Quenya 

-valta

-less

-valta suffix "-less", also -viltë (evidently endings used to derive adjectives like "lifeless") (GL:23) The ending -lóra appears with the same meaning in Tolkien's later Quenya.

-viltë

-less

-viltë adjectival ending "-less", also -valta (evidently endings used to derive adjectives like "lifeless") (GL:23). Rather -lóra in Tolkien's later Quenya.

al-

prefix. -less

-less

Quenya [PE 18:30] Group: Mellonath Daeron. Published by

-enca

without, -less

-enca suffix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. nec-, q.v.

-enca

suffix. without, -less

Derivations

  • NEK “divide, separate, part; deprive” ✧ PE17/167

Element in

  • ᴺQ. estelenca “hopeless, despairing, desperate”
  • ᴺQ. cenenca “blind, sightless”
  • ᴺQ. nostarenca “orphaned, (lit.) parent-less”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
NEK > -enca[-eŋka]✧ PE17/167

-lóra

-less, without

-lóra ending "-less, without", as in ómalóra "voiceless" (VT45:28)

nec-

without, -less

nec- prefix "without, -less" (PE17:167), cf. -enca, q.v.

la

no, not

la negation "no, not" (see ); also prefix la- as in lacarë, q.v. (VT45:25)

al(a)-

prefix. in-, un-, not; †-less, without

Cognates

  • S. al- “no, not”

Derivations

  • LA “no, not; negative; not to be” ✧ PE22/153; VT42/33

Element in

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ALA > al[al-]✧ PE22/153
ala > ala[ala-]✧ VT42/33

Variations

  • al ✧ PE22/153; PE22/153; PE22/153
  • ala- ✧ PE22/153
  • ala ✧ PE22/153; PE22/156; PE22/160; PE22/160; VT42/33
  • al- ✧ VT42/33
Quenya [PE22/153; PE22/156; PE22/160; VT42/33] Group: Eldamo. Published by

au-

without

au- (3) privative prefix, = "without" (AWA)

il-

verb. no, *un-

il- (prefix) "no, *un-" (LA); cf. ilfirin "immortal" (vs. firin "dead"). This prefix "denotes the opposite, the reversal, i.e. more than the mere negation" (VT42:32). But il- can also mean "all, every"; see ilaurëa, ilqua, ilquen.

no, not

(1) adv. "no, not" (LA, VT45:25) According to VT42:33, is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, had the opposite meaning "yes" (VT42:32-33), but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb "when [another] verb is not expressed" (VT49:13), apparently where the phrase "is not" is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English "I do not" (i.e. "I do not do whatever the context indicates"). With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë "I do not, am not" (etc.) (Tolkien abandoned the form lamin.) Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa lanyë *"I love him but I do not [love] him" (another person) (VT49:15). Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva.

pen

without, not having

[pen prep. "without, not having" (PE17:171). Cf. Ú #1.]

ava-

without

ava- (3) prefix "without" (AR2, AWA). In some cases apparently used as a mere negation prefix: The form avalerya in VT41:6 is seemingly a negated form of the verb lerya- "release, set free"; the verb avalerya- is suggested to have the same meaning as the root KHAP = "bind, make fast, restrain, deprive of liberty". Likewise, the verb avalatya- from the same source seems to mean "to close, shut", this being a negated form of a verb *latya- "open" (q.v.)

nec-

prefix. without

Derivations

  • NEK “divide, separate, part; deprive” ✧ PE17/167

Element in

  • ᴺQ. necermëa “insubstantial, immaterial”
  • ᴺQ. necestel “hopelessness, despair, desperation”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
NEK > nec-[nek-]✧ PE17/167

cumna

empty

cumna ("k")adj. "empty" (KUM)

ú

without, destitute of

ú (1) adv. and prep. "without, destitute of" (VT39:14). Usually followed by genitive: ú calo "without light" (cala). In one source, ú is seemingly also used as a negative verb "was not" (VT49:13), but Tolkien revised the text in question.

ui

no

ui interjection "no" (originally an endingless negative verb in the 3rd person aorist: "it is not [so]"; see #u-). Apparently this is the word for "no" used to deny that something is true (compare , which is rather used to reject orders, or to issue negative orders). (VT49:28) Compare uito.

Sindarin 

pen-

-less

pref. -less. >> penadar

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:173] < PEN lack, have not. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

pen-

-less

pref. -less. Q. _pen _without, not having. . This gloss was rejected.

