Quenya 

drûg

noun "Drûg", Rúatan pl. Rúatani "Drúedain" (UT:385)

proper name. Wose

Given as the Quenya word for “Wose” (UT/385), most likely an adaptation of its Sindarin cognate S. Drû.

Cognates

  • Wos. Drughu “Wose” ✧ UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Rú
  • S. Drû “Wose” ✧ UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Rú
  • Wes. Rôg “Wose” ✧ UTI/Drúath

Element in

  • Q. Rúatan “Wose, (lit.) Wose-man” ✧ UT/385
Quenya [UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Rú] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rau

lion

rau (pl. rávi) noun "lion" (LT1:260; the pl. of this "Qenya" form is valid in Tolkien's later Quenya as well, but the sg. he changed to , q.v.)

rauro

noun. lion

lion

Quenya [PE 19:99, 104] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

rauro

noun. lion

The common Quenya word for “lion” (more literally “roarer”) appearing in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as opposed to archaic Q. † (PE19/99, 104); see that entry for further discussion of its conceptual development.

Derivations

  • rāw “lion” ✧ PE19/099
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”
  • raurō “roarer” ✧ PE19/104
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
rāw > raurō[rauro]✧ PE19/099
rau̯rō > rauro[raurō] > [rauro]✧ PE19/104

Variations

  • raurō ✧ PE19/099
Quenya [PE19/099; PE19/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lion

(2) noun "lion", stem #ráv- as in the pl. rávi (RAW). Compare rau.

noun. lion

An archaic word for “lion” mentioned in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, versus more common Q. rauro (PE19/99, 104).

Conceptual Development: This word has a lengthy history in Tolkien’s conception of Elvish, dating all the way back to ᴱQ. rau “lion” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA (QL/79). In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien had “lion” (PE21/40). It appeared in The Etymologies from later in the 1930s as ᴹQ. “lion” derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW, with plural form rávi (Ety/RAW).

In the Outline of Phonetic Development (OP1) from this period Tolkien had (unglossed) rāva < rāwa (PE19/62), but in Notes for Qenya Declensions from the 1940s Tolkien had (unglossed) rāu < rắwă (PE21/69). The last clear mention in currently published materials is in the Outline of Phonology (OP2) from the 1950s, as discussed above.

Cognates

  • ᴺS. raw “lion”

Derivations

  • rāw “lion” ✧ PE19/099; PE19/104
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Element in

  • ᴺQ. ëarra “seal, sea lion”
  • ᴺQ. picara “leopard”
  • ᴺQ. rimpira “tiger, (lit.) stripe-lion”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
rāw > [rāw] > [rā]✧ PE19/099
rāw > [rāw] > [rā]✧ PE19/104

Variations

  • ✧ PE19/099 (); PE19/104
Quenya [PE19/099; PE19/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rá†

noun. lion

lion

Quenya [PE 19:99] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

farnë

dwelling

#farnë (2) noun "dwelling", in orofarnë (as translated in Letters:224, but in other notes of Tolkiens the word was interpreted "any growing thing or plant", PE17:83)

marda

dwelling

marda noun "dwelling" (PE17:107)

voronwë

steadfastness, loyalty, faithfulness

voronwë noun "steadfastness, loyalty, faithfulness" (CO), also as masc. name Voronwë "the Faithful" (PM:340, BORÓN, LT1:250)

Sindarin 

drû

proper name. Wose

A Sindarin word for “Wose”, a loan word from the Wose’s name for themselves: Drughu (UT/385).

Conceptual Development: In his Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien considered making this word a native Sindarin adjective “savage, wild” derived from the root √DROB, a variant of √SROB from which rhaw “wild” was derived (PE17/99). These roots would produce the Q. cognate (h)róva instead of better established Q. (h)ráva “wild”, so I personally prefer the later derivation of Drû as a loan word from Wos. Drughu.

