Quenya 

Harmen

south

[Harmen] noun "south" (MEN)(Changed to hyarmen.)

Hyarastorni

south

Hyarastorni place-name, region in Númenor, apparently including hyar- "south" and perhaps orni "trees" (UT:210)

hyarmen

south

hyarmen, Hyarmen noun "south" (SA, SA:men, KHYAR), literally "lefthand-direction" (VT49:12), since the Elves named the directions as they were to a person facing the Blessed Realm in the West Also name of tengwa #33 (Appendix E). In Hyarmendacil masc.name, "South-victor" (Appendix A), apparently also in the place-name Hyarmentir (name of a mountain; the element -tir means *"watch[ing point]".) (SA) Hyarnustar "the Southwestlands" of Númenor; Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" (UT:165)

Sindarin 

harad

noun. south

Sindarin [Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

harad

adjective. south

_adj. _south, southern. Q. hyarmen, hyarna. >> har-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:18:88] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

harad

noun. south

Cognates

  • Q. hyarmen “south, (lit.) left-hand direction” ✧ LotR/1115; LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/088; SA/hyarmen; PE17/018

Element in

  • S. Harad “The South”
  • S. Haradrim “Southrons, (lit.) People of the Harad”
  • S. Haradwaith “South-folk, the Harad”

Variations

  • Harad ✧ LotR/1115
Sindarin [LotR/1115; LotR/1123; PE17/018; PE17/088; SA/hyarmen] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harad

place name. The South

The southern regions of Middle-earth (LotR/248), it is simply harad “south” used as a name.

Conceptual Development: The name was already N. Harad when it first appeared in Lord of the Rings drafts from the 1940s (TI/333).

Elements

WordGloss
harad“south”
Sindarin [LotRI/Harad; PMI/Harad; UTI/Harad] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harad

south

1) (”the South” as an area) Harad (i Charad, o Charad, 2) hâr (i châr, o châr, construct har) (also = ”left”). 3) The word Harven (i Charven, o Charven) may refer primarily to ”south” as a direction; the final element -ven means ”way”. (VT45:23). Adj.

harad

south

(i Charad, o Charad

harad

Harad

Harad means "South" in Sindarin. The word is derived from root KHYAR, and is cognate to Quenya hyarmen ("south"). It is also called Haradwaith which includes gwaith ("people"). The Men of Harad were called Haradrim ("Southern-host").

Sindarin [Tolkien Gateway] Published by

haradren

south, southern

(lenited charadren; pl. heredrin), also harn (lenited charn, pl. hern). Note: a homophone of the latter means ”wounded”, and as noun harn also means ”helmet” (so haradren may be preferred for clarity).

haradrim

southerners, southrons

(a coll. pl., ”people of the south”)

hâr

south

(i châr, o châr, construct har) (also = ”left”).

harven

south

(i Charven, o Charven) may refer primarily to ”south” as a direction; the final element -ven means ”way”. (VT45:23). Adj.

Noldorin 

harad

noun. south

Noldorin [Ety/365, S/432, LotR/E] Group: SINDICT. Published by

harad

noun. south

Changes

  • haranharad ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. hyarmen “south, left hand” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KHYAR “left hand” ✧ Ety/KHYAR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KHYAR > harad[kʰjarata] > [kʰarata] > [xarata] > [xarat] > [xarad] > [harad]✧ Ety/KHYAR

Variations

  • haran ✧ EtyAC/KHYAR (haran)
Noldorin [Ety/KHYAR; EtyAC/KHYAR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

harad

place name. The South

Elements

WordGloss
harad“south”
Noldorin [SDI1/Harad; TI/333; TII/Harad; WRI/Harad] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

harmen

noun. south

Early Quenya

sahóra

place name. the South

Name for “the South” in the Qenya Lexicon and Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa from the 1910s (QL/81; PME/81), where it appeared under the root ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” derived from the primitive form ᴱ✶saχ+þōra (QL/81). In the contemporaneous Qenya Phonology, however its primitive form was revised from ᴱ✶þaχþōđa >> ᴱ✶saχsōđa (PE12/18), and ᴱ✶saχ-sōđa was given the gloss “house of fire”.

The primitive forms ᴱ✶þōra, ᴱ✶þōđa and ᴱ✶sōđa would all produce ᴱQ. sóra. The closest equivalent is ᴱQ. sóra “seat”, but that word was derived from the root ᴱ√ÐORO “sit” (QL/85). It is unclear whether Tolkien intended any relationship between the two, but SOŘO (= ✱SOÐO) did appear as a rejected variant of this root (QL/86), hinting that such a relationship is at least a possibility.

@@@ variant forms and their etymologies

Derivations

  • ᴱ√SAH(Y)A “be hot” ✧ LT1/248; LT1A/Sári
  • ᴱ✶saχsōđa “house of fire” ✧ PE12/018; PE12/021; QL/081

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ✶saχsōđa > Sahóra[saxsōðā] > [saxxōðā] > [saxxōða] > [saxxōza] > [saxxōra] > [sahōra]✧ PE12/018
ᴱ✶saχsōđa > saxóra[saxsōðā] > [saxsōða] > [saxsōza] > [saxsōra] > [saksōra]✧ PE12/018
ᴱ✶saχ-sōđā > Sahóra[saxsōðā] > [saxxōðā] > [saxxōða] > [saxxōza] > [saxxōra] > [sahōra]✧ PE12/021
ᴱ✶saχ-sōđā > saxóra[saxsōðā] > [saxsōða] > [saxsōza] > [saxsōra] > [saksōra]✧ PE12/021

Variations

  • saxóra ✧ PE12/018; PE12/021
  • sahóra ✧ PME/081
  • sasōra ✧ PME/081; QL/081
  • sahōra ✧ QL/081
Early Quenya [LT1/248; LT1A/Sári; PE12/018; PE12/021; PME/081; QL/081] Group: Eldamo. Published by