Quenya 

-llo

ablative adverbial suffix

-llo (1) "ablative adverbial suffix" (PE17:72) implying "from" or "out of", as in sindanóriello "out of a grey land", Rómello "from the East" (Nam), Mardello "from Earth" (FS), ulcullo "from evil" (VT43:12), sillumello "from this hour" (VT44:35), yello "from whom" (VT47:21), Manwello *"from Manwë" (VT49:24), Melcorello / Melkorello "from Melkor" (VT49:7, 24). Pl. -llon (so in Plotz) or -llor (in illon, elenillor, raxellor, elendellor, q.v.); dual -lto (Plotz). A shorter form of the ablative ending, -lo, apparently occurs in the words silo "hence" and talo "from there", q.v. In the Etymologies, Tolkien cited the Quenya ablative ending as -ello, evidently including the connecting vowel -e- that may be inserted when the ending is added to a word ending in a consonant (VT45:28), compare Melcorello. See also , lo #2.

from

, lo (2) prep. "from", also used = "by" introducing the agent after a passive construction: nahtana ló Turin *"slain by Túrin" (VT49:24). A similar and possibly identical form is mentioned in the Etymologies as being somehow related to the ablative ending -llo, but is not there clearly defined (VT45:28). At one point, Tolkien suggested that lo rather than the ending -llo was used with proper names (lo Manwë rather than Manwello for "from Manwë"), but this seems to have been a short-lived idea (VT49:24).

hlöa

noun. flood, fenland

A Quenya cognate of S. lhô appearing in The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s, rejected when Tolkien revised the primitive form {✶sloga >>} ✶loga and the Sindarin form {lhô >>} (VT42/9-10). I personally prefer the earlier form S. lhô which Tolkien used prior to 1968, and as such I think ᴺQ. hlöa “flood, fenland” is salvagable for purposes of Neo-Eldarin, as a derivative of an s-prefixed variant of √LOG. See the entry on S. l(h)ô for further discussion.

Cognates

  • S. l(h)ô “flood, fenland, flood, fenland; [G.] pool, lake” ✧ VT42/09

Derivations

  • (s)loga “fenland” ✧ VT42/09
    • LOG “wet (and soft), soaked, swampy” ✧ UT/263; VT42/09; VT42/10

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
sloga > hloä[sloga] > [l̥oga] > [l̥oɣa] > [l̥oa]✧ VT42/09

Variations

  • hloä ✧ VT42/09 (hloä)

silo

hence

silo adv. "hence" (from here), also sio (VT49:18). The words seem to incorporate -lo, a shorter version of the ablative ending -llo, and -o, the genitive ending that may also be used in an ablativic sense. Compare talo, "thence".

silo

adverb. hence

Variations

  • sio ✧ VT49/18

talo

thence

talo adv. "thence". Also . Basically these are simple ablative/genitive forms of ta (#1) "that"; compare silo, sio. (VT49:11)

talo

adverb. thence

Element in

  • Q. náto “it is that; *yes (emphatic)” ✧ VT49/29
  • Q. uito “it is not that” ✧ VT49/29

Variations

  • ✧ VT49/11; VT49/29
  • tălo ✧ VT49/11
Quenya [VT49/11; VT49/29] Group: Eldamo. Published by

luimë

flood

luimë noun "flood" (VT48:23, 30; the additional glosses "floodwater, flooded land" were struck out, VT48:30), "flood, high tide" (VT48:24, 30). According to VT48:30, partially illegible glosses in Tolkien's manuscript may also suggest that luimë can be used for any tide, or for the spring tide (the maximum tide just after a new or full moon).

lúto

flood

lúto noun "flood" (LT1:249)

o

preposition. from

Derivations

  • ăwă “from” ✧ PE17/148
    • WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/148
  • “from, coming from, as described by a genitive” ✧ PE22/168
    • HO “from, coming from” ✧ WJ/361

Variations

  • ō ✧ PE22/168
Quenya [PE17/148; PE22/168] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ulundë

flood

ulundë noun "flood" (ULU), possibly in the sense of (great) river.% Cf. nuinë, oloirë.

