Quenya 

-to

-to

-to ending for dual genitive (Plotz)

-o

of goodness

-o (1) genitive ending, as in Altariello, Oromëo, Elenna-nórëo, Rithil-Anamo, Rúmilo, Lestanórëo, neldëo, omentielvo, sindiëo, Valinórëo, veryanwesto, q.v. In words ending in -a, the genitive ending replaces this final vowel, hence atto, Ráno, Vardo, vorondo as the genitive forms of atta, Rána, Varda, voronda (q.v.) Following a noun in -, the ending can have the longer form -no, e.g. *máriéno "of goodness" (PE17:59, but contrast sindiëo "of greyness" in PE17:72). Where the word ends in -o already, the genitive is not distinct in form, e.g. ciryamo (q.v.) = "mariner" or "mariners". Pl. -ion and -ron, q.v.; dual -to (but possibly -uo in the case of nouns that have nominative dual forms in -u rather than -t). The Quenya genitive describes source, origin or former ownership rather than current ownership (which is rather covered by the possessive-adjectival case in -va). The ending -o may also take on an ablativic sense, "from", as in Oiolossëo "from (Mount) Oiolossë" (Nam), sio "hence" (VT49:18). In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the genitive ending was -n rather than -o, cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren "Annals of Valinor" becoming Yénië Valinórëo (MR:200).

Soronto

eagle

Soronto (þ?), masc. name, seems to incorporate soron "eagle"; the ending -to is rare (occurs in suhto, q.v.), here apparently used to derive a masculine name.

sor

eagle

sor, sornë noun "eagle" (LT1:266); rather soron in LotR-style Quenya

attat

2 fathers or neighbours

-t (1) dual ending, on nouns denoting a _pair of something: attat "2 fathers or neighbours" (VT48:19; see _atto), máryat "her (pair of) hands" (Nam), siryat "two rivers" (VT47:11), ciriat "2 ships" (Letters:427 read ciryat as in the Plotz Letter?), maquat "group of ten" (from maqua, meaning among other things "group of five") (VT47:7), nápat "thumb and index as a pair" (VT48:5), also compare met "us two" as the dual form of me "us" (Nam, VT47:11). Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, plus -tes as a possible short locative. It may be that these endings only apply to nouns that would have nominative dual forms in -t, and that nouns preferring the alternative dual ending -u would simply add the otherwise "singular" case endings to this vowel, e.g. *Alduo rather than ?Alduto as the genitive form of "Two Trees" (Aldu). The ending -t is also used as a verbal inflection, corresponding to pl. -r (elen atta siluvat**, "two stars shall shine", VT49:45; the verb carit** "do" would also be used with a dual subject, VT49:16; cf. also the endings listed in VT49:48, 50).

sorno

eagle

sorno (þ) noun "eagle" (archaic thorno) _(Letters:427). Also soron. Early "Qenya" has sor, sornë (LT1:266)_

sorno

noun. eagle

soron

eagle

soron (or sornë) (þ) noun "eagle", before an ending sorn- as in pl. sorni, "gen.sg....sornen"; in LotR-style Quenya this would be the dative singular instead (THOR/THORON). SD:290 has the pl.soroni "eagles", changed to sorni as in the Etymologies. Early "Qenya" has the forms sor, sornë (LT1:266)

soron

noun. eagle

The Quenya word for “eagle”, appearing in a number of compounds, derived from primitive ✶thorono and the root ᴹ√THOR(ON) “come swooping down” (PE22/159; Let/427; Ety/THOR; PE21/33). It had couple variants such as sorno (Let/427) and sorne (Ety/THOR), but consistently appeared as soron- in compounds. Its stem form isn’t entirely clear: its most common plural form was sorni (Ety/THOR; SD/290), which is the expected result from the Quenya syncope, but in one place it had the plural soroni and the presence of the variant sorne muddies the waters.