Cognates

  • Q. hráva “wild, savage, wild, savage, [ᴹQ.] untamed” ✧ PE17/099
  • Q. “Wose” ✧ UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Rú

Derivations

  • Wos. Drughu “Wose”
  • DROB “*wild” ✧ PE17/099

Element in

  • S. Drúadan “Wose, (lit.) Wild-man” ✧ PE17/099; UT/385; UTI/Drúedain
  • S. Drúnos “a family of the Drû-folk” ✧ UT/385
  • S. Drúwaith “the wilderness of the Drû-folk” ✧ UT/385

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
D)ROB > drû[drōb] > [drōv] > [drūv] > [drū]✧ PE17/099

Variations

  • drû ✧ PE17/099
Sindarin [PE17/099; UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Drúedain; UTI/Rú] Group: Eldamo. Published by

drúath

noun. the people of the Drû, the Woses

Sindarin [UT/385] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Druadan

noun. wose

n. wose, wild man.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:99] < (S)ROB, (D)ROB + ?. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

bar

noun. dwelling, home

Sindarin [S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

bar

noun. inhabited land

Sindarin [S/428, WR/379-80, SD/129-31] Group: SINDICT. Published by

raw

noun. lion

Sindarin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

gobel

enclosed dwelling

(i ’obel) (walled house or village, ”town”), pl. gebil (i ngebil = i ñebil). Archaic pl. göbil.

rhûd

dwelling underground

(construct rhud, with article ?i thrûd or ?i rûd – *the lenition product of rh- is uncertain) (artificial cave, rockhewn hall, mine), pl. rhuid (?idh ruid) (PM:365)*.

raw

lion

*raw (pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

raw

noun. lion

Cognates

  • Q. “lion”
Sindarin Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

raw

lion

(pl. roe, idh roe). Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” rhaw, pl rhui. Homophones mean ”bank” (of river) and also ”rush, roaring noise”.

bâr

dwelling

bâr (house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

bâr

dwelling

(house, home, family; land, earth) (i mâr, o mbâr, construct bar), pl. bair (i mbair). Also -bar, -mar at the end of compounds

dôr

dwelling place

(i nôr, construct dor) (land, region), pl. dŷr (i ndŷr) (WJ:413).

grôd

underground dwelling

(i ’rôd, construct grod) (cave, delving, excavation), pl. grŷd (in grŷd) (WJ:414)

Primitive elvish

noun.

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rāw

noun. lion

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar”

Derivatives

  • Q. “lion” ✧ PE19/099; PE19/104
  • Q. rauro “lion” ✧ PE19/099
Primitive elvish [PE19/099; PE19/102; PE19/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

skū

noun.

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sisti

root.

Derivatives

  • ᴺQ. sistë “ulcer, sore, boil”
Primitive elvish Group: Eldamo - neologism/adaptations. Published by

skā

noun.

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

rhaw

noun. lion

Noldorin [Ety/383, X/RH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

rhaw

noun. lion

A noun appearing as N. rhaw “lion” in The Etymologies of the 1930s derived from primitive ᴹ✶rāu [rāw] under the root ᴹ√RAW (Ety/RAW), where the initial r was unvoiced to rh as was generally the case in Noldorin. It had a Noldorin plural form of rhui.

Conceptual Development: G. rau “lion” appeared in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s (GL/65), probably a derivative of the early root ᴱ√RAVA like its cognate ᴱQ. rau “lion” (QL/79).

Neo-Sindarin: Since the unvoicing of initial liquids did not occur in Sindarin, many people adapt this word as ᴺS. raw “lion” for purposes of Neo-Sindarin, as suggested in HSD (HSD). Its Sindarin-style plural is more likely to be roe(w) rather than ✱✱rui: compare Sindarin plural S. noeg of naug “dwarf” (UT/100) vs. its Noldorin plural N. nuig (EtyAC/NAUK).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivations

  • On. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; Ety/RAW
    • ᴹ✶rāu “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
On. > rhaw[rǭ] > [rou] > [rau] > [r̥au]✧ Ety/RAW
On. rōwi > rhui[rǭwi] > [rouwi] > [rauwi] > [ruiw] > [r̥uiw] > [r̥ui]✧ Ety/RAW