ho

from

ho prep. "from" (3O); cf. -

-va

from

-va possessive ending, presumably related to the preposition va "from". In Eldaliéva, Ingoldova, miruvóreva, Oroméva, rómeva, Valinóreva (q.v. for references), Follondiéva, Hyallondiéva (see under turmen for references). Following a consonant, the ending instead appears as -wa (andamacilwa "of the long sword", PE17:147, rómenwa *"of the East", PE17:59). Pl. - when governing a plural word (from archaic -vai) (WJ:407), but it seems that -va was used throughout in late Exilic Quenya (cf. miruvóreva governing the plural word yuldar in Namárië). Pl. -iva (-ivë*), dual -twa, partitive pl. -líva**.

sio

hence

sio adv. "hence" (from here), also silo (VT49:18)

sio

adverb. hence

thence

2) adv. "thence" (for *tao, the pronoun ta "that, it" with the genitive ending -o, here used in an ablativic sense). Also talo, with -lo as a short form of the ablative ending -llo. (VT49:29, 11)

adverb. thence

va

from

va prep. "from" (VT43:20; prefixed in the form var- in var-úra "from evil", VT43:24). In VT49:24, va, au and o are quoted as variants of the stem awa "away from".

hlöa

noun. flood, fenland

Sindarin 

-lo

suff. Q. .

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:137] < LOW. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

-lo

-lo

suff.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:137] < _law_ < _lawa _ < LOWO. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

flood

n. flood.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:96] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

noun. flood, fenland

(h)law

noun. flood

hlô

noun. flood

n. flood.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:96] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

o

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

Sindarin [Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-3] Group: SINDICT. Published by

o

preposition. from

_ prep. _from, of. In older S. o had the form od before vowels. o menel aglar elenath ! lit. 'from Firmament glory of the stars !'.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:20-1:42:54] < _au(t) _< stem_ awa_. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

o

preposition. from

_ prep. _from. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:148] < AWA, WĀ go, move (from speaker), go away, depart. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

l(h)ô

noun. flood, fenland, flood, fenland; [G.] pool, lake

A noun that served as the final element in various river names. Tolkien was uncertain whether the primitive form of this word began with simple l- or s-prefixed sl-, hence the variation between and lhô. In notes on Words, Phrases and Passages from the Lord of the Rings from the late 1950s or early 1960s, Tolkien said the non-suffixal form of this word was hlô “flood” (PE17/96). In notes from 1966-67 he gave a bewildering variety of derivations for this word, but mostly represented it as lhô or hlô in various attempts to connect it to the river name S. Lhûn (PE17/136-137; VT48/27-28).

In notes on The Rivers and Beacon-hills of Gondor from the late 1960s, while discussing the river name S. Gwathló Tolkien said:

> The element -ló was also of Common Eldarin origin, derived from a base (s)log: in Common Eldarin sloga had been a word used for streams of a kind that were variable and liable to overflow their banks at seasons and cause floods when swollen by rains or melting snow; especially such as the Glanduin (described above) that had their sources in mountains and fell at first swiftly, but were halted in the lower lands and flats. ✱sloga became in Sindarin lhô; but was not in later times much used except in river or marsh names. The Quenya form would have been hloä (VT42/9).

Tolkien rejected this etymology, however, replacing it with the following:

> was derived from Common Eldarin base LOG “wet (and soft), soaked, swampy, etc.” The form ✱loga produced S. and T. loga; and also, from ✱logna, S. loen, T. logna “soaking wet, swamped”. But the stem in Quenya, owing to sound-changes which caused its derivatives to clash with other words, was little represented ... the Quenya form of S. would have been ✱✱loa, identical with Q. loa < ✱lawa “year”; the form of S. loen, T. logna would have been ✱✱lóna identical with [Q.] lóna “pool, mere” (VT42/10).