Conceptual Development: This word appeared as ᴱQ. sorne or sor (sorn-) “eagle” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s derived from the early root ᴱ√ŠORO [ÞORO] (QL/86). The form sorn- “eagle” also appeared in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa where Tolkien indicated the primitive form was sorni- (PME/86). The form ᴱQ. soron appeared in Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s as a cognate of ᴱN. thorn “eagle” (PE13/154), and Tolkien mostly stuck with that form thereafter, though he occasionally used variants like sorne and sorno as noted above.

In the Declension of Nouns from the early 1930s, Tolkien listed a large number of declined forms for ᴹQ. soron “eagle”, and those declensions used soron- (or sorun-) as their base. In The Etymologies of the 1930s, however, Tolkien gave plural sorni and genitive sornen indicating a stem form sorn-, but that document also gave sorne as an alternate form of soron “eagle”. Nevertheless, I think from the 1930s forward, it is more likely that Quenya syncope would have come into play in the declension of this word, so it would have plural sorni, dative sornen, ablative sornello, etc. The only noun case where the primitive stem would be preserved would be possessive soronwa.

Cognates

  • S. thoron “eagle” ✧ Let/427; SA/thoron; PE22/159

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
þorono > þorno > sorno[tʰorono] > [tʰorno] > [θorno] > [sorno]✧ Let/427

Variations

  • sorno ✧ Let/427
Quenya [Let/427; PE22/159; SA/thoron] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Soronúmë

eagle

Soronúmë (prob. þ) (name of a constellation, apparently incorporating soron "eagle") (SA:thoron)

ëa

eagle

ëa (3) "eagle" (LT1:251, LT2:338), a "Qenya" word apparently superseded by soron, sornë in Tolkien's later forms of Quenya.

ëaren

eagle

ëaren noun "eagle" or "eyrie" (LT1:251; this early "Qenya" word is evidently no more valid than ëa "eagle" in LotR-style Quenya.)

Sindarin 

thorn

noun. eagle

thoron

noun. eagle

Sindarin [Ety/392, S/438, X/Z] Back-formed from the plural, see thôr. Group: SINDICT. Published by

thoron

noun. eagle

The Sindarin word for “eagle”, derived from ✶thorono (Let/427).

Possible Etymology: The form of this word is difficult to explain. Since final nasals vanished after vowels, in the ordinary phonetic development of Sindarin it should have become thôr, a form that did appear as variant in the Etymologies (Ety/THOR, KIRIS). Tolkien himself suggested that the (Noldorin) word was a back-formation from the archaic genitive ON. thoronen (Ety/THOR). While this specific genitive form did not survive in (Old) Sindarin, there are plenty of other mechanisms that might result in such a back-formation in Sindarin. For example, David Salo suggested that it could be a back-formation from its plural ✱theryn (GS/291), perhaps also influenced by ancient names where it still appeared, such as Thorondor “King of Eagles”.

Conceptual Development: In the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s this word appeared as G. thorn (GL/73), which was also the usual form in names of this period. In Early Noldorin Word-lists of the 1920s it reappeared as ᴱN. thorn (PE13/154), but in The Etymologies of the 1930s it appeared as N. thoron beside the variant thôr as noted above (Ety/THOR, KIRIS). The names of this period also began to reflect this change, and names after the 1940s consistently show thoron, though the form þorn did appear at least once in later notes (PE22/159).

Cognates

  • Q. soron “eagle” ✧ Let/427; SA/thoron; PE22/159

Derivations

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
þorono > Thoron[tʰorono] > [θorono] > [θoron]✧ Let/427

Variations

  • Thoron ✧ Let/427
  • þorn ✧ PE22/159
Sindarin [Let/427; PE22/159; SA/thoron] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thôr

noun. eagle

Sindarin [Belecthor S/322,365, LotR/A(ii), Ety/392] Group: SINDICT. Published by

thoronath

noun. eagles

Sindarin [S/387, S/438] Group: SINDICT. Published by

thoron

eagle

thoron, pl. theryn, coll. pl. thoronath. The sg. may also appear as thôr (with stem thoron-); thôr is also an adjective ”swooping, leaping down”. In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was therein (LR:392 s.v. THOR).

thoron

eagle

pl. theryn, coll. pl. thoronath. The sg. may also appear as thôr (with stem thoron-); thôr is also an adjective ”swooping, leaping down”. In ”Noldorin”, the pl. was therein (LR:392 s.v. THOR).

roval

great wing

(pinion, wing), pl. rovail (idh rovail). – Suggested Sindarin form of ”Noldorin” *rhoval* pl. *rhovel*.

