-(u)va

suffix. future suffix

Derivations

• ᴹ✶-bā ✧ PE22/097
  • ᴹ√BA(N) “go, proceed” ✧ PE22/097
• ᴹ√UB “ponder, have in mind” ✧ VT48/32

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
ᴹ✶-bā > -vā̆-	[-bā] > [-βā] > [-βa] > [-va]	✧ PE22/097
ᴹ√UB > -uva	[-uba] > [-uβa] > [-uva]	✧ VT48/32

Variations

• -vā̆- ✧ PE22/097
• uvā ✧ PE22/097
• -uva ✧ VT48/32

-thā

suffix. future suffix

Derivations

• ᴹ✶thā “then, next” ✧ PE22/097
  • ᴹ√THA “forward” ✧ PE22/097

-ró

suffix. future suffix

Variations

• -rō ✧ PE22/097; PE22/114 (-rō)

-tha

suffix. noun or adjective suffix

Element in

• G. cantha “flame” ✧ GL/25
• G. celeptha “silvern” ✧ GL/25
• G. cuctha “consideration” ✧ GL/27
• G. dultha “supper, dinner” ✧ GL/31
• G. eltha “or, otherwise” ✧ GL/32
• G. entha “there by you, thither” ✧ GL/32
• G. feltha “similar, like” ✧ GL/34
• G. fintha “thine” ✧ GL/35 (fintha)
• G. caltha “plant, herb” ✧ GL/25
• G. gwaltha “fortunate, happy” ✧ GL/44
• G. gwectha- “to impregnate, generate” ✧ GL/44

Variations

• -tha ✧ GL/25 (-tha); GL/25 (-tha); GL/25 (-tha); GL/27 (-tha); GL/31 (-tha); GL/32 (-tha); GL/32 (-tha); GL/34 (-tha); GL/35 (-tha); GL/44 (-tha); GL/44 (-tha)

-tha

suffix. verb suffix

Element in

• G. baptha- “to feed; to take sup of” ✧ GL/21
• G. belectha- “to extol, magnify” ✧ GL/22
• G. beltha- “to open out (transitive), expand, unroll, set sail” ✧ GL/22
• G. bentha- “to cut, fashion, shape” ✧ GL/22
• G. felectha- “to make equal, equalize” ✧ GL/34
• G. feltha- “to resemble, seem like; to seem likely, be probable” ✧ GL/34
• G. bractha- “to refresh; to revive, arouse, awaken” ✧ GL/23
• G. braitha- “to wrap, swathe” ✧ GL/23
• G. brantha- “to scorch” ✧ GL/24
• G. caitha- “to make to do or be, cause, compel, induce, bring about” ✧ GL/24
• G. cailtha- “to kiss” ✧ GL/24
• G. caltha- “to wax, grow, flourish” ✧ GL/25
• G. cartha- “to finish, make” ✧ GL/25
• G. cautha- “to taste (of the taster or person); to get flavour of, perceive, notice” ✧ GL/24
• G. cectha- “to spout out” ✧ GL/24
• G. dantha- “to illuminate, light up, illustrate” ✧ GL/29
• G. curtha- “to curdle, to make cheese (tr.)” ✧ GL/28
• G. captha- “to startle” ✧ GL/24
• G. crista- “to slash, cut, slice” ✧ GL/27
• G. croctha- “to catch, snare, trap” ✧ GL/27
• G. cuitha- “to live, be alive” ✧ GL/27
• G. cwiptha- “to arouse (tr.)” ✧ GL/28
• G. daltha- “to erect, set up” ✧ GL/29
• G. dortha- “to settle” ✧ GL/30
• G. drintha- “to turn (tr.), twist” ✧ GL/30
• G. dultha- “to dine” ✧ GL/31
• G. eltha- “to alter, change” ✧ GL/32
• G. entha- “to name, call, indicate, point out” ✧ GL/32
• G. er(e)tha- “to isolate, rob, deprive” ✧ GL/33
• G. failtha- “go pale” ✧ GL/33
• G. faltha- “to strip, despoil, rob, make bare” ✧ GL/33
• G. fartha- “to divide (tr.)” ✧ GL/34
• G. fectha- “to destroy, ruin, spoil” ✧ GL/34
• G. flantha- “to scorn, utterly despise” ✧ GL/35
• G. foltha- “to emit smoke, smoulder, reek” ✧ GL/36
• G. fôtha- “to snow” ✧ GL/35
• G. fuctha- “to smoke (over a wood fire)” ✧ GL/36
• G. fuitha- “to hide (tr.)” ✧ GL/36
• G. fuitha- “to fall (of night); to grow dark” ✧ GL/36
• G. galtha- “to kindle” ✧ GL/37
• G. gentha- “to grip, seize, lay hold of” ✧ GL/38
• G. glantha- “to cleanse, purify, purge” ✧ GL/39
• G. glarosta- “to dazzle” ✧ GL/39
• G. gwaltha- “bless, send good luck to” ✧ GL/44
• G. gweltha- “to squeeze, press” ✧ GL/45
• G. gwailtha- “to air; expose to air” ✧ GL/45
• G. biltha- “to flutter, flit” ✧ GL/23
• G. gwintha- “to face” ✧ GL/46
• G. hantha- “to fling, hurl, aim at, direct”
• G. heltha- “to freeze, congeal (tr.)” ✧ GL/48
• G. hautha- “to lay, stretch out, lay flat on ground” ✧ GL/48
• G. cactha- “to deride, mock, make fun of, laugh at” ✧ GL/24
• G. fairtha- “to set free, release” ✧ GL/33
• G. gwesta- “to entertain” ✧ GL/47
• G. gwiltha- “to cease, leave off” ✧ GL/45
• G. crectha- “to spit” ✧ GL/27
• G. dairtha- “to play, amuse” ✧ GL/29
• G. cautha- “to shave” ✧ GL/24 (cautha-)

