-ya (3) suffix of endearment, attested in Anardilya as an intimate form of the name Anardil (UT:174, 418), possibly also occurring in atya "dad", emya "mum" (q.v.) The forms ataryo "daddy" and amilyë "mummy" (q.v.) may contain gender-specific variants -yo masc. and -yë fem.
Quenya
-ye
suffix. and (pairs)
Element in
- Q. imbi Menel Cemenyë menë Ráno tië “between Heaven and Earth goes the path of the Moon” ✧ VT47/11
-yë
conjunction. and
-ië
suffix. abstract noun, adverb
Derivations
- ✶-(i)yē “abstract noun, adverb” ✧ PE17/058
Element in
- Q. Andúnië “Sunset”
- Q. aquapahtië “privacy, *(lit.) full-closedness”
- Q. aranië “kingdom”
- Q. túrindië “*kingdom”
- Q. Carnimírië “Red-jewelled”
- Q. coloitië “endurance, staunchness, fortitude”
- Q. enquië “Elvish week of six days”
- Q. hísië “mist, mistiness”
- Q. látie “openness”
- Q. laurië “goldenness; like gold”
- Q. lintië “swiftness, speed; swiftly, *quickly” ✧ PE17/058
- Q. londië “harbourage”
- Q. alatúlië “welcome”
- Q. márië “well, happily; goodness, good estate, being well, happiness” ✧ PE17/058
- ᴺQ. molië “labour, work”
- Q. mornië “darkness, blackness”
- Q. Nárië “June, *Fire-ness”
- Q. Neldië “*Trinity”
- Q. olass(i)ë “foliage, collection of leaves”
- Q. Onnarië “Time of Children”
- ᴺQ. otolmië “keyboard”
- Q. quelië “*fading” ✧ LotR/1110
- Q. sangië “necessity”
- Q. sarnië “shingle, pebble bank”
- Q. Sindanórië “Grey Country, Land of Greyness”
- Q. sindië “greyness”
- Q. tárië “height”
- Q. tengwestië “language [as a concept]”
- Q. terpellië “*temptation”
- Q. Yavannië “September, *Yavanna-ness”
- Q. yávië “autumn, harvest [time or act]”
- Q. yénië “annals”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-(i)ı̯ē > -ië [-ijē] > [-ie] ✧ PE17/058 Variations
- -ië ✧ LotR/1110 (-ië); PE17/058
- -ie ✧ PE17/058; PE17/058; PE17/058; PE17/059; PE17/059
-lë
suffix. abstract noun, adverb
Changes
- -le → ve ✧ PE17/074
Derivations
Element in
- ᴺQ. aitalë “reverence, worship, religion”
- Q. cendelë “face, face, *visage”
- Q. findelë “tress, lock [of hair]”
- Q. findilë “head of hair”
- Q. fintalë “trick”
- Q. hantalë “thanksgiving”
- Q. laitalë “praise”
- Q. lambelë “phonetics” ✧ VT39/16
- Q. lindalë “music”
- Q. lumbulë “dark shadow, heavy shadow; deep in shadow”
- Q. maitalë “the act of doing [artistic] work”
- Q. máralë “goodness” ✧ PE17/058
- Q. nurtalë “hiding”
- Q. oialë “forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity, forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity; [ᴹQ.] everlasting age” ✧ PE17/058; PE17/074
- Q. ontalë “descent, descent, *derivation, ancestry”
- Q. quellë “late autumn and early winter, (lit.) fading”
- Q. quentalë “history, narration, history, narration, [ᴹQ.] account” ✧ VT39/16
- Q. sillë “like this” ✧ PE17/074
- Q. tallë “like that” ✧ PE17/074
- Q. tengwelë “language (general term), language (general term); [ᴱQ.] sense” ✧ VT39/16
- Q. tumbalë “depth, deep valley”
- Q. vendelë “maidenhood”
- Q. yallë “as, in the same way as, like” ✧ PE17/074
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-lē > -le [-lē] > [-le] ✧ PE17/058 √LEŊ > -le [-leŋ] > [-leɣ] > [-le] ✧ PE17/074 ✶-lē > -lë [-lē] > [-le] ✧ VT39/16 Variations
- -le ✧ PE17/058; PE17/074
-vë
suffix. abstract noun, adverb
Derivations
- ✶-b(iy)ē “-ing”
Element in
- Q. andavë “long, at great length”
- ᴺQ. anwavë “surely, certainly”
- Q. auvië “possession (abstract), *the act of possessing”
- Q. coivië “life, life, [ᴱQ.] liveliness; awakening” ✧ PE17/068
- Q. cuivië “awakening” ✧ PE17/068
- Q. ilúvë “the whole, the all, allness, the whole, the all, allness; [ᴹQ.] universe, world; Heaven”
- Q. návë “being” ✧ PE17/068
- Q. oialë “forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity, forever; everlastingly, eternally, in eternity; [ᴹQ.] everlasting age” ✧ PE17/074
- Q. sívë “knowing, knowledge” ✧ PE17/068
Variations
- -ve ✧ PE17/068
- ve ✧ PE17/074
-ya
dad
yo
and
yo conj. "and", "often used between _two _items (of any part of speech) that were by nature or custom clearly associated, like the names of spouses (Manwë yo Varda), or "sword and sheath" (*macil yo vainë*), "bow and arrows" (quinga yo pilindi), or groups like "Elves and Men" (Eldar yo Fírimor but contrast eldain a fírimoin [dative forms] in FS, where Tolkien joins the words with a, seemingly simply a variant of the common conjunction ar). In one source, yo is apparently a preposition "with" (yo hildinyar* = "with my heirs", SD:56).