Adûnaic

narak

noun. eagle

A noun attested only in the plural subjective form Narīka “eagles” (SD/251). This formation is peculiar, because it seems to be a neuter subjective form, but the names of animals are generally common-nouns, as pointed out by Andreas Moehn (EotAL/NAR’K). If it were declined as a common noun, the subjective plural should be ✱narkim: compare Nimir “Elf” whose subjective plural form is nimrim (SD/436). Perhaps when Narīka was written, Tolkien had not finished working out the Adûnaic gender and case system.

Element in

Primitive elvish

thorono

noun. eagle

Derivations

Derivatives

  • Q. soron “eagle” ✧ Let/427
  • S. thoron “eagle” ✧ Let/427

Element in

  • S. Arathorn “Steadfast King” ✧ Let/427

Variations

  • þorono ✧ Let/427
Primitive elvish [Let/427] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

thoron

noun. eagle

Noldorin [Ety/392, S/438, X/Z] Back-formed from the plural, see thôr. Group: SINDICT. Published by

thoron

noun. eagle

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. soron “eagle” ✧ Ety/THOR; Ety/THOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√THOR(ON) “come swooping down” ✧ Ety/THOR
  • On. thoron “eagle” ✧ Ety/THOR
    • ᴹ√THOR(ON) “come swooping down” ✧ Ety/THOR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√THÓRON > thôr[tʰoron] > [θoron] > [θoro] > [θor] > [θōr]✧ Ety/THOR
ᴹ√THÓRON > therein[tʰoroni] > [θoroni] > [θœrœni] > [θœrœin] > [θerein]✧ Ety/THOR

Variations

  • thôr ✧ Ety/KIRIS; Ety/THOR
Noldorin [Ety/KIRIS; Ety/THOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

thôr

noun. eagle

Noldorin [Belecthor S/322,365, LotR/A(ii), Ety/392] Group: SINDICT. Published by

thôr

noun. eagle


Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

sorne

noun. eagle

soron

noun. eagle

Cognates

  • N. thoron “eagle” ✧ Ety/THOR; Ety/THOR
  • Ilk. thorn “eagle” ✧ Ety/THOR
  • On. thoron “eagle” ✧ Ety/THOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√THOR(ON) “come swooping down” ✧ Ety/THOR

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√THÓRON > sorne[tʰorone] > [tʰorne] > [θorne] > [sorne]✧ Ety/THOR

Variations

  • sorne ✧ Ety/THOR
Qenya [Ety/THOR; PE21/33; PE21/34; SD/290] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Doriathrin

thorn

noun. eagle

A noun for “eagle” derived from the root ᴹ√THÓRON (Ety/THOR). Its cognates ᴹQ. soron and N. thoron suggest a primitive form ✱✶thoronē, where the middle [o] was lost due to the Ilkorin syncope. Its plural form is not thurin as printed in The Lost Road, but is actually thurnin matching its singular (EtyAC/THOR), as predicted by Helge Fauskanger (AL-Ilkorin/thorn).

