart” ✧ WJ/370

Element in

• T. abapétima “not to be said” ✧ WJ/371

Variations

• aba- ✧ WJ/371