yo
conjunction. both ... and
Derivations
Element in
- Q. sanomë tarnë Olórin, Aracorno, Eomer, Imrahil, mi mísë, mi telepta yo morna, mi laiqua yo ninquë, mi luinë, ta Gimli mi lossëa “There stood Gandalf, Aragorn, Eomer and Imrahil in grey, in silver and black, in green and white, and in blue, and also Gimli in white” ✧ PE17/071; PE17/071
- ᴺQ. yola “neither, nor”
Variations
- Yo ✧ PE17/070
arë
and
arë conj. "and", longer form of ar, q.v. (VT43:31)
and
and
a (2) conj. "and", a variant of ar occurring in Fíriel's Song (that also has ar; a seems to be used before words in f-, but contrast ar formenna "and northwards" in a late text, VT49:26). According to PE17:41, "Old Quenya" could have the conjunction a (as a variant of ar) before n, ñ, m, h, hy, hw (f is not mentioned), PE17:71 adding ty, ny, hr, hl, ñ, l, r, þ, s. See ar #1. It may be that the a or the sentence nornë a lintieryanen "he ran with his speed" (i.e. as quickly as he could) is to be understood as this conjunction, if the literal meaning is "he ran and [did so] with his speed" (PE17:58).
ar
and
ar (1) conj. "and" (AR2, SA, FS, Nam, RGEO:67, CO, LR:47, 56, MC:216, VT43:31, VT44:10, 34; see VT47:31 for etymology, cf. also VT49:25, 40). The older form of the conjunction was az (PE17:41). Ar is often assimilated to al, as before l, s (PE17:41, 71), but "in written Quenya ar was usually written in all cases" (PE17:71). In one case, Tolkien altered the phrase ar larmar "and raiments" to al larmar; the former may then be seen as representing the spelling, whereas the latter represents the pronunciation(PE17:175). More complex schemes of assimilation are suggested to have existed in "Old Quenya", the conjunction varying between ar, a and as depending on the following consonant (PE17:41, 71). An alternative longer form of the conjunction, arë, is said to occur "occasionally in Tolkien's later writings" (VT43:31, cf. VT48:14). In the Etymologies, the word for "and" was first written as ar(a) (VT45:6). In one source, Tolkien notes that Quenya used ar "as preposition beside, next, or as adverb = and" (PE17:145); compare ara.
ar
and
o (1) conj. "and", occurring solely in SD:246; all other sources give ar.
ar
conjunction. and, and; [ᴱQ., ᴹQ.] but
Changes
ara→ ar ✧ NM/239ar→ ar “and” ✧ PE17/041ar→ ar ✧ PE17/041ar→ al ✧ PE17/175Cognates
- S. a “and; †by, near, beside” ✧ PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/102; PE17/145; SA/ar
Derivations
- ✶as(a) “and” ✧ PE17/041; PE17/041; VT47/31
- √AS “beside” ✧ VT47/31
- ✶ad(a) “and, alongside” ✧ PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/041; PE17/070; PE17/071; PE17/071; PE17/102
- √AD(A) “by (the side of), beside, alongside; against, opposed to, opposite” ✧ PE17/071
- √AD(A) “by (the side of), beside, alongside; against, opposed to, opposite” ✧ PE17/145
- √AR “beyond, further than; outside; beside, alongside, beyond, further than; outside; beside, alongside; [ᴱ√] spread, extend sideways” ✧ SA/ar
Element in
- Q. aiya Eldalië ar Atanatári, utúlie’n aurë “Behold, people of the Eldar and Fathers of Men, the day has come!” ✧ S/190; WJ/166
- Q. álamë tulya úsahtienna “[and] lead us not into temptation” ✧ VT43/21
- Q. alcar i Ataren ar i Yondon ar i Airefëan “glory be to the Father, and to the Son, and to the Holy Spirit” ✧ VT43/36
- Q. alcarin Vendë ar manaquenta “O glorious and blessed Virgin” ✧ VT44/10
- Q. ar aistana i yávë mónalyo Yésus “and blessed is the fruit of thy womb Jesus” ✧ VT43/31; VT43/31
- Q. ar ámen apsenë úcaremmar “and forgive us our trespasses” ✧ VT43/18
- Q. ar cé mo formenna tentanes Amanna “and if northwards, it pointed towards Aman” ✧ VT49/25
- Q. ar Elendil Vorondo voronwë “and of the faith of Elendil the Faithful” ✧ UT/305