Variations

  • rhaw ✧ Ety/RAW

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Westron

rôg

proper name. Wose

Cognates

  • Q. “Wose” ✧ UTI/Drúath

Variations

  • Róg ✧ UTI/Drúath; UTI/Róg
Westron [UTI/Drúath; UTI/Róg] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Rohirric

púkel

proper name. Wose

Rohirric [LotRI/Púkel-men] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Wose

drughu

proper name. Wose

Cognates

  • Q. “Wose” ✧ UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Rú

Derivatives

Variations

  • drûg ✧ UT/377
Wose [UT/377; UT/385; UTI/Drúath; UTI/Rú] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Qenya 

noun. lion

noun. lion

Cognates

  • On. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
  • N. rhaw “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶rāu “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; PE19/062; PE21/69
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶rāu̯ > [rāw] > [rā]✧ Ety/RAW
ᴹ✶rāwa > rāva[rāwa] > [rāva]✧ PE19/062
ᴹ✶rắwă > rāu[rāwa] > [rāw]✧ PE21/69

Variations

  • rāva ✧ PE19/062
  • ✧ PE21/40
  • rāu ✧ PE21/69 (rāu)
Qenya [Ety/RAW; PE19/062; PE21/40; PE21/69] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ráva

noun. lion

Old Noldorin 

noun. lion

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivations

  • ᴹ✶rāu “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
    • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivatives

  • N. rhaw “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; Ety/RAW

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶rāu̯ > [rāw] > [rā] > [rǭ]✧ Ety/RAW

Variations

  • ✧ EtyAC/RAW
  • rówi ✧ EtyAC/RAW
Old Noldorin [Ety/RAW; EtyAC/RAW] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

rāu

noun. lion

Derivations

  • ᴹ√RAW “*roar” ✧ Ety/RAW

Derivatives

  • ᴹQ. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; PE19/062; PE21/69
  • On. “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW
    • N. rhaw “lion” ✧ Ety/RAW; Ety/RAW

Variations

  • rāu̯ ✧ Ety/RAW
  • rāwa ✧ PE19/062
  • rắwă ✧ PE21/69
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/RAW; EtyAC/RAW; PE19/062; PE21/69] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

rau

noun. lion

Cognates

  • Eq. rau “lion” ✧ LT1A/Meássë

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RAVA “*hunt” ✧ LT1A/Meássë
Gnomish [GL/65; LT1A/Meássë] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-vran

suffix. dwelling

A suffixal form of G. brann (GL/24); see S. barthan for discussion.

Cognates

Variations

  • -vron ✧ GL/24

-vron

suffix. dwelling

gwast

noun. dwelling

A noun for “dwelling” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√[[ep|ŋwa[ð]-]] (GL/47).

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ŊWAÐA “tarry, linger” ✧ GL/47

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ŋwa- > gwast[ŋʷaðt] > [ŋgʷaðt] > [gʷaðt] > [gʷaðt]✧ GL/47

Early Noldorin

bronnuin

noun. steadfastness

Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nuimrond

noun. steadfastness

Variations

  • nuinvrond ✧ PE13/140
Early Noldorin [PE13/140] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nuinvrond

noun. steadfastness

Early Primitive Elvish

ru’u

root.

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s, probably actually ✱ᴱ√RUƷU, with derivatives like ᴱQ. “dwelling, village, hamlet”, ᴱQ. rue “rest, stillness, remaining, steadfastness”, and ᴱQ. ruin “peace” (QL/80). There were a number of likely-related words in the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon such as G. “enduring, long suffering; quiet, gentle, docile”, G. “dwelling, house”, and G. rûtha- “dwell, remain”, though Tolkien seems to have rejected the Gnomish forms beginning with rô- (GL/66). There are no signs of this root in Tolkien’s later writing, but I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√RUH “✱still” to preserve some of these early words.