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:171] < PEN lack, not have. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lost

adjective. empty

Sindarin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lost

adjective. empty

Element in

pen

preposition. without, lacking, -less

Sindarin [Iarwain ben-adar LotR/II:II] Group: SINDICT. Published by

pen

preposition/prefix. without, lacking, -less

Derivations

  • PEN “lack, be without, have not” ✧ PE17/173

Element in

  • S. Iarwain Ben-adar “Oldest and Fatherless” ✧ PE17/034; PE17/034; PE17/144; PE17/167
  • S. penbed “not pronouncable” ✧ PE17/145
  • ᴺS. pen-channas “stupid, idiotic, *(lit.) lack-wit”
  • ᴺS. penestel “hopelessness, despair, desperation; hopeless, despairing, desperate”
  • ᴺS. pen-ind “insane, heartless, crazy”
  • S. pennod “without count” ✧ PE17/145
  • S. pennoediad “innumerable” ✧ PE17/145

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
PEN > pen-[pen-]✧ PE17/173

Variations

  • pen- ✧ PE17/034; PE17/173
  • pen ✧ PE17/144; PE17/145
Sindarin [PE17/034; PE17/144; PE17/145; PE17/167; PE17/173] Group: Eldamo. Published by

pen-

without

(ben-) _ pref. _without,**less. pen-adar 'fatherless'. >> ben-, ú-

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:34:144] < PENE lack. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

ú

prefix. no, not (negative prefix or particle)

Sindarin [WJ/369, LotR/A(v)] Group: SINDICT. Published by

ar

without

(adv. prefix) ar- (outside)

ar

without

(outside)

baw

interjection. no, don't!

Sindarin [WJ/371] Group: SINDICT. Published by

baw!

no

! (interjection expressing refusal or prohibition, not denying facts) baw! (dont!) Prefix

baw!

no

(don’t!) Prefix

no, not

also ú

ú

without

(adverbial prefix) ú-, u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad *”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

ú

without

u- (e.g. udalraph ”without stirrups; stirrupless”, uluithiad ✱”without quenching” (SD:62) = ”unquenchable”). The prefix ar- has a similiar meaning, as in:

û

interjection. no

adv. or interj. no, not (of fact).

Sindarin [(PE17 Sindarin Corpus) PE17:144] -. Group: Parma Eldalamberon 17 Sindarin Corpus. Published by

lost

empty

lost (pl. lyst), also cofn (void), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

lost

empty

(pl. lyst), also cofn (void), lenited gofn, pl. cyfn

pen

without

1) pen (lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited. 2)

pen

without

(lenited ben) (lacking, -less) (WJ:375) Not to be confused with the pronoun pen ”one, somebody, anybody”. When prefixed to a noun, the resulting phrase can be treated as an adjective in that it is lenited (pen- appears as ben-) where an adjective would be lenited.

Noldorin 

lhost

adjective. empty

Noldorin [Ety/370, X/LH] Group: SINDICT. Published by

lhost

adjective. empty

Cognates

  • Ilk. losgen “empty”
  • Ilk. lost “empty”
  • ᴹQ. lusta “void, empty” ✧ Ety/LUS

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUS “*empty” ✧ Ety/LUS
  • ᴹ√ “ablative element” ✧ EtyAC/LŌ

Element in

  • N. Camlost “Empty-hand(ed)” ✧ Ety/LUS; EtyAC/LŌ (cam-lost)
  • N. Lostladen “*Empty and Open”
  • N. Lhothlann “Empty and Wide” ✧ Ety/LUS

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LUS > lhost[lusta] > [losta] > [lost] > [l̥ost]✧ Ety/LUS

Variations

  • lost ✧ EtyAC/LŌ (lost)
Noldorin [Ety/LUS; EtyAC/LŌ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

al-

prefix. no, not

Noldorin [Ety/367] Group: SINDICT. Published by

caun

adjective. empty, void

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

cofn

adjective. empty, void

Noldorin [Ety/366] Group: SINDICT. Published by

interjection. no

Derivations

  • ᴹ√ “no, not” ✧ Ety/MŪ

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√ > [mū]✧ Ety/MŪ
Noldorin [EtyAC/MŪ] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Beware, older languages below! The languages below were invented during Tolkien's earlier period and should be used with caution. Remember to never, ever mix words from different languages!

Qenya 

au-

prefix. without

ava-

prefix. without

Derivations

  • ᴹ√AWA “away, forth; out” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA

Element in

  • ᴺQ. avamarwa “homeless”
  • ᴹQ. avanóte “without number, numberless” ✧ Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA
  • ᴹQ. avaqet- “to refuse, forbid”

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√AWA > ava-[awa-] > [ava-]✧ Ety/AWA

Variations

  • au- ✧ Ety/AWA
Qenya [Ety/AR²; Ety/AWA] Group: Eldamo. Published by

kumna

adjective. empty

Cognates

  • N. caun “empty, void” ✧ Ety/KUM; Ety/KUM

Derivations

  • ᴹ√KUM “void” ✧ Ety/KUM

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√KUM > kumna[kumna]✧ Ety/KUM

Doriathrin

lost Reconstructed

adjective. empty

A Doriathrin adjective meaning “empty” attested only as an element in the name Dor. Mablost (Ety/KAB). Its Quenya cognate lusta suggests a primitive form ✱✶lustā, with the [o] developing from Ilkorin a-affection. It might be a Doriathrin-only variant of more general Ilkorin losgen “empty”.