- Q. ar hísië untúpa Calaciryo míri oialë “and mist covers the jewels of Calacirya forever” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
- Q. ar hísië untúpa Calaciryo míri oialë “and mist covers (lit. down-roofs) Calacirya’s jewels forever” ✧ RGEO/59
- Q. ar i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa tennoio “and of the One who is above all thrones for ever” ✧ UT/305
- Q. ar ilyë tier undulávë lumbulë “and all paths are drowned deep in shadow” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
- Q. ar lumbulë undulávë ilyë tier “and (heavy) shadow swallowed (lit. down-licked) all roads” ✧ RGEO/59
- Q. ar mi cemen rainë i hínin “and on earth peace, good will toward men” ✧ VT44/34; VT44/34; VT44/34
- Q. ar sindanóriello caita mornië “and out of a grey country darkness lies” ✧ LotR/0377; RGEO/58
- Q. ar sindanóriello mornië caita “and from a grey country darkness lies” ✧ RGEO/59
- Q. ar súlë Manwëo etsurinyë ar Eldaron indor turyaner “*and the spirit of Manwe went out and the hearts of the Eldar were comforted / or obeyed” ✧ NM/239; NM/239
- Q. arta “etcetera” ✧ PE17/071
- Q. ar wingildi wilwarindië “*and the foam-like butterflies” ✧ PE16/096
- Q. cemendë tambe Erumandë “on Earth as [it is] in Heaven” ✧ VT43/17
- Q. cuita’r parë “live and learn” ✧ PE22/154
- Q. Elainen tárin Periandion ar meldenya anyáran “*to Elaine, queen of Hobbits and my very old friend” ✧ VT49/40
- Q. Eldarinwë Leperi ar Notessi “Elvish Fingers and Numerals” ✧ VT47/04
- Q. Nasser ar Cenime Cantar Valaron ar Maiaron “The Natures and Visible Shapes of the Valar and Maiar” ✧ PE17/175; PE17/175
- Q. savin Elessar ar i nánë aran Ondórëo “I believe that E[lessar] really existed and that he was a King of Gondor” ✧ PE22/158; VT49/27
- Q. násië “now and at the hour of our death: Amen” ✧ VT43/34; VT43/34
- Q. sínen i·anda nyarnë metta ar taina andaurenya na quanta “*with this the long tale ends and my extended long day is complete” ✧ Minor-Doc/1955-CT
- Q. sinomë maruvan ar Hildinyar tenn’ Ambar-metta “In this place will I abide, and my heirs, unto the ending of the world” ✧ LotR/0967; PE17/103; PE22/147
- Q. sustanë Manwëo súlë ten i indo Sindicollo ar he lastanë ar carnes “*the spirit of Manwe blew unto the heart of Thingol and he listened and did it” ✧ NM/239; NM/239
- Q. Valar ar Maiar fantaner nassentar fanainen ve quenderinwe coar ar larmar “Valar and Maiar cloaked their true-being in veils, like to Elvish bodies and raiment” ✧ PE17/174; PE17/175; PE17/175
- Q. ványë ar válmë “I and those with me are against it” ✧ PE22/162
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶as(a) > ar [asa] > [aza] > [ara] > [ar] ✧ PE17/041 ✶ad(a) > az > ar [ada] > [ad] > [að] > [ar] ✧ PE17/041 ✶ad > ar [ad] > [að] > [ar] ✧ PE17/041 ✶ad(a) > ar [ada] > [ad] > [að] > [ar] ✧ PE17/041 ✶as(a) > ar [asa] > [aza] > [ara] > [ar] ✧ PE17/041 ✶ad > ar [ad] > [að] > [ar] ✧ PE17/070 ✶ad(ă)/ad > ar [ad] > [að] > [ar] ✧ PE17/071 ✶ad > ađ > ař > ar [ad] > [að] > [ar] ✧ PE17/071 ✶ada > ar [ada] > [ad] > [að] > [ar] ✧ PE17/102 √ADA > ar [ad] > [að] > [ar] ✧ PE17/145 √ar- > ar [ar] ✧ SA/ar ✶as > ar [asa] > [aza] > [ara] > [ar] ✧ VT47/31 Variations
- Ar ✧ NM/239
- ara ✧ NM/240 (
ara)- a ✧ PE17/071 (a)
- as ✧ PE17/071 (as); PE17/071
- al ✧ PE17/071; PE17/175
- are ✧ VT43/31 (
are); VT43/34 (are); VT47/04
az
and
az, archaic form of the conjunction ar "and"; see ar #1.
-yë (4) conj. "and" as a suffix added to the second of a pair, as Menel Cemenyë "Heaven and Earth" (VT47:30, 31, VT49:25). Other "pairs" are mentioned as examples but not actually translated into Quenya by Tolkien: Sun and Moon (*Anar Isilyë), Land and Sea (*Nór Eäryë), fire and water (*nárë nenyë, or *úr nenyë).