Variations

• -tha ✧ GL/21 (-tha); GL/22 (-tha); GL/22 (-tha); GL/22 (-tha); GL/23 (-tha); GL/23 (-tha); GL/23 (-tha); GL/24 (-tha); GL/24 (-tha); GL/24 (-tha); GL/24 (-tha); GL/24 (-tha); GL/24 (-tha); GL/24 (-tha); GL/24 (-tha); GL/25 (-tha); GL/25 (-tha); GL/27 (-tha); GL/27 (-tha); GL/27 (-tha); GL/28 (-tha); GL/28 (-tha); GL/29 (-tha); GL/29 (-tha); GL/29 (-tha); GL/30 (-tha); GL/30 (-tha); GL/31 (-tha); GL/32 (-tha); GL/32 (-tha); GL/33 (-tha); GL/33 (-tha); GL/33 (-tha); GL/33 (-tha); GL/34 (-tha); GL/34 (-tha); GL/34 (-tha); GL/34 (-tha); GL/35 (-tha); GL/35 (-tha); GL/36 (-tha); GL/36 (-tha); GL/36 (-tha); GL/36 (-tha); GL/37 (-tha); GL/38 (-tha); GL/39 (-tha); GL/44 (-tha); GL/45 (-tha); GL/45 (-tha); GL/45 (-tha); GL/46 (-tha); GL/48 (-tha); GL/48 (-tha)
• -sta ✧ GL/27 (-sta); GL/39 (-sta); GL/47 (-sta)

-sta

suffix. verb suffix

-ra

suffix. verb suffix

Element in

• G. amra- “to go up and down, live in the mountains, wander” ✧ GL/19
• G. felegra- “to equal” ✧ GL/34
• G. bodra- “to hinder, delay, tarry” ✧ GL/23
• G. cingra- “to plait” ✧ GL/26
• G. cwathra- “to shake (intr.)” ✧ GL/28
• G. cwibra- “to arouse (tr.)” ✧ GL/28
• G. hadra- “to face, oppose, stand in way; to resist, thwart” ✧ GL/47
• G. cwivra- “to awaken (intr.)” ✧ GL/29
• G. ecthadra- “to slay, put to the sword” ✧ GL/31
• G. fadra- “to sate, weary, ‘feed up’” ✧ GL/33
• G. fedhra- “to unite in a band”
• G. fodra- “to bring to an end, end, finish; to come to an end, end, finish” ✧ GL/35
• G. gimra- “to hearken to, listen to” ✧ GL/38
• G. glamra- “to abominate, loath, detest” ✧ GL/39
• G. giothra- “to germinate, be conceived” ✧ GL/39
• G. gaibra- “to impregnate” ✧ GL/37
• G. hamra- “to abase, abash; to humble oneself” ✧ GL/48
• G. dauth(r)a- “to strip, flay” ✧ GL/29
• G. fwegra- “to sweep” ✧ GL/36
• G. cavra- “to stoop, cower” ✧ GL/25

Variations

• -ra ✧ GL/19 (-ra); GL/23 (-ra); GL/25 (-ra); GL/26 (-ra); GL/28 (-ra); GL/28 (-ra); GL/29 (-ra); GL/29 (-ra); GL/31 (-ra); GL/33 (-ra); GL/34 (-ra); GL/35 (-ra); GL/36 (-ra); GL/37 (-ra); GL/38 (-ra); GL/39 (-ra); GL/39 (-ra); GL/47 (-ra); GL/48 (-ra)

-c

suffix. noun or adjective suffix

Element in

• G. balc “cruel, evil” ✧ GL/21
• G. brinc “clear, transparent” ✧ GL/24

-tha

suffix. causative suffix