-on

ending referring to persons or animals

pl1. -yn suff. masc. ending referring to persons or animals. -or after n. >> -eth, -or

-on

a suffix which appeared in various later-formed names of regions

_ suff. _a suffix which appeared in various later-formed names of regions. >> -ion, Nanduhirion

-on

suffix. used in patronymics

_ masc. suff. _used in patronymics. >> -en, -ion, -ien

-on

suffix. masculine suffix

A masculine suffix and ending in male names (PE17/43, 141; WJ/400), probably related to the masculine ending or agental suffix ✶-on(do) (NM/353; Ety/KAL). It becomes -or when following an n (PE17/141).

Conceptual Development: N. -on was often use as a male suffix in the Noldorin of the 1930s and 40s. In Gnomish of the 1910s, it seems G. -os was another common male suffix in words such as G. ainos “(male) god” from neuter G. ain “god” (GL/18) and G. hethos “brother” from neuter G. heth “✱sibling” (GL/48-49), though masculine G. -(r)on was still more common in this early period.

Cognates

• Q. -ndo “masculine agent”

Derivations

• ✶-on(do) “masculine ending”

Element in

• S. aphadon “follower”
• S. Astoron
• ᴺS. cirion “sailor, shipman”
• S. Daeron
• S. Ecthelion “?One with Sharp Will”
• S. Erchamion “One-handed”
• S. Firion “(Male) Mortal” ✧ WJ/387
• S. Galadhon
• S. Saelon
• S. tauron “forester”
• S. thalion “strong, dauntless, strong, dauntless; [N.] hero, dauntless man; [ᴱN.] warrior”
• S. Thennor “*Grey-Elf (m.)” ✧ PE17/141; PE17/141
• S. Yssion “Ossë” ✧ WJ/400

Variations

• -on ✧ PE17/141; WJ/387; WJ/400
• -or ✧ PE17/141

-on

suffix. augmentative suffix

@@@ most clear in gaearon

Element in

• S. Ardhon “The World”
• S. gaearon “ocean, (lit.) great sea”
• S. gardhon “province”
• S. Rodon “Vala”
• ᴺS. saegon “famine, (great) hunger”
• ᴺS. ylvon “chalice”

Variations

• -on ✧ PE17/043

-ion

suffix. -son

The usual Sindarin patronymic suffix, meaning “son of” (PE17/170; Ety/YŌ), a suffixal form of ion(n) “son”. It was occasionally used for “descendants”, especially as a class plural, as in Hurinionath “Descendants of Húrin” (PM/202).

Conceptual Development: In Gnomish, the prefix G. go- or gon- (suffixal -iod, -ion, -ios) was initially used with the meaning “son of” as in Gon Indor “✱Son of Indor” (LT2/217), but in the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s the prefix was revised to G. bo- or bon-, as in Tuor bo-Beleg, along with suffixal -von or -mon (GL/23, 40-41). Tolkien reintroduced suffixal N. -ion “son” in The Etymologies of the 1930s under the root ᴹ√YO(N) “son” (Ety/YŌ), and seems to have stuck with it thereafter.

Cognates

• Q. -ion “-son, masculine patronymic” ✧ PE17/170

Derivations

• ✶-(i)ondo ✧ PE17/170
  • √YON “son”

Element in

• S. Erchirion
• S. Ereinion “Scion of Kings”
• S. Galathilion “White Tree”
• S. Hurinionath “Descendants of Húrin”
• S. Inglorion “*Son of Inglor”
• ᴺS. sion “grandson”

Elements

Word	Gloss
ion(n)	“son, son, *boy”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶-(i)ŏn/-(ĭ)ondo > -(i)on	[-iondō] > [-iondo] > [-iond] > [-ionn] > [-ion]	✧ PE17/170

Variations

• -(i)on ✧ PE17/170

-(r)on

suffix. agental suffix

Element in

• ᴺS. aeron “saint”
• ᴺS. caron “actor, agent, doer, maker”
• ᴺS. eithron “*spearman, [ᴱN.] warrior”
• S. Girithron “December, *Shuddering-one”
• S. Gwaeron “March, *Windy-one”
• S. Lothron “May, *Flower-ness”
• ᴺS. mavron “shepherd, herdsman”
• S. ogron “wicked or evil person” ✧ PE17/170

Variations

• -ron ✧ PE17/170

-or

suffix. agental suffix

Element in

• S. magor “swordsman” ✧ LotR/0081

-os

suffix. augmentative suffix

-oth

suffix. augmentative suffix

Element in

• S. Carcharoth “Red Maw, ?(lit.) Great Red Fang”
• S. daedelos “horrible fear” ✧ PE17/151
• S. deloth “abhorrence, abhorrence, [N.] detestation, loathing”
• S. faloth “large foamy wave”
• ᴺS. gonnos “great rock”
• S. goroth “horror, dread”
• S. Lammoth “Great Echo” ✧ S/106
• S. Nogoth “[Greater] Dwarf” ✧ PE17/045

Variations

• os ✧ PE17/151

-a

suffix. [old] genitive suffix

Derivations

• ✶-āga “genitive” ✧ NM/355; NM/355
• ✶-ō “genitive” ✧ PE17/097; PE17/097
  • √HO “from, coming from”

Element in

• S. Bar Bëora “House of Bëor”
• S. Nauglamír “Necklace of the Dwarves”

Phonetic Developments

Development	Stages	Sources
✶ō > ia > -a	[-ō] > [-a]	✧ PE17/097
✶iōm > ion	[-iōm] > [-ion]	✧ PE17/097

Variations

• a ✧ NM/355 (Os. a)

-i

suffix. adjectival suffix

Derivations

• ✶-ya “adjectival suffix” ✧ VT42/10

Element in

• S. serni “shingle, pebble bank” ✧ VT42/10

esta-

verb. to name

-eth

ending referring to persons or animals

pl1. -ith suff. fem. ending referring to persons or animals. -es after dh [=ð], th. >> -es, -on

eneth

noun. name

#dae

great

#dae (lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

beleg

adjective. great, mighty

beleg

great

beleg (mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

beleg

great

(mighty), lenited veleg, pl. belig

dae

great

(lenited nae, no distinct pl. form). Isolated from daedhelos "great fear". Note: Homophones mean "shadow, shade" and also "very, exceedingly".

daer

adjective. great

daer

great

daer (large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

daer

great

(large), lenited dhaer, no distinct pl. form. Note: a homophone means "bridegroom", but has a different lenited form.

eneth

name

(noun) eneth (pl. enith)

eneth

name

(pl. enith)

ess

noun. name

Cognates

• Q. essë “name”

esta

name

(verb.) esta- (call) (i esta, in estar)

esta

name

(call) (i esta, in estar)