This final etymology appears to be the last one Tolkien wrote on the topic; later in the same document he used the form in discussions of the river name S. Ringló (VT42/13-14). As for the meaning of the word, it seems it applied both to wide rivers with a tendency to flood their banks, as well as fenlands or wetlands in general.

Conceptual Development: As an element in river names, -lo first appeared in the river names N. Gwathlo and N. Ringlo in Lord of the Rings drafts (TI/304; WR/287). G. “pool, lake” from the Gnomish Lexicon of the 1910s is possible precursor (GL/54).

Neo-Eldarin: For purposes of Neo-Eldarin, I prefer the pre-1968 form of the word lhô, as this is both more distinctive and also allows us to salvage Q. hloä of similar meaning.

Changes

  • lhô ✧ VT42/09

Cognates

  • Q. hlöa “flood, fenland” ✧ VT42/09
  • T. loga “*flood, fenland” ✧ VT42/10

Derivations

  • SLOUN “*descend” ✧ PE17/136; VT48/27
  • LOW “flow freely (fully)” ✧ PE17/136; PE17/137; PE17/137; VT48/27; VT48/28
  • slowā ✧ PE17/137; VT48/28
    • LOW “flow freely (fully)” ✧ PE17/137; VT48/28
  • (s)loga “fenland” ✧ UT/263; VT42/09; VT42/10
    • LOG “wet (and soft), soaked, swampy” ✧ UT/263; VT42/09; VT42/10

Element in

  • S. Gwathló “Greyflood” ✧ PE17/136; PE17/136; PE17/137; UT/263; VT42/09; VT48/27; VT48/27; VT48/28
  • S. Lô Dhaer “Great Fen” ✧ VT42/14
  • S. Onodló “Entwash”
  • S. Ringló “Chillflood” ✧ PE17/096; PE17/136; PE17/136; PE17/137; VT42/13; VT42/14; VT48/27; VT48/27; VT48/28

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
slowā > slŏw̯ > slaw > hlaw[slowā] > [slowa] > [l̥owa] > [l̥ou] > [l̥aw]✧ PE17/137
LOWO > lawa > law[lowā] > [lowa] > [lou] > [law]✧ PE17/137
sloga > lhô[sloga] > [l̥oga] > [l̥oɣa] > [l̥oɣ] > [l̥ōɣ] > [l̥ō]✧ VT42/09
loga > [loga] > [loɣa] > [loɣ] > [lōɣ] > [lō]✧ VT42/10

Variations

  • hlô ✧ PE17/096; PE17/137; VT48/28
  • -lō ✧ PE17/096
  • slō-/(s)lō ✧ PE17/136 (slō-/(s)lō); VT48/27 (slō-/(s)lō)
  • slô ✧ PE17/136 (slô); VT48/27 (slô)
  • hlaw ✧ PE17/137; VT48/28
  • law ✧ PE17/137; PE17/137; VT48/28
  • ✧ UT/263; VT42/09; VT42/10
  • lhô ✧ VT42/09 (lhô); VT42/09 (lhô)
  • -ló ✧ VT42/13
  • ✧ VT42/14 ()
Sindarin [PE17/096; PE17/136; PE17/137; UT/263; VT42/09; VT42/10; VT42/13; VT42/14; VT48/27; VT48/28] Group: Eldamo. Published by

law

Q. .

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:137] < LOW. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

od

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

Sindarin [Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-3] Group: SINDICT. Published by

duinen

noun. flood, high tide

Sindarin [VT/48:26] Group: SINDICT. Published by

o

of

(od), followed by hard mutation. With article uin ”from the, of the” (followed by ”mixed” mutation according to David Salo’s reconstuctuons). (WJ:366). Not to be confused with o ”about, concerning”.

Telerin 

ho

preposition. from

Derivations

  • ʒō “from” ✧ PE21/78

Adûnaic

preposition. from

A prepositional suffix translated “from” (SD/429). In a few places, the suffix appears with the glide-consonant v (pronounced [w]) between it and a preceding u-vowel (SD/247, 249). It is likely related to the Quenya genitive inflection Q. -o.

