-o (1) genitive ending, as in Altariello, Oromëo, Elenna-nórëo, Rithil-Anamo, Rúmilo, Lestanórëo, neldëo, omentielvo, sindiëo, Valinórëo, veryanwesto, q.v. In words ending in -a, the genitive ending replaces this final vowel, hence atto, Ráno, Vardo, vorondo as the genitive forms of atta, Rána, Varda, voronda (q.v.) Following a noun in -ië, the ending can have the longer form -no, e.g. *máriéno "of goodness" (PE17:59, but contrast sindiëo "of greyness" in PE17:72). Where the word ends in -o already, the genitive is not distinct in form, e.g. ciryamo (q.v.) = "mariner" or "mariners". Pl. -ion and -ron, q.v.; dual -to (but possibly -uo in the case of nouns that have nominative dual forms in -u rather than -t). The Quenya genitive describes source, origin or former ownership rather than current ownership (which is rather covered by the possessive-adjectival case in -va). The ending -o may also take on an ablativic sense, "from", as in Oiolossëo "from (Mount) Oiolossë" (Nam), sio "hence" (VT49:18). In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the genitive ending was -n rather than -o, cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren "Annals of Valinor" becoming Yénië Valinórëo (MR:200).
Quenya
-on
name
-o
of goodness
-r(o)
suffix. agental suffix
Derivations
- ✶-ro “an old agental formation” ✧ WJ/371
Element in
- Q. Haimenar “*Far-farer”
- Q. Avar “Refuser, Elf who did not journey to Aman” ✧ WJ/371
- Q. Calantar “Light-giver”
- ᴺQ. cuitar “alarm, device to waken somebody”
- Q. Envinyatar “Renewer”
- ᴺQ. hatar “thrower (of spears and darts)”
- Q. Istar “Wizard, (lit.) One Who Knows”
- Q. maitar “artist; poet”
- ᴺQ. mancaro “tradesman, trader, merchant”
- Q. nostar “parent, begetter, *ancestor; parent, begetter”
- Q. ohtar “warrior”
- Q. quentaro “speaker, reciter, speaker, reciter; [ᴹQ.] narrator, minstrel” ✧ PE18/100
- Q. sanar “mind, thinker, reflector” ✧ VT41/13
- ᴺQ. tanar “indicator, [linguistics] demonstrative”
- Q. Telcontar “Strider”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-rŏ > -r [-ro] > [-r] ✧ WJ/371 Variations
- -ro ✧ PE18/100 (-ro)
- -r ✧ VT41/13 (-r); WJ/371 (-r)
-mo
suffix. agental suffix
Element in
- ᴺQ. aimo “saint”
- ᴺQ. airimo “priest”
- ᴺQ. alamo “cultivator, grower”
- ᴺQ. alumo “leather-worker”
- ᴺQ. astamo “member”
- Q. astarmo “bystander; witness”
- Q. ciryamo “mariner”
- ᴺQ. cordamo “cleric”
- Q. Curumo “*Skilled-one”
- Q. enelmo “go-between, intervener, intermediary, mediator”
- ᴺQ. epeharmo “president”
- Q. Estelmo “*Hope-person”
- Q. Herucalmo
- ᴺQ. hyólamo “trumpeter”
- Q. ingolmo “loremaster, wizard, one with very great knowledge, loremaster, wizard, one with very great knowledge, *scientist”
- Q. Írimon
- Q. Irmo “Desirer”
- Q. Isilmo
- ᴺQ. lingwimo “fisherman”
- Q. Maitimo “Well-shaped One”
- Q. námo “person, somebody (unnamed)”
- Q. Nólimon “*Learned One”
- Q. nolmo “wise person”
- ᴺQ. ongwemo “criminal, transgressor”
- Q. onótimo “*reckoner” ✧ MR/049
- Q. ormo “riser”
- ᴺQ. ostomo “citizen”
- ᴺQ. parmo “student, (lit.) learner”
- ᴺQ. nólemo “student”
- ᴺQ. quernamo “proselyte, convert”
- Q. Súlimo “Lord of the Breath of Arda, (lit.) Breather”
- Q. tirmo “watcher”
- ᴺQ. tungwemo “tax-collector”
- Q. Ulmo “Pourer”
- Q. vinimo “baby, little-one”
- Q. vinyamo “youngster”
- ᴺQ. yulmo “drinker”
Elements
Word Gloss mo “one, anyone, someone, somebody”
esse
noun. name
essë
name
essë (1) noun "name", also later name of Tengwa #31, originally (MET) called árë (ázë). (Appendix E). With a pronominal ending esselya "thy name" (VT43:14). Pl. #essi in PM:339 and MR:470, gen.pl. #esseron "of names" in the compound Nómesseron (q.v.); we would rather have expected *ession, given the nom.pl. essi; perhaps #esser is a valid alternative plural form. Essecarmë noun "name-making" (MR:214, 470), Eldarin ceremony where the father announces the name of his child. Essecenta *("k") noun "Name-essay" (see centa) (MR:415); Essecilmë noun "name-choosing", an Eldarin ceremony where a child named him- or herself according to personal lámatyávë (q.v.) (MR:214, 471). The meaning Tolkien originally assigned to the word essë** in the Etymologies was "place" rather than "name" (VT45:12).
essë
noun. name
Cognates
- ᴺS. ess “name”
Derivations
- ᴹ√ES “indicate, name”
Element in
- Q. amilessë “mother-name”
- Q. anessë “given (or added) name, nickname, surname” ✧ MR/216
- Q. cilmessë “self-name”
- Q. epessë “after-name”
- Q. Essecarmë “Name-making” ✧ MR/470
- Q. Essecenta Eldarinwa “Enquiry (into the origins) of the Elvish names” ✧ WJ/359
- Q. Essecilmë “Name-choosing” ✧ MR/470
- Q. na airë esselya “hallowed be thy name” ✧ VT43/14
- Q. nómessë “place-name” ✧ VT42/17
- Q. notessë “numeral”
- ᴺQ. tengessë “address, (lit.) indication-name”
Variations
- esse ✧ LotR/1123
- essë ✧ MR/470
- Esse ✧ WJ/359
esta-
verb. name
sanda
name
[sanda, sandë] (þ) (2) noun "name" (VT46:16)
sanya
name
[sanya] (þ) (2) noun ?"name" (reading of gloss uncertain, VT46:16)
-on gen.pl. ending (3O), in aldaron, aranion, elenion, Eldaron, #esseron, Ingweron, Istarion, Númevalion, Quendion, Silmarillion, Sindaron, tasarion (see Nan-Tasarion), Valion, wenderon, yénion. Normally the ending -on is added to the nominative plural, whether it ends in -i or -r, but some nouns in -ë that would have nominative plurals in -i seem to prefer the ending -ron in the genitive (hence #esseron as the gen. pl. of essë "name", though the nominative pl. is attested as essi and we might have expected the gen. pl. *ession; similarly wenderon, Ingweron).