-n (1) dative ending, originating as a reduced form of -nă "to", related to the allative ending -nna (VT49:14). Attested in nin, men, ten, enyalien, Erun, airefëan, tárin, yondon (q.v.) and also added to the English name Elaine (Elainen) in a book dedication to Elaine Griffiths (VT49:40). The longer dative ending -na is also attested in connection with some pronouns, such as sena, téna, véna (q.v.), also in the noun mariéna from márië "goodness" (PE17:59). Pl. -in (as in hínin, see hína), partitive pl. -lin, dual -nt (Plotz). The preposition ana (#1) is said to be used "when purely dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that it can replace the dative ending, e.g. *ana Eru instead of Erun for "to God". In some of Tolkiens earlier material, the ending -n (or -en) expressed genitive rather than dative, but he later decided that the genitive ending was to be -o (cf. such a revision as Yénië Valinóren becoming Yénië Valinórëo, MR:200).
Quenya
-in
-in
-nna
to
-nna
to, at, upon
-nna "to, at, upon", allative ending, originating from -na "to" with fortified n, VT49:14. Attested in cilyanna, coraryanna, Endorenna, Elendilenna, númenórenna, parma-restalyanna, rénna, senna, tielyanna, q.v. If a noun ends in -n already, the ending -nna merges with it, as in Amanna, formenna, Elenna, númenna, rómenna as the allative forms of Aman, formen, elen, númen, rómen (q.v.). Plural -nnar in mannar, valannar, q.v.
hilcin
it freezes
hilcin ("k")vb., glossed "it freezes" (LT1:254); if this word is to be adapted to LotR-style Quenya, it would have to mean "I freeze", but the shape of this word seems somewhat alien to Tolkien's later forms of Quenya (verbs with 1st person aorists in -in never have a consonant cluster immediately preceding this ending)
lingwë
fish
lingwë (stem *lingwi-, given the primitive form ¤liñwi) noun "fish" (LIW)
lingwë
noun. fish
A word for “fish” appearing in its plural form lingwi “fish” in notes on The Lands and Beasts of Númenor from 1965 (NM/336) and appearing as ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” from primitive ᴹ✶liñwi under the root ᴹ√LIW in The Etymologies of the 1930s (Ety/LIW).
Conceptual Development: Tolkien had ᴱQ. ingwe “fish” under the early root ᴱ√IWI “fish” in the Qenya Lexicon of the 1910s (QL/43), and this word was also mentioned in the Poetic and Mythological Words of Eldarissa (PME/43). The word {engwe >>} ingwe appeared unglossed in Early Qenya Word-lists of the 1920s (PE16/145). ᴹQ. lingwe “fish” with initial l first emerged in The Etymologies of the 1930s, as noted above.
Derivations
- ᴹ√LIW “*fish”
Element in
- ᴺQ. cullingwë “goldfish”
- ᴺQ. lingwëa “fishlike”
- ᴺQ. lingwileuca “eel”
- ᴺQ. lingwimo “fisherman”
- ᴺQ. lingwiremnë “fishing”
- ᴺQ. mórolingwe “squid, (lit.) ink-fish”
- ᴺQ. telpingwë “silverfish”
-a
suffix. adjectival suffix
This suffix is frequently used to create the adjective form of a noun, especially in the form -ëa for nouns ending in -ë. This function dates back to CE. ✶-ā.
