Quenya 

hyarma

left hand

hyarma noun "left hand" (VT47:6, VT49:12). Compare hyarmaitë, hyarya. Once with definite article directly prefixed (ihyarma, VT49:22), but i hyarma in other versions of the same text.

hyarma

noun. left hand

Cognates

  • S. harvo “left hand, left side” ✧ VT47/06

Element in

Elements

WordGloss
hyar-“left-hand, south”
má“hand”
Quenya [VT47/06; VT49/12; VT49/22] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Sindarin 

crûm

left hand

crûm (i grûm, o chrûm, construct crum), pl. cruim (i chruim), coll. pl. crummath. Also *hair (i chair), no distinct pl. form (not even with article). Note: hair is also used = ”left” as adjective. Cited in archaic form heir (LR:365 s.v. KHYAR). PALM (or

crûm

left hand

crûm (i grûm, o chrûm, construct crum), pl. cruim (i chruim), coll. pl. crummath.

Primitive elvish

khyar

?. *before, in front of place

Derivations

  • √KHYĀ “before, in front of place” ✧ PE22/147
Primitive elvish [PE22/147] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

crum

noun. left hand

Changes

  • crum → crum “wile, guile” ✧ Ety/KURÚM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUR “craft” ✧ Ety/KUR
  • ᴹ✶krumbē “*left hand” ✧ Ety/KURÚM
    • ᴹ√KURUM “*left” ✧ Ety/KURÚM
  • ᴹ√KURUM “*left” ✧ EtyAC/KUR

Element in

  • N. crumguru “wiley, sinister, guilty” ✧ EtyAC/KUR
  • N. crumui “left-handed” ✧ Ety/KURÚM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ✶krumbē > crum[kurúmbē] > [krumbē] > [krumbe] > [krumbe] > [krumb] > [krumb] > [krumm] > [krum]✧ Ety/KURÚM
Noldorin [Ety/KUR; Ety/KURÚM; EtyAC/KUR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Middle Primitive Elvish

khyar

root. left hand

A root given as {ᴹ√KHAR >>} ᴹ√KHYAR “left hand” in The Etymologies of the 1930s, associated with ᴹQ. hyarmen/N. harad “south” (Ety/KHYAR). These words for “south” reappeared in The Lord of the Rings (LotR/1115), and the connection between “south” and “left” was reaffirmed in Tolkien’s discussion of the Ambidexters Sentence from the late 1960s, since the Elves aligned the cardinal directions by facing west towards Aman (VT49/6-8).

Changes

  • KHAR → KHYAR ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Derivatives

  • Q. hyar- “left-hand, south”
  • ᴹQ. hyarmen “south, left hand” ✧ Ety/KHYAR; Ety/KHYAR
  • ᴹQ. hyarya “left (hand)” ✧ Ety/KHYAR; Ety/KHYAR
  • N. heir “left (hand)” ✧ Ety/KHYAR
  • N. harad “south” ✧ Ety/KHYAR
  • N. harfen “*south-region” ✧ Ety/KHYAR
  • S. harn “south, southern”
  • N. harn “southern” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Element in

  • ᴹQ. hyarmen “south, left hand” ✧ Ety/MEN

Variations

  • KHAR ✧ Ety/KHYAR (KHAR)
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/KHYAR; Ety/MEN; Ety/PHOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by