Derivatives

  • Eq. “dwelling, village, hamlet” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. “steadfastness, faith, trustiness” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rue “rest, stillness, remaining, steadfastness” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. ruin “peace” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rungwa “stiff, solid” ✧ QL/080
  • Eq. rúse “weary”
  • Eq. rúya “unmoved, steadfast” ✧ QL/080
  • G. rô- “to remain, stay, stand; to endure”
  • G. “enduring, long suffering; quiet, gentle, docile”
  • G. rôs “endurance, meekness, patience, gentleness”
  • G. “dwelling, house”
  • G. ruin “inhabited, tilled”
  • G. rûs “endurance, long suffering, patience”
  • G. rust “inhabitation; cultivation, tillage”
  • G. rûtha- “to dwell, remain”
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

nulu

root.

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s marked by Tolkien with a “?” having a single derivative ᴱQ. NÛLE “lead” (QL/68). There are no signs of this root elsewhere in Tolkien’s later writing, and even in the early period he generally used ᴱQ. kanu for “metallic lead” (LT1/100; QL/44).

Derivatives

  • Eq. núle “lead” ✧ QL/068
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/068] Group: Eldamo. Published by

tum(b)u

root.

Derivatives

  • ᴹ✶tundu “hole”
    • ᴹQ. tundo “hole” ✧ PE21/08
  • Eq. túma “moving”
  • Eq. tum- “to dive”
  • Eq. tumbe “trumpet, (large) horn” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • Eq. tumbo “dale, vale” ✧ LT1A/Tombo; QL/095
  • Eq. tumna “deep, profound, dark or hidden” ✧ LT1A/Tombo; QL/095
  • ᴺQ. tumya- “to dip, baptize”
  • Eq. tunda “hole”
  • G. tumla- “to excavate, hollow out” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • G. tûm “valley” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • G. tum “hollow” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • G. tumli “dale” ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • G. Udum

Variations

  • TUMU ✧ LT1A/Tombo
  • TUM(B)U² ✧ QL/095
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Tombo; QL/095] Group: Eldamo. Published by

gwori

root.

Changes

  • WORIGWORI ✧ QL/104

Derivatives

  • Eq. wóre “sweet (to taste only)” ✧ QL/104
  • G. gûri “sweet” ✧ QL/104

Variations

  • WORI ✧ QL/104 (WORI)
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/104] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Reconstructed

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. “the two lips, the (closed) mouth” ✧ QL/072
  • G. beg “chin”
  • G. mem “mouth”

Variations

  • ✧ QL/072
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/072] Group: Eldamo. Published by

hama

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. hant “down, to the ground” ✧ QL/039
  • Eq. han “ground, earth” ✧ QL/039
  • G. ham “ground, level of Earth’s service [surface]”
  • G. hôm “ground, base, bottom, seabed”
  • G. hum “(right) down, (lit.) to bottom”

Element in

Variations

  • HAM ✧ QL/039
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/039] Group: Eldamo. Published by

oso

root.

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. oksa “joint” and ᴱQ. oswe “hip” (QL/71). In Tolkien’s later writings “joint” words seem to be based on √LIM “link, join” as in Q. málimë/S. molif “wrist, (lit.) hand-link” (VT47/6), but ᴱQ. oswe “hip” may be salvaged as a derivative of ᴹ√OS “round, about” referring instead to a rotating joint rather than a link.

Derivatives

  • Eq. oksa “joint” ✧ QL/071
  • Eq. oswe “hip” ✧ QL/071
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/071] Group: Eldamo. Published by

po

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. póme “north” ✧ QL/074
  • Eq. póya “[unglossed]” ✧ QL/074

Element in

  • Eq. Ponóre “Norway” ✧ QL/074
  • Eq. Ponórir “the Northlands, Scandanavia” ✧ QL/074
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/074] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pol-i

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. pole “oats, grain (unground kernels of oats, wheat, etc.); flour” ✧ QL/075
  • Eq. polu “kernel” ✧ QL/075
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/075] Group: Eldamo. Published by

siŋi

root.

