sulca

root

sulca ("k") noun "root" (especially as edible) (SÚLUK)

numbë

root, foundation

[numbë noun "root, foundation", also núvë (VT45:38)]

núvë

root, foundation

[núvë noun "root, foundation", also numbë (VT45:38)]

sundo

base, root, root-word

sundo (þ) noun "base, root, root-word" (SUD), sc. a Quendian consonantal "base". According to VT46:16, Tolkien changed the root to STUD, thereby implying that sundo was earlier þundo (compare Sindarin thond "root"). PE18:95 gives the pl. form as sundur, seemingly implying a stem-form sundu-. It is not, however, used in the compound sundocarmë "base-structure" (PE18:84 not **sunducarmë), a term used in the description of the structure of the various Quendian "bases" or roots.

sundo

noun. base, root, root-word, base, root, [ᴹQ.] root-word

Derivations

• ᴹ√STUD “base, ground”

Element in

• Q. Sundocarmë “Base-structure” ✧ PE18/084
• ᴺQ. sundoharmar “capital [funds], (lit.) base treasures”
• Q. sundóma “determinant vowel, root-vowel, determinant vowel, root-vowel, [ᴹQ.] vocalic determinant”
• ᴺQ. sundon “bedrock, (lit.) base-rock”
• Q. Tarmasundar “Roots of the Pillar” ✧ UT/166

talma

base, foundation, root

talma noun "base, foundation, root" (TALAM), also translated "bottom" in the expression "top to bottom", see below.% Talmar Ambaren (place-name, *"Foundations of the World" - this is pre-classical "Qenya" with genitive in -en instead of -o as in LotR-style Quenya) (TALAM). Allative talmanna in the phrase telmello talmanna** "from hood to base**, top to bottom" _(VT46:18; notice misreading "telmanna" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry TEL-, TELU-)_

sundo

noun. base

base

talma

noun. basis, basis, [ᴹQ.] foundation, base, root; [ᴱQ.] end

Derivations

• ✶talmā “basis” ✧ PE21/80
  • √TALAM “flat space, flat space, [ᴹ√] floor, ground; base, root, foundation”

Element in

• ᴺQ. talmacasta “upside down”
• ᴺQ. talmata- “to base (on), found”
• ᴺQ. talmondo “foundation stone”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶talma > talma	[talma]	✧ PE21/80

Variations

• talma ✧ PE21/80 (talma)

thond

noun. root

thond

noun. root

n. root.

thond

noun. root, root, [N.] base; root-word

A noun in The Lord of the Rings Appendix E glossed “root”, given as an examples of how “nd remained at the end of fully accented monosyllables” (LotR/1115). It was an element in the river-name S. Morthond “Black Root” (LotR/770), so named “because its source was in the dark caverns of the Dead Men” (RC/766). As such this word refers to things that are the root or base of something, not just plant roots.

Conceptual Development: The Etymologies of the 1930s had N. sunn and sonnas as cognates to ᴹQ. sundo “base, root, root-word” under ᴹ√SUD “base, ground” (Ety/SUD; EtyAC/SUD). These Noldorin forms were revised to N. thund/thonn and N. thonnas while the root was revised to ᴹ√STUD (EtyAC/SUD). The Etymologies also had N. dum “root, foundation” derived from {ᴹ√(N)DUM >>} ᴹ√(N)DUB “lay base, foundation, root; found”, but this entry was deleted (EtyAC/NDUB).

Possible Etymology: This words seems to be a counterexample to the general rule that short u was preserved before nasals]]: compare it to S. mund “bull” and N. lhunt “boat” where the u remained unchanged. The Quenya cognate of this word is typically Q. sundo, so a-affection]] cannot be used to explain the shift of u to o. However in one place Tolkien gave the Quenya form as sunda in Tarmasundar “Roots of the Pillar” (UT/166), so perhaps the Sindarin form was derived from a variant primitive form ✱stundā.

Neo-Sindarin: For purpose of Neo-Sindarin, I would assume thond refers only to an ordinary base or root, and more abstract [N.] thonnas refers to things like root-words or a “✱foundation”.