Conceptual Development: At an earlier conceptual stage, this suffix was a grammatical inflection, the draft-genitive (SD/438).

Cognates

  • Q. -o “of; genitive ending”

Element in

Variations

  • -o ✧ SD/365
  • ō ✧ SD/429
Adûnaic [SD/247; SD/249; SD/365; SD/382; SD/429] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Primitive elvish

preposition. from

Primitive elvish [VT47/35] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ʒō

preposition. from

Derivatives

  • T. ho “from” ✧ PE21/78

Variations

  • ʒō̆ ✧ PE21/78
Primitive elvish [PE21/78] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ăwă

preposition. from

Derivations

  • WĀ/AWA “away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago, away (from); go (away), depart, pass away, move (from speaker); before (of time), ago; [ᴹ√] forth, out” ✧ PE17/148

Derivatives

  • Q. o “from” ✧ PE17/148
  • S. o “from, of” ✧ PE17/148
Primitive elvish [PE17/148] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Noldorin 

lo

noun. flood

Element in

  • N. Gwathlo “Greyflood” ✧ TI/304

o

preposition. from, of (preposition (as a proclitic) used in either direction, from or to the point of view of the speaker)

According to WJ/366, the preposition "is normally o in all positions, though od appears occasionally before vowels, especially before o-". With a suffixed article, see also uin

Noldorin [Ety/360, WJ/366, WJ/369-70, LotR/II:IV, SD/129-3] Group: SINDICT. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

ulunde

noun. flood

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ULU “pour, flow” ✧ Ety/ULU

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ULU > ulunde[ulunde]✧ Ety/ULU

ho

preposition. from

Changes

  • oho ✧ PE21/60
  • hoo ✧ PE21/60

Cognates

  • Ilk. go “from, away; patronymic” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
  • N. o “from, of” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ƷO “from, away, from among, out of” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
  • ᴹ✶ʒō “partitive; away from, from among” ✧ PE21/60
    • ᴹ√ƷO “from, away, from among, out of” ✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆; Ety/WŌ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ƷŌ̆ > ho[ɣo] > [ho]✧ Ety/ƷŌ̆
ᴹ✶ʒō̆ > o[-ɣo] > [-o]✧ PE21/60
ᴹ✶ʒō̆ > ho[ɣo] > [ho]✧ PE21/60

Variations

  • o ✧ PE21/60; PE21/60 (o)
Qenya [Ety/ƷŌ̆; PE21/60] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

o

preposition. from

a

preposition. from

Cognates

  • Eq. ô “from” ✧ GL/17

Derivations

Element in

Variations

  • a ✧ GG/11
  • a(n·) ✧ GL/17
  • o ✧ PE13/115
Gnomish [GG/11; GL/17; PE13/115] Group: Eldamo. Published by

mu

preposition. from

Variations

  • mu ✧ GL/58

Early Noldorin

hin

preposition. from

Element in

Early Noldorin [MC/217] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

-llo

suffix. from, out of; ablative suffix

Variations

  • -illo ✧ PE14/047
  • -lo ✧ PE14/047 (-lo); PE14/078
  • -ullo ✧ PE14/047 (-ullo); PE14/078
  • -llŭva ✧ PE14/078
  • -loa ✧ PE14/078; PE14/078
  • -lŭva ✧ PE14/078
Early Quenya [PE14/046; PE14/047; PE14/078] Group: Eldamo. Published by

lúto

noun. flood

Cognates

  • G. laud “flood; high tide; tide, motion of the sea” ✧ QL/057

Derivations

  • ᴱ√LUTU “*float” ✧ LT1A/Alqaluntë; QL/057

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√LUTU > lūto[lūtō] > [lūto]✧ QL/057

Variations

  • lūto ✧ PME/057; QL/057
Early Quenya [LT1A/Alqaluntë; PME/057; QL/057] Group: Eldamo. Published by

ô

preposition. from

Cognates

  • G. a “from” ✧ GL/17

Derivations

Early Quenya [GL/17] Group: Eldamo. Published by