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUS “*empty” ✧ Ety/KAB

Element in

  • Ilk. losgen “empty”
  • Ilk. Mablost “Empty-handed” ✧ Ety/KAB

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴹ√LUS > lost[lustā] > [lusta] > [losta] > [lost]✧ Ety/KAB
Doriathrin [Ety/KAB] Group: Eldamo. Published by

losgen Reconstructed

adjective. empty

An adjective meaning “empty” attested only as an element in the Ilkorin name Mablosgen (Ety/MAP). As suggested by Helge Fauskanger, it might be a combination of Dor. lost and the adjective suffix -en, but if so it is unclear where the medial g came from (AL-Ilkorin/Mablosgen). Alternately, perhaps losgen is the general Ilkorin adjective for “empty” and lost is a variant used only in the Doriathrin dialect.

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LUS “*empty”

Element in

  • Ilk. Mablosgen “Empty-handed” ✧ Ety/MAP

Elements

WordGloss
lost“empty”
-en“adjectival suffix”
Doriathrin [Ety/MAP] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Middle Primitive Elvish

al

prefix. without

Derivations

  • ᴹ√LA “no, not; to be not” ✧ Ety/AR²

Derivatives

  • N. al- “no, not”

Element in

  • N. Alchorin “Not-of-Kôr” ✧ Ety/AR²
Middle Primitive Elvish [Ety/AR²] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Gnomish

nil

adjective. empty

Early Noldorin

or-

prefix. privative prefix, without, -less

ur-

verb. privative prefix, without, -less

Element in

  • En. ornoth “innumerable, without number, countless, numberless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orann “doorless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. ordarn “gateless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. o(r)dhraust “without work, workless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orfang “beardless” ✧ PE13/156
  • En. orhod “seatless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. ormar “houseless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. ormast “breadless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. o(r)ngolodh “without gnomes” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orsarn “stoneless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orthalos “courageless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orthanc “unbroken, without break or cleavage, united, continuous; masked” ✧ PE13/156
  • En. orvab “handless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orvaith “unravished” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orvaith “garmentless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orvang “staffless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orvath “foodless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orvlann “without deceit” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orwadh “barkless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. orlham “dumb”
  • En. uraithr “swordless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urbeth “wordless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. u(r)dhrog “without slaves” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urdhuilin “without swallows” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urduf “humorless” ✧ PE13/156
  • En. urfuin “nightless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urgeleb “without silver” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urguil “lifeless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urhonn “heartless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. u(r)ngúl “without wisdom” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urnor “landless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urorod “without chief” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urrost “never coming to life” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. u(r)vrog “horseless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urwedhw “without mate” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. urweth “without wife” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. yrith “care-free” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. yrlhinn “arrowless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. yrlhith “dustless” ✧ PE13/155
  • En. yrwidhion “without husband” ✧ PE13/155

Variations

  • or- ✧ PE13/156; PE13/156
Early Noldorin [PE13/155; PE13/156] Group: Eldamo. Published by

um-

verb. privative prefix; un-, -less, without

Changes

  • um-ur- “privative prefix; un-, -less, without” ✧ PE13/155

Element in

  • En. Uchor “Ilkorin” ✧ PE13/155 (uchor)
  • En. ummast “without bread” ✧ PE13/155 (ummast)
  • En. umaith “naked” ✧ PE13/155 (umaith)
  • En. ufeth “without a word” ✧ PE13/155 (ufeth)
  • En. udhrog “without slaves” ✧ PE13/155 (udhrog)
  • En. uchuil “lifeless” ✧ PE13/155 (uchuil)
  • En. unnor “without a land” ✧ PE13/155 (unnor)
  • En. ungorod “without a chief” ✧ PE13/155 (ungorod)
  • En. urrost “never coming to life” ✧ PE13/155 (uvrost)
  • En. uwedheb “not married” ✧ PE13/155 (uwedhw)
  • En. uthir “without a king” ✧ PE13/155 (uthir)
  • En. uvlant “pathless” ✧ PE13/155 (uvlant)
  • En. uvost “without a town” ✧ PE13/155 (uvost)
Early Noldorin [PE13/155] Group: Eldamo. Published by

-rod

suffix. abstract nom[inals]

Changes

  • -rod-rod “-less” ✧ PE13/152
Early Noldorin [PE13/152] Group: Eldamo. Published by

Early Quenya

-valta

suffix. -less

-vilte

suffix. -less

Cognates

Derivations

  • ᴱ√VḶTḶ “release, set free; deprive, take away” ✧ QL/102

Element in

  • Eq. naustavilte “free from suspicion, *innocent” ✧ QL/065

Phonetic Developments

DevelopmentStagesSources
ᴱ√VḶTḶ > -vilte[βḷti] > [βḷte] > [vḷte] > [vilte]✧ QL/102

Variations

  • -valta ✧ GL/23; QL/102
Early Quenya [GL/23; QL/065; QL/102] Group: Eldamo. Published by

enqe

preposition. without

Variations

  • Enqe ✧ QL/035
Early Quenya [QL/035] Group: Eldamo. Published by