The root ᴱ√SIŊI appeared unglossed in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives ᴱQ. singe “salt” and (adjective) ᴱQ. singwa “salt” (QL/83). It had similar derivatives the contemporaneous Gnomish Lexicon: G. sing and singrin “salt”, noun and adjective (GL/67). I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√SIÑGI to salvage these early words.

Derivatives

  • Eq. singe “salt” ✧ QL/083

Element in

Early Primitive Elvish [QL/083] Group: Eldamo. Published by

root.

Derivatives

  • Eq. senda “like, something like, similar” ✧ QL/082
  • Eq. sesta- “to liken, compare, make like, model on, assimilate, imitate” ✧ QL/082
  • Eq. se “as, like, in manner of” ✧ QL/082
  • Eq. seste “similarity” ✧ QL/082

Variations

  • SENE² ✧ QL/082
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/082] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sṣtyṣ

root.

The unglossed root ᴱ√SṢT͡YṢ appeared in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. sastya “sore, galled” and ᴱQ. sist (sisty-) “ulcer, sore” (QL/86). The latter word was also mentioned as siste in “ulcer, boil” as a derivative of ᴱ✶sṣtē (PE12/14), and the primitive form was given as sistyi, though Tolkien did say it was indicative of ancient syllabic (PE12/3). However, in the Early Noldorin Dictionary of the 1920s it seems primitive ᴱ✶sṣt- = “✱hiss” (PE13/163); see the entry on ᴹ√SUS “hiss” for discussion.

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin I think it is worth positing a Neo-Root ᴺ√SISTI to salvage some of these early words.

Derivatives

  • ᴱ✶sṣtē “ulcer, boil”
    • Eq. sist(e) “ulcer, sore, boil” ✧ PE12/014
  • Eq. sastya “sore, galled” ✧ QL/086
  • Eq. sist(e) “ulcer, sore, boil” ✧ QL/086

Variations

  • sistyi- ✧ PE12/003
  • SṢT͡YṢ ✧ QL/086
Early Primitive Elvish [PE12/003; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

vḷkḷ

root.

An unglossed root in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s with derivatives like ᴱQ. valkane “torture” and ᴱQ. vilkin “bitter, evil”, serving as the basis for ᴱQ. Valkarauke, the Qenya name of Balrogs (QL/100). In later writings the initial element of this name was derived from √BAL “(divine) power”.

Derivatives

  • Eq. valke “edge, sharp blade” ✧ QL/101
  • Eq. valka “cruel, bitter” ✧ QL/101
  • Eq. vilki- “to cut” ✧ QL/101
  • Eq. vilkin “bitter, evil” ✧ QL/101
Early Primitive Elvish [QL/101] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

noun. dwelling, village, hamlet

Cognates

  • G. “dwelling, house”

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RU’U “‽” ✧ QL/080

Element in

  • Eq. ruella “village” ✧ QL/080

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√RU’U > rū¹[ruɣ] > [rū]✧ QL/080

Variations

  • ✧ PME/081
  • rū¹ ✧ QL/080
Early Quenya [PME/081; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

noun. steadfastness, faith, trustiness

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RU’U “‽” ✧ QL/080

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√RU’U > [ruɣ] > [rū]✧ QL/080

Variations

  • ✧ PME/081; QL/080
Early Quenya [PME/081; QL/080] Group: Eldamo. Published by

rau

noun. lion

Cognates

  • G. rau “lion” ✧ LT1A/Meássë

Derivations

  • ᴱ√RAVA “*hunt” ✧ LT1A/Meássë; QL/079

Element in

  • Eq. ravenne “she-lion” ✧ QL/079

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√RAVA > Rau[raβ] > [rau]✧ QL/079

Variations

  • Rau ✧ QL/079
Early Quenya [LT1A/Meássë; PME/079; QL/079] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lahta-

verb.

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LAHA “*open, extend” ✧ QL/050

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LAHA > lahta-[laxta-]✧ QL/050
Early Quenya [QL/050] Group: Eldamo. Published by