Derivations

• ᴹ√STUD “base, ground”

Element in

• S. Morthond “Blackroot” ✧ LotR/1115; PE17/096

talan

flat space

pl1. telain** **_ n. _flat space, platform. Q. talan or talma. >> tâl

tâl

flat space

_ n. _flat space, platform. Q. talan or talma. >> talan

solch

root

(i holch, o solch), pl. sylch (i sylch)

thond

root

1) thond (construct thon; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thonnath), 2) thonnas, pl. thennais (archaic *thönnais) (VT46:16), 3) thund (construct thun; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thunnath) (VT46:16), 4) (esp. of edible roots) solch (i holch, o solch), pl. sylch (i sylch)

thond

root

(construct thon; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thonnath)

thonnas

root

pl. thennais (archaic ✱thönnais) (VT46:16)

thund

root

(construct thun; pl. thynd; coll. pl. thunnath) (VT46:16)

kulbu

noun. root

A noun appearing only in its plural form kulbî “roots”, corresponding to the collective-noun kulub “roots, edible vegetables that are roots not fruits” (SD/431). As such, it most likely refers to root vegetables only, rather than other senses of the English word “root”.

Derivations

• √Ad. KULUB “*root (as a kind of plant)”

talam

root. flat space, flat space, [ᴹ√] floor, ground; base, root, foundation

Derivatives

• ✶talam “floor; flat space, platform, floor; flat space, platform, [ᴹ✶] ‘flet’; ground”
  • Q. talan “flat space, platform, flat space, platform; [ᴹQ.] floor, ground” ✧ PE17/052
  • Q. talma “flat space, platform” ✧ PE17/052
  • S. talan “platform, flat space, flet [Middle English = ‘floor’]” ✧ PE17/052
  • S. talf “wang, flat field, topographical flat area” ✧ PE17/052
• ✶talmā “basis”
  • Q. talma “basis, basis, [ᴹQ.] foundation, base, root; [ᴱQ.] end” ✧ PE21/80
• Q. talan “flat space, platform, flat space, platform; [ᴹQ.] floor, ground” ✧ PE17/052
• Q. talma “flat space, platform” ✧ PE17/052
• ᴺQ. talma- “to found”
• S. talan “platform, flat space, flet [Middle English = ‘floor’]” ✧ PE17/052
• S. talf “wang, flat field, topographical flat area” ✧ PE17/052

Elements

Word	Gloss
TAL	“foot; *flat; [ᴱ√] support”

Variations

• talam ✧ PE17/052

talmā

noun. basis

Derivations

• √TALAM “flat space, flat space, [ᴹ√] floor, ground; base, root, foundation”

Derivatives

• Q. talma “basis, basis, [ᴹQ.] foundation, base, root; [ᴱQ.] end” ✧ PE21/80

Element in

• ✶nēn-talma “Wetwang, Nindalf” ✧ PE17/167

Variations

• talma ✧ PE17/167; PE21/80

dum

noun. root, foundation

Cognates

• ᴹQ. numbe “root, foundation” ✧ EtyAC/NDUB

Derivations

• ᴹ√(N)DUB “lay base, foundation, root; found” ✧ EtyAC/NDUB

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√NDUB/DUB > dum	[ndumbe] > [dumbe] > [dumb] > [dumb] > [dumm] > [dum]	✧ EtyAC/NDUB

thonn

noun. base, root, root-word

Changes

• sunn → thonn ✧ EtyAC/SUD

Cognates

• ᴹQ. sundo “base, root, root-word” ✧ Ety/SUD

Derivations

• ᴹ√STUD “base, ground” ✧ EtyAC/SUD; Ety/SUD

Element in

• N. Morthond “Blackroot”
• N. thonnas “base, root, root-word, root-word; foundation; base, root” ✧ EtyAC/SUD; EtyAC/SUD (sonnas*)

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ√STUD > thund > thonn	[stunda] > [sθunda] > [θunda] > [θonda] > [θond] > [θonn]	✧ EtyAC/SUD
ᴹ√SUD > sunn	[sundo] > [sund] > [sunn]	✧ Ety/SUD

Variations

• sunn ✧ EtyAC/SUD (sunn)

thonnas

noun. base, root, root-word, root-word; *foundation; base, root

Changes

• sonnas → thonnas ✧ EtyAC/SUD

Variations

• sonnas ✧ EtyAC/SUD (sonnas)

solch

noun. root (especially as edible)