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. soron “eagle” ✧ Ety/THOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√THOR(ON) “come swooping down” ✧ Ety/THOR

Element in

  • Ilk. Thorntor “King of Eagles” ✧ Ety/THOR
  • Ilk. Torthurnion “King of Eagles” ✧ Ety/THOR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√THÓRON > thorn[tʰoronē] > [tʰorone] > [tʰorne] > [θorne] > [θorn] > [θorn]✧ Ety/THOR

Variations

  • thurin ✧ EtyAC/THOR
Doriathrin [Ety/THOR; EtyAC/THOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Old Noldorin 

thoron

noun. eagle

Cognates

  • ᴹQ. soron “eagle” ✧ Ety/THOR

Derivations

  • ᴹ√THOR(ON) “come swooping down” ✧ Ety/THOR

Derivatives

  • N. thoron “eagle” ✧ Ety/THOR

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√THÓRON > thoronen[tʰoron] > [θoron]✧ Ety/THOR
Old Noldorin [Ety/THOR] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

thorn

noun. eagle

Cognates

  • Eq. sor(ne) “eagle” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ÞORO “eagle” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur

Element in

  • G. Cristhorn “Eagles’ Cleft” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; LT1A/Sorontur
  • G. Thornhoth “People of the Eagles” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur
  • G. Thorn Sir “Eagle-stream” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur
  • G. inthorn “eagle’s nest, eyrie”
  • G. Thorndor “King of Eagles” ✧ GL/73; LT1A/Sorontur
Gnomish [GL/73; LT1A/Sorontur] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ior

noun. eagle

An archaic word for “eagle” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, related to ᴱQ. ea(r) of the same meaning (GL/51), though the exact correspondence (and sound changes) are not clear.

Cognates

  • Eq. ea(r) “(young) eagle” ✧ GL/51

Element in

  • G. Ioringli “Earendel” ✧ LT1A/Eärendel
  • G. ioroth “eagle” ✧ GL/51
Gnomish [GL/51; LT1A/Eärendel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ioroth

noun. eagle

A word for “eagle” in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s, an elaboration of archaic G. †ior “eagle” of the same meaning (GL/51).

Cognates

  • Eq. earen “eyrie, (young) eagle” ✧ GL/51

Element in

  • G. Iorothram “Eaglepinion” ✧ GL/51; LT1A/Eärendel
Gnomish [GL/51; LT1A/Eärendel] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Noldorin

thorn

noun. eagle

Cognates

  • Eq. soron “eagle” ✧ PE13/154

Element in

  • En. Thornsir “Stream of Eagles”
  • En. Thorndor “King of Eagles” ✧ PE13/154
Early Noldorin [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Primitive Elvish

þoro Reconstructed

root. eagle

Derivatives

  • Eq. sor(ne) “eagle” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086
  • Eq. soron “pinnacle, high peak, crag” ✧ QL/086
  • G. thorn “eagle” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur
  • G. thrond “(eyrie), pinnacle” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur

Variations

  • SORO ✧ LT1A/Sorontur
  • ŠORO² ✧ QL/086
Early Primitive Elvish [LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

soron

noun. eagle

Cognates

  • En. thorn “eagle” ✧ PE13/154

Variations

  • soron ✧ PE13/154
Early Quenya [PE13/154] Group: Eldamo. Published by

sor(ne)

noun. eagle

Cognates

  • G. thorn “eagle” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur

Derivations

  • ᴱ√ÞORO “eagle” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086

Element in

  • Eq. Sornekiris “Eagles’ Cleft” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur
  • Eq. sornion “eyrie” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086
  • Eq. Sorontur “King of Eagles” ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√ŠORO² > sorne[θorni] > [θorne] > [sorne]✧ QL/086

Variations

  • sor ✧ LT1A/Sorontur; QL/086
  • sornë ✧ LT1A/Sorontur
  • sorne ✧ QL/086
Early Quenya [LT1A/Sorontur; PME/086; QL/086] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-to

suffix. reflexive suffix

-ko

suffix. reflexive suffix

Derivations

  • ᴱ√KOHO “undergo, endure” ✧ QL/047

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√KOHO > -ko[-ko]✧ QL/047

Variations

  • -to ✧ QL/047
Early Quenya [QL/047] Group: Eldamo. Published by