Derivations
- ✶-ā “adjectival”
Element in
- Q. airëa “holy (applied to persons)” ✧ PE17/149
- ᴺQ. aitalëa “reverent, worshipful, religious”
- Q. Aldëa “*Tuesday, Tree-day (Númenórean)”
- Q. amaurëa “dawn, early day, morning” ✧ MC/223
- Q. andúna “western”
- ᴺQ. aurëa “sunny, sunlit; *daytime”
- Q. endëa “middle”
- Q. eressëa “lonely” ✧ LotR/1116
- Q. fínëa “dexterous”
- Q. ilaurëa “*daily”
- Q. ilyarëa “*daily”
- Q. ilucara “omnificent” ✧ VT39/20
- Q. laurëa “golden (of hue)”
- Q. lillassëa “having many leaves”
- Q. lilótëa “having many flowers”
- Q. lómëa “shadowed, gloomy, shadowed, gloomy, *dusk-like”
- Q. mírëa “jewelled, jewelled, *gemmed”
- Q. nieninquëa “like a snowdrop” ✧ PE16/096
- Q. nöa “former; yesterday; tomorrow, yesterday; former, *previous; tomorrow”
- ᴺQ. nornolassëa “having oak-leaves”
- Q. núla “dark, occult, mysterious”
- Q. oialëa “eternal”
- Q. rávëa “roaring”
- Q. taurëa “forested”
- Q. túrëa “mighty, masterful, mighty, masterful, *having political power” ✧ PE17/115
- Q. úfanwëa “not veiled, unveiled”
- Q. úpahtëa “speechless”
- Q. vëa “seeming, apparent, seeming, apparent; [ᴱQ.] similar, like”
- Q. yaimëa “wailing”
-r
suffix. plural suffix
Derivations
- ✶-r “plural ending”
Element in
- Q. i falmalinnar imbë met “on the foaming waves between us” ✧ PE17/127
Variations
- -r ✧ PE17/057; PE17/062; PE17/063; PE17/073; PE17/075; PE17/127; PE17/135; PE17/190; PE22/161; VT49/16; VT49/17; VT49/48; VT49/51
- r ✧ PM/402
- re ✧ VT49/49 (
re)
na
to, towards
na (2) prep. "to, towards", possibly obsoleted by #1 above; for clarity writers may use the synonym ana instead (NĀ1). Originally, Tolkien glossed na as "at, by, near"; the new meaning entered together with the synonyms an, ana (VT45:36).
-ya
suffix. adjective suffix
Derivations
- ✶-yā “present participle” ✧ PE17/068
Element in
- Q. Aldúya “*Tuesday, Day of the Two Trees”
- Q. Amanyar “Those of Aman”
- Q. Anarya “Sunday, (lit.) Sun-day”
- Q. apacenya “of foresight”
- Q. attalya “biped, *(lit.) two-footed”
- ᴺQ. cantalya “four-legged, quadruped, (lit.) four-footed”
- Q. -carya “doing” ✧ PE17/068
- Q. Eärenya “Sea-day, *Thursday”
- Q. elenya “adjective referring to the stars, *of the stars, stellar”
- Q. entya “central, middle”
- Q. firya “mortal; human, [ᴹQ.] human; [Q.] mortal”
- Q. Isilya “*Monday, Moon-day”
- Q. -matya “-eating” ✧ PE17/068
- Q. Menelya “*Wednesday, Heavens-day”
- Q. minya “first; eminent, prominent”
- Q. Narya “(Ring) of Fire”
- Q. Nenya “(Ring) of Water”
- ᴺQ. ruimenya “fireside, by the fire”
- Q. tatya “second”
- Q. tercenya “of insight”
- Q. Valanya “*Friday, Vala-day”
- Q. Vilya “(Ring) of Air”
Phonetic Developments
Development Stages Sources ✶-ı̯ā > -ya [-jā] > [-ja] ✧ PE17/068 Variations
- -ya ✧ PE17/068 (-ya)
ana
to
ana (1) prep. "to" (VT49:35), "as preposition _ana _is used when purely _dative formula is required" (PE17:147), perhaps meaning that the preposition ana can be used instead of the dative ending -n (#1, q.v.) Also as prefix: ana- "to, towards" (NĀ1); an (q.v.) is used with this meaning in one source (PE17:127)_
nixi
name. fish
-in dative pl. ending, seen in eldain, fírimoin, q.v.